1. Unit 7. FURTHER EDUCATION
A. VOCABULARY
WORD Form Pronuciation Example MEANING
further education N.phr /ˌfɜː.ðər
ed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
She teaches at a college of further
education.
Giáo dục bậc cao
abroad Adv /əˈbrɔːd/ I am going to go abroad to apply for a job ở nước ngoài
academic Adj /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ The university's exchange scheme has
cemented its links with many other
academic institutions.
thuộc về hoặc liên
quan đến giáo dục,
việc học tập, mang
tính học thuật
vocational Adj /vəʊˈkeɪ.ʃən.əl All our trainees are given the opportunity
to work towards a recognized vocational
qualification.
thuộc về nghề
nghiệp, hướng
nghiệp
analytical skill N /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/ Analytical skills are problem-solving skills
that help you parse data and information to
develop creative, rational solutions.
Kĩ năng phân tích
critical thinking N /ˌkrɪt.ɪ.kəl
ˈθɪŋ.kɪŋ/
Students should be encouraged to develop
critical thinking.
Tư duy phản biện
higher education N /ˌhaɪ.ər
ed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/
education at a college or university where
subjects are studied at an advanced level
Giáo dục đại học
bachelor's degree N /ˈbætʃələ(r)/ Normally require three or four years of
full-time study
bằng cử nhân
master's degree N /ˌmɑː.stəz
dɪˈɡriː/
Normally requires two years of study after
completion of Bachelor’s degree.
Bằng thạc sĩ
doctoral degree N /ˈdɒk.tər.əl/ Usually requires a minimum of three years
of study and research, including the
completion of a dissertation.
Bằng tiến sĩ
undergraduate N ˌʌn.dəˈɡrædʒ.u.
ət
An undergraduate is a student at a college
or university who has not yet received a
bachelor’s degree
Chưa tốt nghiệp,
sinh viên chưa tốt
nghiệp
postgraduate N /ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒ.u.
ət/
a postgraduate is a student who has already
received one degree and is studying at a
university for a more advanced degree
Đã tốt nghiệp, sinh
viên đã tốt nghiệp
qualification N /ˌkwɒl.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ
ən/
All our trainees are given the opportunity
to work towards a recognized vocational
qualification.
Phẩm chất
Văn bằng, chứng
chỉ
take a gap year N.phr I intend to take a gap year to travel around
Vietnam.
Nghỉ một khoảng
thời gian để làm
việc khác như đi du
lịch, làm tình
nguyện, …
institution N /ˌɪn.stɪˈtʃuː.ʃən/ All of them have global partnerships with
leading universities and educational
institutions overseas to ensure the best
quality and future for the graduates.
Tổ chức, viện
major N /ˈmeɪ.dʒər/ What is your major, English or French? Chuyên ngành
Specialised Adj /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪzd/ Students can enrol on courses in
specialised independent schools such as
NUS High School of Mathematics and
Chuyên môn
2. Science, School of the Arts, or School of
Science and Technology
pursue V /pəˈsjuː/ Michael Evans is leaving the company to
pursue his own business interests.
Theo đuổi
internship N /ˈɪn.tɜːn.ʃɪp/ The business students often do an
internship during their long vacation in e-
commerce companies.
Thực tập
Diploma N /dɪˈpləʊ.mə/ A diploma is a document given by a
college or university to show that you have
passed a particular exam or finished your
studies
Chứng chỉ
Baccalaureate N /ˌbæk.əˈlɔː.ri.ət/ Kì thi tú tài
Broaden
= widen
V /ˈbrɔː.dən/ I hoped that going to college might
broaden my horizons (= increase the range
of my knowledge and experience)
Mở rộng
appreciate V /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/ I appreciate your making the effort to
come.
Đánh giá cao
respectively /rɪˈspek.tɪv.li/ Steven and James are aged 10 and 13
respectively.
Lần lượt
Mandatory
= compulsory
= obligatory
Adj /ˈmæn.də.tər.i/ Something that is mandatory must be done,
or is demanded by law
Bắt buột
credit-based
course
N.phr Khóa học theo tín
chỉ
campus-based
course
N.phr Khóa học tại trường
career-based
courses
N.phr Khóa học hướng
nghiệp
Be eligible to Adj /ˈel.ɪ.dʒə.bəl Only people over 18 are eligible to vote. Đủ tư cách, đủ năng
lực, thích hợp
consult V /kənˈsʌlt/ If you don’t know the meaning of a word,
consult a dictionary.
Hỏi ý kiến, tham
khảo
accommodation N əˌkɒm.əˈdeɪ.ʃən There is accommodation for about five
hundred students on campus.
Nơi ở
Tuition fees N.phr /tʃuːˈɪʃ.ən ˌfiːz/ Students have to borrow £9,000 a year to
pay their tuition fees.
Học phí
potential N,
Adj
/pəˈtenʃl/ I think this is a chance for me to realize my
potential.
khả năng, tiềm
năng
EXERCISE
Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. It is not easy at all to get a good job without any..............qualifications.
A. academic B. social C. great D. favourite
2. At the……………...level, you can join three-year or four-year colleges.
A. primary B. secondary C. postgraduate D. undergraduate
3. Hugh is quite worried because he hasn't……………...for the end-of-term test.
A. examined B. researched C. studied D. read
4. Next year, I have to decide which area of medicine I want to ... in.
A. come B. focus C. hand D. specialise
5. They..................... sacrifices so that their only child could have a good education.
A. made B. did C. provided D. lent
3. 6. A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants…..degrees at all levels in a variety
of subjects.
A. secondary B. optional C. academic D. vocational
7. You have to be highly.....to do well in these subjects.
A. competitive B. competitor C. competition D. competed
8. I can't cope well....all the homework I've got to do!
A. on B. of C. about D. with
9. ........education normally provides undergraduate and postgraduate education.as well as vocational education
and training.
A. Intermediate B. Primary C. Secondary D. Tertiary
10. You'll find plenty of books on the…..of business studies in the library.
A. lesson B. studied C. curriculum D. schedule
11. I wonder if you could tell me who was awarded the…...
A. scholar B. scholastic C. scholarship D. scholarly
12. Going to university is expensive because in addition to the tuition...., there are expenses for accommodation,
books, living costs, etc.
A. grants B. fees C. fares D. scholarships
13. He has got a degree....Information Technology from Oxford University.
A. in B. for C. on D. of
14. The more....you have, the more chance you have of finding a better job.
A. courses B. contributions C. qualifications D. qualities
15. I got a diploma in business administration, but still sometimes I wish I had been able to go university and get
a .....
A. certificate B. diploma C. degree D. scholarship
16. It's my.....ceremony next week; I think my parents are looking forward to it more than I am.
A. graduation B. graduate C. graduating D. graduates
17. If you need to.....the teacher's attention, just put up your hand.
A. attract B. pay C. take D. pull
18. Yesterday, we had a discussion....different cultures.
A. about B. around C. for D. from
19. Australians and New Zealanders often have a/an....year before going to college or after finishing high school
to travel overseas independently.
A. gap B. new C. busy D. graduation
20. I did six hours of....for the test, but I still failed.
A. education B. survey C. revision D. training
4. B. GRAMMAR
I. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH TIẾP DIỄN)
1. Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định) Negative (Phủ định) Interrogative (Nghi van)
S + have/ has + been + V-ing S + have/ has + not + been + V-
ing
Have/ Has + S + been + v-ing...?
She has been waiting here for 30
minutes.
She hasn't been waiting here for
30 minutes.
Has she been waiting here for 30
minutes?
2. Cách dùng (use)
Thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn được dùng để diễn tả:
- Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài liên tục đến hiện tại, vẫn đang tiếp tục ở hiện tại. Cách dùng
này thường đi kèm với giới từ "since" và "for"
E.g: They have been waiting here for over two hours. (They are still waiting here now.)
I have been reading for 3 hours. (I am still reading now.)
How long have you been learning English? (You are still learning now.)
- Hành động đã bắt đầu trong quá khứ, vừa mới kết thúc gần đây.
E.g: Why is the grass wet? Has it been raining? I'm tired because I've been running.
3. Signal Words
Một số cụm từ thường đi kèm trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn như: all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how
long, the whole week, ...
4. Sự khác biệt giữa hiện tại hoàn thành và hiên tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành chú ý đến kết quả của hành động.Trong khi đó, thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nhấn
mạnh đến hành động mà có thể chưa kết thúc.
E.g: I've been decorating the house this morning. (nhấn mạnh vào hành động -decorating- hành động chưa kết
thúc)
I've painted the living room blue. (nhấn mạnh vào kết quả của hành động. Bây giờ chúng ta có thể nhìn
thấy được kết quả)
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành nói đến hành động hoàn thành được bao nhiêu (how many/ how much); còn thì
hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn nói đến hành động xảy ra được bao lâu (how long)
E.g: She's been writing letters for 3 hours.
She's written 5 letters.
- Thì hiện tại hoàn thành nói đến hành động mang tính chất lâu dài, còn thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn chỉ
hành động mang tính tạm thời.
E.g: I've worked here for ten years.
I usually work in Hanoi but I've been working in Ho Chi Minh City for the last 3 weeks.
NOTE: Trong một số trường hợp, ta có thể chia động từ ở cả thì hiện tại hoàn thành và hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp
diễn tùy thuộc vào ngữ cảnh.
EXERCISE
I. Put the verbs into the correct form, using either the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect continuous.
1. How long ………………………. Jerry? (you/to know)
2. You look dirty. What ………………………. all day? (you/to do)
3. How many times ………………………. New York? (Michael/to visit)
4. She ………………………. French words for hours, but she still doesn't remember all of them, (to learn)
5. The children ………………………. videos for two hours, (to watch)
5. 6. ………………………. hard today? (he/to study)
7. My father ………………………. . (never/to smoke)
8. Sorry, I'm late. ………………………. for long? (you/to wait)
9. We ……………………….Lisa recently, (not/to see)
10. He ………………………. his essay all day, but he ………………………. yet. (to write) (not/to finish)
II. Put the verbs into the correct form, using either the Present Continuous or the Present Perfect
continuous.
1. It (rain) ………………………. all week. I hope it stops by Friday because I want to go to the beach.
2. You look really great! (You, exercise) ………………………. at the fitness center?
3. Mark, where have you been? We (wait) ………………………. for you since 1 p.m.
4. Tim: What is that sound?
Daisy: A car alarm (ring) ………………………. somewhere down the street. It (drive) …………………….
me crazy – I wish it would stop! it (ring) ………………….for more than twenty minutes.
5. Johnson's English (improve, really) ………………………., isn't it? He (watch) ……………………….
American television programs every day since he first arrived in San Diego. Soon he will be totally fluent.
6. Dave: You look a little tired. (You, get) ………………………. enough sleep lately? Michelle: Yes, I (sleep)
………………………. relatively well. I just look tired because I (feel) ………………………. a little sick for
the last week. Dave: I hope you feel better soon.
Michelle: Thanks. I (take, currently) ………………………. some medicine, so I should feel better in a
couple of days.
III. Put the verbs into the correct form, using either the Present Perfect or the Present Perfect
continuous.
1. Julia: How long (you, be) ………………………. in Canada?
Clare: I (study) ………………………. here for more than three years.
2. I (have) ………………………. the same car for mere than ten years. I'm thinking about buying a new one.
3. I (love) ………………………. chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a "chocoholic."
4. Mark and Sarah (have) some difficulties in their relationship lately, so they (go) ……………………… to
a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.
5. John (work) ……………………….for the government since he graduated from Harvard University. Until
recently, he (enjoy) ………………………. his work, but now he is talking about retiring.
6. Lately, I (think) ………………………. about changing my career because I (become) …………………….
with the conditions at my company dissatisfied
7. I (see) ………………………. Julia for more than five years and during that time I (see) ………………….
many changes in her personality.
IV. Put the verbs into either the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous.
1. I'm really tired. I since seven this morning, (work)
2. Peter at six schools in six years. He never stays in the same job. (teach)
3. Mr Hung since she left university in 2000. (teach)
4. Hoa English for nearly two years, (study)
5. This week he ten new verbs, (learn)
6. I over 40 resumes but I still can't decide who to give the job to. (read)
7. She can't still be thirsty! She three glasses of lemonade, (drink)
8. How long professional baseball? (play)
9. How many games ? (play)
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
1. I ………... English for five years. I study it at school.
A. have been learning B. have learnt C. learnt D. am learning
2. You can have your book back now. I ....it.
6. A. have been reading B. have read C. had read D. read
3. You look upset. .....you......?
A. Are - crying B. Do - cry C. Have - been crying D. Have - cried
4. How many times......you…. that international conference?
A. did - attend B. do - attend
C. have - been attending D. have - attended
5. I... for my maths textbook all day, but I .... it yet.
A. have been looking - haven't found B. have looked - haven't found
C. have been looking - haven't been finding D. have looked - haven't been finding
6. Mum….all morning. She.....lots of Christmas presents.
A. has shopped - has bought B. has been shopping - has bought
C. has been shopping - has been buying D. has shopped - has been buying
7. Kevin....his homework, but he.... it yet.
A. has been doing - hasn't been finishing B. has done - hasn't finished
C. has been doing - hasn't finished D. has done - hasn't been finishing
8. Pete....at Midfield Secondary School since 2006, but he.... music in his lessons twice.
A. has been teaching - has only played B. has been teaching - has only been playing
C. has taught - has only been playing D. has taught - has only played
9. I.....the biography of Robbie Williams, but I'm on page 50.
A. have read B. have been reading C. had read D. was reading
10. Jimmy can go out when he....for the exam.
A. has been studying B. has been studied C. has studied D. studied
11. I.....the latest Harry Potter book all day. I'm dying to know what happens in the end!
A. am reading B. have been reading C. have read D. had read
12. So far I.....any of the exams at school.
A. haven't been failing B. hadn't failed C. didn't fail D. haven’t failed
13. We….our classroom for the upcoming Teachers' Day, but there's still a lot to do.
A. are decorating B. decorated
C. have been decorating D. have decorated
14. Margaret….in the school marathon for charity before.
A. has never run B. never runs C. never ran D. has never been running
15. My brother graduated from Hanoi University of Science and Technology last month and ....for a job since
then.
A. has been looking B. has looked C. was looking D. had looked
16. Tim….for the scholarship to study abroad in the USA at least twice.
A. applied B. is applying C. has been applying D. has applied
17. All the students....for their academic transcripts all this week, but they.... them yet.
A. have waited - haven't received B. have been waiting - haven't received
C. have waited - haven't been receiving D. have been waiting - haven't been receiving
18. I....for the information about the differences between further education and higher education all this
morning.
A. had searched B. have been searched C. have been searching D. have searched
19. It's the first time you... an online course, isn't it?
A. had ever taken B. have evei -been yer be« taking
C. ever took D. have ever taken
20. The teacher....the speaking task on the board, so now the students are discussing it.
A. has already been writing B. has already written C. already wrote D. had already written
21. Sandy....his sister since she....to university in 2014.
7. A. hadn't seen - went B. hasn't been seeing - went C. didn't see - has gone D. hasn't seen – went
22. They....to Spain for an educational exchange and won't be back until the end of this month.
A. have gone B. went C. have been going D. is going
23. Poor Tracy! She....that essay for hours now and she still.......
A. has written - hasn't finished B. has been writing - didn't finish
C. has been writing - hasn't finished D. has written - hasn't been finishing
24. Tom and Mary are still discussing the maths exercise with each other because they….how to do it.
A. aren't working out B. haven't worked out
C. haven't been working out D. didn't work out
25. I... reading a wonderful book about space travel.
A. just finish B. just do finish C. have just finished D. have just been finishing
26. As a rule, you shouldn't argue with your hosts unless they....something openly offensive.
A. had said B. have been saying C. have said D. would say
27. Noah Webster....an American Dictionary of the English Language in two volumes in 1828, and since then
it....the recognised authority for usage in the United States.
A. published - became B. has published - has become
C. published - was becoming D. published - has become
28. She….of great help to us because she.... for such a long time with us.
A. has been - had lived B. has been - has been living
C. has been - lived D.was - has lived
29. I.....the book yet so I can't tell you what happens.
A. haven't finished B. haven't been finishing C. didn't finish D. hadn't finished
30. Peter has been a junior clerk for three years. Lately, he.....for a better post but so far he....
A. looks - hasn't found B. have looked - haven't found
C. has been looking - hasn't found D. has looked - hasn't found
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the
following questions.
1. My brother (A) has applied (B) for that scholarship (C) for months, but he has never succeeded (D) yet.
2. I (A) have been unable to (B) make out what the lecturer was saying (C) because we were right (D) at the
back of the hall.
3. I (A) have found a lot of (B) informations (C) about the history (D) of English language teaching recently.
4. Although there (A) were a number of significant (B) differences between the two systems, (C) both countries
share a commitment (D) to high quality education.
5. I (A) have never been understanding why (B) such a lot of people (C) want to study (D) abroad.
6. It is (A) the first time the Internet (B) has ever applied in English teaching (C) and learning (D) in this remote
district.
7. (A) Due to the (B) geographical barrier, he (C) has been deciding to choose (D) distance education in order
to get his university degree.
8. Lily (A) couldn't answer (B) any questions in the end-of-term examination this morning, (C) but she thinks
she (D) has failed.
9. I (A) have started doing my homework (B) when I got home from school, but I stopped (C) to watch my
favourite (D) music show.
10. Professor Daniel, who (A) has been working in our faculty for (B) almost 15 years, is giving (C) a seminar
on further education to students (D) on next Friday.
VII. Rewrite the sentences, using the present perfect or the present perfect continuous.
1. I started discussing my research proposal with my professor at the beginning of my course. We're still
discussing it.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
8. 2. Nam's still studying English. He started studying it two years ago. (for)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
3. I started learning how to play the piano eight months ago. I'm still learning it.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. He attended two online vocational courses: one in 2012 and the other in 2013. (twice)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. They visited this college in 2009, 2012 and 2014. (three times)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
6. The British Council established IELTS a long time ago. It still uses this test as an international standardised
test of English for non- native English language speakers. (for)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
7. She started her research project last month. She's still doing it.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
8. The university started building a new campus in May. They are still building it. (since)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
9. The graduate students started arriving at four o'clock. They are all in the lecture hall.
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
10. Mary is staying at a homestay during her undergraduate programme. The programme began three weeks
ago. (for)
→ _______________________________________________________________________________________
9. C- READING
I. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of
the questions.
One way of training for your future occupation in Germany is by pursuing a dual vocational training programme.
Such programmes offer plenty of opportunity for on-the-job training and work experience. Programmes usually
last between two and three and a half years and comprise theoretical as well as practical elements. You will spend
one or two days a week, or several weeks at once, at a vocational school where you will acquire the theoretical
knowledge that you will need in your future occupation. The rest of the time will be spent at a company. There
you get to apply your newly acquired knowledge in practice, for example by learning to operate machinery. You
will get to know what your company does, learn how it operates and find out if you can see yourself working
there after completing your training.
This combination of theory and practice gives you a real head start into your job: by the time you have completed
your training, you will not only have the required technical knowledge, but you will also have hands-on
experience in your job. There are around 350 officially recognised training programmes in Germany, so chances
are good that one of them will suit your interests and talents. You can find out which one that might be by visiting
one of the jobs and vocational training fairs which are organised in many German cities at different times in the
year.
Employment prospects for students who have completed a dual vocational training programme are very good.
This is one of the reasons why this kind of training is very popular with young Germans: around two thirds of all
students leaving school go on to start a vocational training programme.
1. Which of the following is probably the best title of the passage?
A. Employment Opportunities and Prospects in Germany
B. Higher Education System in German
C. Dual Vocational Training System in Germany
D. Combination of Theory and Practice in Studying in Germany
2. The word "it" in the first paragraph refers to.......
A. company B. machinery C. knowledge D. organisation
3. Which of the following statements best describes the dual vocational training programmes?
A. These programmes consist of an intensive theoretical course of two and a half years at a vocational school.
B. These programmes require you to have only practical working time at a certain company.
C. These programmes offer you some necessary technical skills to do your future job.
D. These programmes provide you with both theoretical knowledge and practical working experience.
4. The word "hands-on” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to.......
A. theoretical B. practical C. technical D. integral
5. How many German school leavers choose this vocational trainingprogramme?
A. well over 75% B. around one out of five
C. less than a third D. about 70%
II. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase that
best fits each of the numbered blanks.
GAP YEAR
In the professional or career world, a gap year is a year before going to college or university and after finishing
high school or (1).......a year off before going into graduate school after completing a bachelor as an
undergraduate. (2).......this time, students may engage in advanced academic courses, extra-academic courses and
non-academic courses, such as yearlong pre-college maths courses, language studies, learning a trade, art studies,
volunteer work, travel, internships, sports and more. Gap years are sometimes considered a way for students to
become independent and learn a great deal of (3).......prior to engaging in university life.
Australians and New Zealanders have a tradition of travelling overseas independently
(4).......a young age. In New Zealand, this is known as "doing an OE" (Overseas Experience). Sometimes, an OE
(5).......to one year, but often Australians and New Zealanders will remain overseas for three or five years , with
many working short-term in service industry jobs to fund their continue their travels. Europe and Asia are popular
destinations for doing an OE. In Australia, through exchange programmes and benefits for youth, there are so
many opportunities for a young person to broaden their (6) .......through travel in a gap year.
10. 1. A. calling B. going C. taking D. turning
2. A. During B. When C. While D. By
3. A. responsible B. responsibility C. irresponsible D. irresponsibility
4. A. at B. on C. in D. for
5. A. distributed B. used C. spent D. limited
6. A. head B. mind C. brain D. memory
III. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
EXAM OR CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT?
How do you feel when you sit an exam? Do you always succeed in getting all your ideas down on paper, or do
you sometimes feel that you're (1).......a mess of it? (2) .......from those lucky few who sail through exams, most
secondary school pupils find them very stressful. Many teachers are (3).......of the problems their students face
and use a different method for measuring their progress: continuous. With continuous assessment, students are
given (4).......tasks to do throughout the year. All their marks are added together to produce a total mark (5).......the
end of the year. Students have to (6).......more responsibility for their education because they can't rely on doing
well on just one day. Also, they have more time to think over their work, meaning that they are able to do their
best.
1. A. doing B. having C. making D. taking
2. A. Apart B. According C. Except D. But
3. A. aware B. intelligent C. recognisable D. knowledgeable
4. A. variety B. various C. vary D. variably
5. A. at B. on C. in D. from
6. A. do B. get C. make D. take
