Furniture can be made from various materials like wood, metal, plastics, and glass. Wood is still the most commonly used material and comes in varieties like solid wood, plywood, veneers, hardboard and particle board. Metals used include steel, aluminum, copper, brass and bronze. Plastics are also widely used in the form of laminates, fibers, and molded parts. Glass is used as hardened or softened panels and in acrylic forms. Proper selection of materials allows furniture to be functional, durable and aesthetically pleasing.

1. FURNITURE
ELECTIVE - I
Submitted by – Vishva Ramani
Zeel Bhojak
INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTURE
H.N.G.U. PATAN

2. Introduction
 Furniture is the mass or the movable objects which may:
• support the human body (seating furniture and beds)
• provide storage
• hold objects on horizontal surfaces above the ground.

3. Properties of the good materials for
furniture
• Use hard dense and more durable
material.
• Use recyclable material.
• Using wood products that are FSC-
certified.
• Use resource efficient material.
• Well made furniture need not be
expensive, it should made by good
material.

4. Properties of good furniture
• Furniture can be a product of artistic design and is
considered a form of decorative art.
• In addition to furniture's functional role, it can serve a
symbolic or religious purpose.
• Domestic furniture works to create, in conjunction
with furnishings such as clocks and lighting,
comfortable and convenient interior spaces.
• Furniture can be made using a variety of
woodworking joints which often reflect the local
culture.

5. Materials used to make furniture
• The primary structure of most furniture is
based on four families of materials.
• The four families of materials are:
 Wood
 Metal
 Plastics
 Glass.

6. Wood
• Wood is still the most used furniture
material, and was almost the only material
used in most historic (pre 20th century)
furniture.
• Wood used for furniture is either:
 solid wood
 Plywood
 Veneers,
 Hardboard,
 Particle Board,
 Composite wood, etc.

7. Characteristics & their uses
 SOLID WOOD:-
• Solid wood can be refinished many times if it is
scratched or damaged. Depending on the wood.
• It is generally more expensive.

8.  PLYWOOD:-
• Most furniture contains some
plywood.
• Plywood is strong and resists
splitting and warping.
• It is made of layers of wood glued
together with the wood grain at
right angles..

9.  VENEER:-
• Plywood is often faced with a thin veneer ranging from
1/60th inch to 1/10th inch.
• Thicker veneers with quality finishes will wear better over
time.
• Refinishing and repairs will depend on the thickness of
the veneer.
• Veneers help save rare woods and wood in general as
less wood is used for the surface appearance.

10.  Hardboard:-
• It is made of wood fibres sealed together with
adhesives, steam and pressure.
• It comes in 1/16 to 3/ 4” thickness and is often used in
unseen parts of furniture such as back panels and
bottoms, drawer dividers and bottoms.

11.  Particle board:-
• It is made of wood particles and adhesive.
• It is formed by flat-pressing, extrusion or mat-forming.
• Thickness varies from 1/8” to 2” and comes in several
sizes.
• Particle board has no grain so doesn’t split easily.
• It is often used in place of plywood and then finished
with veneers or laminates.
• It can be painted or enameled.

12. Metal
• Steel
• Aluminum
• Copper
• Brass
• Bronze
• Iron
CHARACTERSTICS & USES OF THE
METALS
• Metals are used to make parts, such as legs, frames, and
table bases and also as a primary material for office
furniture, kitchen cabinetry, utility shelving, and storage
units.
• Stainless steel resists rusting, so it is used in the large
amount.
 These are the some metals used in the forming
furniture-

13. • Steel is used to make springs in sofas.
• Aluminum in the form of tubes, and formed sections,
such as angles, channels, and T’s is used for cast legs,
frames, and small parts.

14. Plastics
• There are several types of the plastic used in the
furniture making-
 Plastic Laminates-
these are composed of layers of heavy paper impregnated
with melamine resin.

15.  Synthetic fibre
• They are very much light weight
in nature and are available in all
colours.
• Ex- Fabric furniture and sofa
sets upholstery are made by the
Synthetic fibre.
 Molded Plastics-
• such as styrene, polyethylene,
nylon, and vinyl, are often made
into small parts, such as glides,
rollers, edge trim, and drawer
pulls.

16. Upholstery
furniture and sofa
sets

17. Glas
s
• Glass is used in the form –
 Hard or soft glass-
• Hard and soft glass is used in
tables and the windows. And
others furniture.
 Acrylics-
• such as Plexiglas and Lucite, resemble
glass in their transparency, but can be
made translucent and colored, and
opaque.
• Acrylics can be bent and molded into
curved shapes.

18.  Fiberglass-
• A hybrid material in which glass
fibers are embedded in a molded
polyester resin.
• It is used to make custom auto
body parts and small boat hulls.
Chair made by fibre
glass
The Eames' fiberglass reinforced
chairs solved the problem of how to
make a seat out of a single shell.
This chair went into production
in 1950.

19. This chair has a molded
fiberglass frame that is
made of fire-retardant
polyurethane foam.
Fiberglass seats designed by
Swedish designer peter
fargring and produced by
London based leopards

20. Bhagvati futrniture
Sag – surendranagar
Plywood (6mm,8mm,12mm,18mm etc) – yamuna nagar
Plywood (18mm)
Sag
Cost ( per square feet )
60/- plywood
140/- carigar
160/- laminate sheet
20/- to 25/- fevicol
30/- fitting
Total 400 to 500/-
Laminate sheet

21. 8mm glass
Deco paint

22. Sofa furniture

23. 6mm
plywood
Baval wood

24. Tools