The document discusses cells and their structures. It defines a cell as the basic unit of life that contains molecules to support an organism. Cells contain organelles like the nucleus, cytoplasm, mitochondria, and lysosomes. Prokaryotic cells like bacteria lack internal membranes and organelles. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles and include plants, animals, fungi and protists. Animal cells lack cell walls while plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. The structures and shapes of animal and plant cells are compared.
2. Introduction about cell
• A cell is a small, membrane-bound compartment that
contains all the chemicals and molecules that help
support an organism's life. ... An understanding of the
structure of cells is one of the first steps in
comprehending the complex cellular interactions that
direct and produce life.
4. Prokaryotic cell
• Prokaryote, also spelled procaryote, any organism that
lacks a distinct nucleus and other organelles due to the
absence of internal membranes. Bacteria are among the
best-known prokaryotic organisms. The lack of
internal membranes in prokaryotes distinguishes them
from eukaryotes.
5.
6. Eukaryotic cell
• A eukaryotic cell contains membrane-bound
organelles such as a nucleus, mitochondria, and
an endoplasmic reticulum. Organisms based on
the eukaryotic cell include protozoa, fungi,
plants, and animals. These organisms are
grouped into the biological domain Eukaryote
7.
8. Animal cell
•As the name implies, an animal cell is a type
of cell that is seen specifically in animal
tissues. It is characterized by the absence of
a cell wall, with cell organelles enclosed
within the cell membrane.
9. Plant cell
• Plant cells have a nucleus, cell membrane,
cytoplasm and mitochondria too, but they also
contain the following structures: Cell wall – A
hard layer outside the cell membrane, containing
cellulose to provide strength to the plant.
10. Deference between animal and plant
cell
Animal cell
• Square or rectangular
in shape
• Cell wall present
• Primarily autotrophic
Plant cell
• Irregular or round in
shape
• Cell wall absent
• Heterotrophic
11. Deference between animal and plant cell
Animal cell
• Nucleus – This contains genetic material
(DNA), and controls the cell's activity
• Cell membrane – A flexible layer that
surrounds the cell and controls the
substances that enter and exit
• Cytoplasm – A jelly-like substance where
the chemical reactions happen
Plant cell
• Cell wall – A hard layer outside the cell
membrane, containing cellulose to provide
strength to the plant
• Vacuole – A space inside the cell that is used to
store substances and help the cell keep its shape
• Chloroplasts – Structures that contain the green
pigment chlorophyll, which are a key part
of photosynthesis.
