The document describes the anatomy of the external ear, nose, and mouth. It discusses the major structures of each, including the helix, antihelix, lobes and crus of the ear. For the nose, it outlines the nasal bones, cartilage, dorsum, wings and other structures. The mouth section identifies the maxilla, mandible, mucous membranes, lines of closure and other features. It provides guidance on correcting distortions, closing the mouth and changing facial expressions after embalming.
secondary deformities of cleft LIP AND NOSESumer Yadav
This document discusses cleft lip nose and secondary deformities of cleft lip, nose, and palate. It covers the pathogenesis and pathologic anatomy of cleft nose deformities, as well as surgical techniques for correcting nasal deformities. The key points are that nasal deformity is best addressed after lip repair, bone grafting, and orthodontic treatment; and surgical techniques involve mobilizing and repositioning the alar cartilage to restore nasal symmetry. Timing of definitive nasal correction is typically during puberty after growth is largely complete.
This document discusses cleft lip and palate, including the embryology, classification systems, prenatal diagnosis methods, and surgical techniques for repair. It provides details on various lip repair procedures like Millard's rotation-advancement, Mohler's, and Cutting's techniques. Presurgical infant orthopedics methods like nasoalveolar molding are also summarized. The document aims to comprehensively cover the magnitude, causes, evaluation, and management of cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information on cleft palate, including:
- Cleft palate is a congenital abnormality where there is a split in the soft and/or hard palate. It can occur unilaterally or bilaterally.
- The incidence varies by race and ethnicity, from 1 in 1,000 births in whites to 1 in 2,400-2,500 in people of African descent.
- Cleft palate can be caused by environmental factors like smoking or drugs during pregnancy, or genetic factors like certain genes. It can also be associated with syndromes.
- Surgical techniques for repair include the Von Langenbeck and Veau-Wardill-
Chinese physicians were the first to describe cleft lip repair techniques, which initially involved simply excising the cleft margins and suturing them together. Over time, surgical techniques evolved to use local flaps. In the mid-20th century, the triangular flap technique was introduced and popularized as it allowed for tension-free repair of wide clefts. The rotation-advancement technique, described by Millard, is now most commonly used in the US as it is flexible and allows modifications during surgery while approximating a new philtral column. The goals of repair include reconstituting oral competence and symmetry while optimizing nasal function and aesthetics.
Complications in oral and maxillofacial surgeryAsok Kumar
This document discusses several potential complications that can occur during and after oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. It notes that complications can happen even with experienced surgeons. It then provides more details on specific complications like fracture of teeth or roots during extraction, fracture of the alveolus, extraction of the wrong tooth, instrument breakage, root displacement into the maxillary sinus, and more. Prevention and management strategies are described for many of these potential complications.
Dr. Rasel lip reconstruction cme DDCH, Dhaka, BangladeshShakilur
This document discusses various surgical techniques for reconstructing lip defects of different sizes following cancer resection. For defects less than 1/3 of the lip, wedge excision with primary closure or lateral advancement flaps can be used. For defects from 1/3 to 2/3 of the lip, cross-lip or Johanson flaps are options. Larger defects from half to over 2/3 of the lip can be reconstructed using Karapandzic, Gillies, or McGregor flaps. Defects over 2/3 of the lip may require free flaps or multiple Gillies flaps. Specific techniques like Abbe, Estlander, and Stein flaps are described to reconstruct between the lips
Cleft lip and Cleft palate embryology, features, and management Augustine raj
cleft lip and Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies encountered in ENT and Pediatrics practice. It is important to be familiar with the clinical features and complications, Surgical procedures, timing of surgery and complications associated with the surgeries. this presentation will give you a simple approach towards the same.
secondary deformities of cleft LIP AND NOSESumer Yadav
This document discusses cleft lip nose and secondary deformities of cleft lip, nose, and palate. It covers the pathogenesis and pathologic anatomy of cleft nose deformities, as well as surgical techniques for correcting nasal deformities. The key points are that nasal deformity is best addressed after lip repair, bone grafting, and orthodontic treatment; and surgical techniques involve mobilizing and repositioning the alar cartilage to restore nasal symmetry. Timing of definitive nasal correction is typically during puberty after growth is largely complete.
This document discusses cleft lip and palate, including the embryology, classification systems, prenatal diagnosis methods, and surgical techniques for repair. It provides details on various lip repair procedures like Millard's rotation-advancement, Mohler's, and Cutting's techniques. Presurgical infant orthopedics methods like nasoalveolar molding are also summarized. The document aims to comprehensively cover the magnitude, causes, evaluation, and management of cleft lip and palate.
This document provides information on cleft palate, including:
- Cleft palate is a congenital abnormality where there is a split in the soft and/or hard palate. It can occur unilaterally or bilaterally.
- The incidence varies by race and ethnicity, from 1 in 1,000 births in whites to 1 in 2,400-2,500 in people of African descent.
- Cleft palate can be caused by environmental factors like smoking or drugs during pregnancy, or genetic factors like certain genes. It can also be associated with syndromes.
- Surgical techniques for repair include the Von Langenbeck and Veau-Wardill-
Chinese physicians were the first to describe cleft lip repair techniques, which initially involved simply excising the cleft margins and suturing them together. Over time, surgical techniques evolved to use local flaps. In the mid-20th century, the triangular flap technique was introduced and popularized as it allowed for tension-free repair of wide clefts. The rotation-advancement technique, described by Millard, is now most commonly used in the US as it is flexible and allows modifications during surgery while approximating a new philtral column. The goals of repair include reconstituting oral competence and symmetry while optimizing nasal function and aesthetics.
Complications in oral and maxillofacial surgeryAsok Kumar
This document discusses several potential complications that can occur during and after oral and maxillofacial surgery procedures. It notes that complications can happen even with experienced surgeons. It then provides more details on specific complications like fracture of teeth or roots during extraction, fracture of the alveolus, extraction of the wrong tooth, instrument breakage, root displacement into the maxillary sinus, and more. Prevention and management strategies are described for many of these potential complications.
Dr. Rasel lip reconstruction cme DDCH, Dhaka, BangladeshShakilur
This document discusses various surgical techniques for reconstructing lip defects of different sizes following cancer resection. For defects less than 1/3 of the lip, wedge excision with primary closure or lateral advancement flaps can be used. For defects from 1/3 to 2/3 of the lip, cross-lip or Johanson flaps are options. Larger defects from half to over 2/3 of the lip can be reconstructed using Karapandzic, Gillies, or McGregor flaps. Defects over 2/3 of the lip may require free flaps or multiple Gillies flaps. Specific techniques like Abbe, Estlander, and Stein flaps are described to reconstruct between the lips
Cleft lip and Cleft palate embryology, features, and management Augustine raj
cleft lip and Cleft palate is one of the most common congenital anomalies encountered in ENT and Pediatrics practice. It is important to be familiar with the clinical features and complications, Surgical procedures, timing of surgery and complications associated with the surgeries. this presentation will give you a simple approach towards the same.
Tongue thrusting is defined as the forward movement of the tongue between the teeth during swallowing or speech instead of the mature swallow pattern. It can be classified based on its effects and may cause malocclusions like an open bite. Diagnosis involves examining swallow patterns and tongue posture. Treatment depends on the age of the patient and involves myofunctional exercises, appliances to reposition the tongue, and orthodontics or surgery if malocclusion is present. Speech therapy may also be used if a speech defect is associated with the tongue thrusting.
This document discusses the development of the head and neck region in a 4-week old embryo. It notes the presence of 5 mesenchymal prominences - the unpaired frontonasal prominence and paired medial/lateral nasal, maxillary, and mandibular prominences. During the 5th week, the lateral and medial nasal swellings surround the nasal vestige and form parts of the nose, lip, maxilla, and primary palate. The maxillary swellings approach but remain separated from the nasal swellings. Over the next 2 weeks, the face changes as the maxillary swellings compress the medial nasal swellings, fusing to form the upper lip. The document then discusses cleft lip and
1. Cleft lip and palate is a congenital defect caused by the failure of fusion between embryonic processes during lip and palate development.
2. It has a multifactorial etiology including both genetic and environmental factors. The exact cause is often unknown.
3. Cleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births globally, with varying prevalence across ethnic groups. Classification systems describe the location and extent of the cleft.
Nose_ Mouth_ and Throat--Physical Assessment--Power PointSusie Keepper
This document provides information about examining the nose, mouth, and throat. It begins by describing the functions of the nose, including warming, moistening, and filtering inhaled air. It then discusses examining the nose, including looking for swelling, discharge or foreign bodies. It also describes examining the mouth, including looking for abnormalities like lesions, decay, or gum disease. Common abnormalities seen in the nose, mouth and throat are described, along with images showing examples like periodontal disease, meth mouth, and tonsillitis. Proper techniques for examining the nose, mouth, and throat are also outlined.
The pulp cavity is the central cavity within a tooth and is entirely enclosed by dentin except at apical foramen.
It is divided into:
1. Coronal portion pulp chamber
2. Radicular portion root canal
PULP CHAMBER
ROOF OF PULP CAVITY: consists of dentin covering the pulp chamber occlussaly or incisally.
PULP HORN : Accentuation of the roof of pulp chamber directly under a cusp or developmental lobe.
FLOOR OF PULP CHAMBER: runs parallel to the roof and consists of dentin bounding the pulp chamber near cervical area of tooth, particularly dentin forming the furcation area.
CANAL ORIFICES: openings in the floor of pulp chamber leading to the root canals.
ROOT CANALS
Portion of the pulp cavity from the canal orifice to the apical foramen
Divided into 3 section( for convenience)
Coronal third
Middle third
Apical third
The root canal curvature
Straight canal extending with minimal apical curvature
Gradual curvature of canal with straight apical ending
Gradual curvature of entire canal
Sharp curvature of canal near the apex
Success of negotiating narrow curved canal depends on
Degree of curvature
Size and constriction of root canal
Size and flexibility of endodontic instrument blade
Skill of operator
Classification based on canal cross-section
Round/circular
Oval
Long oval
Flattened(flat/ribbon)
Irregular
Vertucci’s Classification
Weine’s Classification
ISTHMUS
A narrow passage or anatomic part connecting two larger structures (root canals)
APICAL FORAMEN
In young incompletely developed teeth the apical foramen is funnel shaped with wider portion extending outward
As root develops the apical foramen becomes narrower
Apical foramen is not the most constricted part of root apex\apical foramen is not always located at the centre of the root apex
LATERAL CANALS AND ACCESSARY FORAMINA
Lateral canals frequently occur in apical third of root
May occur in areas of bifurcation and trifurcation of multirooted teeth
With increasing age, number of accessory foramina reduce due to calcification of contained soft tissue
INFLUENCE OF AGING
METHODS OF DETERMINING PULP ANATOMY
CLINICAL METHODS
Anatomy studies
Radiographs
Explorations
High resolution compound tomography
Visualisation endogram
Fiberoptic endoscope
Magnetic resonance imaging
IN VITRO METHODS
sectioning of teeth
use of dyes
Contrasting media
Scanning electron microscope analysis
VARIATIONS IN INTERNAL ANATOMY
Variations in development
Gemination
Fusion
Concrescence
Taurodontism
Talon’s cusp
Dilaceration
Extra root canal
Dens invaginatus
Dens evaginatus
Maxillary Central Incisor
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Maxillary Canine
Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors
Mandibular Canine
Maxillary First Premolar
Maxillary Second Premolar
The typical second premolar has one
root and one canal and sometimes
has an apical distal curvature.
The Type I canal form is p
Lecture 8 management of patients with orofacial cleftsLama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year First semester
Lecture Name management of patients with orofacial clefts
Lecture 8
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth. It usually occurs in young adults as wisdom teeth are erupting. The inflammation is caused by a buildup of bacteria and debris under the soft tissue covering, called an operculum. Pericoronitis can be acute, with sudden onset of pain, swelling and fever, or chronic with recurring episodes. Treatment involves cleaning the area, using antiseptics and antibiotics if needed. For severe cases, the inflamed tissue may need to be surgically removed or the tooth extracted. Preventing pericoronitis requires early removal of impacted wisdom teeth before eruption or preemptively removing the soft tissue covering.
This document provides an overview of cleft lip and palate, including embryology, classification, anatomy, timing of repair, and surgical techniques. It discusses the formation of clefts during embryonic development and lists common syndromes associated with clefts. Clefts are classified based on location and severity. The document outlines the principles of cleft lip repair and describes several techniques, including the Millard rotation-advancement flap and modifications like the Mohler and Delaire repairs. Prenatal diagnosis and nasoalveolar molding are also covered.
This document summarizes the key radiographic structures seen in dental x-rays of the mandible and maxilla. It describes structures peculiar to each jaw such as the mandibular foramen, mental foramen and lingual foramen in the mandible. In the maxilla it outlines the intermaxillary suture, incisive foramen and maxillary sinus. Common structures like the periodontal ligament space and developing tooth crypts are also defined. Each structure is concisely described and examples are shown through radiographic images to illustrate their appearance on dental x-rays.
Cleft lip and palate are congenital anomalies that require a multidisciplinary team for treatment. They can involve the lip, alveolus, hard and soft palates. Treatment involves a coordinated approach between multiple specialties and begins with surgery to repair the cleft, followed by ongoing dental, orthodontic and reconstructive procedures over many years.
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of the dental crown, including elevations and depressions. It describes various lobes, tubercles, ridges, grooves, fissures, fossae, pits, and sulci that can be found on tooth crowns. Lobes are primary centers of calcification that form cusps, mamelons, and cingulums. Tubercles are localized enamel projections that can occur in various locations. Ridges are linear elevations classified by location. Depressions include developmental and supplemental grooves, central and marginal fissures, fossae in different areas, pits at groove endings, and sulci between cusp inclines. Crypts and sockets also described
Nasal bone fractures are the most common facial trauma because the nose protrudes from the face. A frontal or lateral force can cause a nasal bone fracture depending on the magnitude. There are two main types - depressed fractures which result from a frontal blow causing the nasal bones to collapse inward, and angulated fractures from a lateral force which cause deviation of the nasal bridge. Clinical features include nasal swelling, bruising around the eyes, tenderness, deformity, and occasionally nosebleeds or nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is usually made through physical exam but x-rays can help show the fracture, though may sometimes miss it. Treatment depends on if there is displacement - non-displaced fractures may need no treatment, while displaced
- The document discusses clinical aspects of cleft lip repair, including epidemiology, embryology, surgical anatomy, classification, management, and future directions.
- Cleft lip is the most common craniofacial malformation, occurring in about 1 in 1,000 live births. The rotation-advancement technique developed by Millard is currently the most commonly used repair method.
- The goals of cleft lip repair are to reconstitute lip competence and symmetry while minimizing scar visibility. Proper postoperative care and follow-up are important to monitor for complications and ensure good healing. Fetal surgery and in utero repair may be future areas of development.
Upper airway constiction and its effects on growth & develop /certified fixe...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an introduction to dental anatomy, including the objectives, oral structures, types of teeth, dentition classification, dental formula, numbering systems, tooth anatomy, and surfaces. The key points are:
1. There are four types of teeth - incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Teeth are arranged in the upper and lower jaws.
2. There are two dentition classifications - primary/deciduous and permanent. The permanent dentition has 32 teeth following the dental formula of 2-1-2-3 for each quadrant.
3. Numbering systems identify teeth by quadrant and type, such as the Universal system numbering permanent teeth 1-32 clockwise
The document discusses different types of nasal injuries including nosebleeds and nasal fractures. It provides information on causes, signs and symptoms, and first aid treatment for nosebleeds and nasal fractures. For nosebleeds, it recommends having the person pinch their nose and lean forward to stop bleeding. For nasal fractures, it advises applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, and seeing a doctor for more serious fractures or blocked nasal passages.
This document provides guidance on examining the nose and throat. It describes how to inspect the nose, including shape, deformities, discharge, and speculum examination of the nasal cavities. It also outlines how to assess the nasal airway and palpate for polyps. Regarding the throat exam, it details inspecting the lips, mouth, tonsils, soft palate and assessing hydration. The document provides images and describes inspecting and palpating the parotid glands as well.
This document discusses oral habits such as mouth breathing and provides definitions, classifications, prevalence, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment considerations. Specifically, it defines mouth breathing as habitual breathing through the mouth instead of the nose. It notes that mouth breathing can alter dentofacial growth and affect jaw and tooth positioning. Treatment involves eliminating underlying causes, intercepting the habit through exercises and appliances like oral screens to retrain nasal breathing.
The document summarizes the development of the face, nose, palate, nasal cavities, and pituitary gland from the 4th week of development. It describes how the face develops from 5 mesenchymal prominences that surround the primitive mouth. It then discusses the development of specific structures such as the lips, salivary glands, nose, palate, and nasal cavities from these prominences. The pituitary gland is noted to develop from the ectoderm of the roof of the stomodeum and floor of the diencephalon. Some congenital anomalies are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla develops from the maxillary processes and fuses in the midline. It also discusses palate development including primary and secondary palate formation. The mandible develops from the first pharyngeal arch. The document outlines the anatomy and blood supply of the maxilla and mandible. It also discusses clinical implications such as maxillary sinus augmentation and inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
Tongue thrusting is defined as the forward movement of the tongue between the teeth during swallowing or speech instead of the mature swallow pattern. It can be classified based on its effects and may cause malocclusions like an open bite. Diagnosis involves examining swallow patterns and tongue posture. Treatment depends on the age of the patient and involves myofunctional exercises, appliances to reposition the tongue, and orthodontics or surgery if malocclusion is present. Speech therapy may also be used if a speech defect is associated with the tongue thrusting.
This document discusses the development of the head and neck region in a 4-week old embryo. It notes the presence of 5 mesenchymal prominences - the unpaired frontonasal prominence and paired medial/lateral nasal, maxillary, and mandibular prominences. During the 5th week, the lateral and medial nasal swellings surround the nasal vestige and form parts of the nose, lip, maxilla, and primary palate. The maxillary swellings approach but remain separated from the nasal swellings. Over the next 2 weeks, the face changes as the maxillary swellings compress the medial nasal swellings, fusing to form the upper lip. The document then discusses cleft lip and
1. Cleft lip and palate is a congenital defect caused by the failure of fusion between embryonic processes during lip and palate development.
2. It has a multifactorial etiology including both genetic and environmental factors. The exact cause is often unknown.
3. Cleft lip and palate occurs in about 1 to 2 per 1000 births globally, with varying prevalence across ethnic groups. Classification systems describe the location and extent of the cleft.
Nose_ Mouth_ and Throat--Physical Assessment--Power PointSusie Keepper
This document provides information about examining the nose, mouth, and throat. It begins by describing the functions of the nose, including warming, moistening, and filtering inhaled air. It then discusses examining the nose, including looking for swelling, discharge or foreign bodies. It also describes examining the mouth, including looking for abnormalities like lesions, decay, or gum disease. Common abnormalities seen in the nose, mouth and throat are described, along with images showing examples like periodontal disease, meth mouth, and tonsillitis. Proper techniques for examining the nose, mouth, and throat are also outlined.
The pulp cavity is the central cavity within a tooth and is entirely enclosed by dentin except at apical foramen.
It is divided into:
1. Coronal portion pulp chamber
2. Radicular portion root canal
PULP CHAMBER
ROOF OF PULP CAVITY: consists of dentin covering the pulp chamber occlussaly or incisally.
PULP HORN : Accentuation of the roof of pulp chamber directly under a cusp or developmental lobe.
FLOOR OF PULP CHAMBER: runs parallel to the roof and consists of dentin bounding the pulp chamber near cervical area of tooth, particularly dentin forming the furcation area.
CANAL ORIFICES: openings in the floor of pulp chamber leading to the root canals.
ROOT CANALS
Portion of the pulp cavity from the canal orifice to the apical foramen
Divided into 3 section( for convenience)
Coronal third
Middle third
Apical third
The root canal curvature
Straight canal extending with minimal apical curvature
Gradual curvature of canal with straight apical ending
Gradual curvature of entire canal
Sharp curvature of canal near the apex
Success of negotiating narrow curved canal depends on
Degree of curvature
Size and constriction of root canal
Size and flexibility of endodontic instrument blade
Skill of operator
Classification based on canal cross-section
Round/circular
Oval
Long oval
Flattened(flat/ribbon)
Irregular
Vertucci’s Classification
Weine’s Classification
ISTHMUS
A narrow passage or anatomic part connecting two larger structures (root canals)
APICAL FORAMEN
In young incompletely developed teeth the apical foramen is funnel shaped with wider portion extending outward
As root develops the apical foramen becomes narrower
Apical foramen is not the most constricted part of root apex\apical foramen is not always located at the centre of the root apex
LATERAL CANALS AND ACCESSARY FORAMINA
Lateral canals frequently occur in apical third of root
May occur in areas of bifurcation and trifurcation of multirooted teeth
With increasing age, number of accessory foramina reduce due to calcification of contained soft tissue
INFLUENCE OF AGING
METHODS OF DETERMINING PULP ANATOMY
CLINICAL METHODS
Anatomy studies
Radiographs
Explorations
High resolution compound tomography
Visualisation endogram
Fiberoptic endoscope
Magnetic resonance imaging
IN VITRO METHODS
sectioning of teeth
use of dyes
Contrasting media
Scanning electron microscope analysis
VARIATIONS IN INTERNAL ANATOMY
Variations in development
Gemination
Fusion
Concrescence
Taurodontism
Talon’s cusp
Dilaceration
Extra root canal
Dens invaginatus
Dens evaginatus
Maxillary Central Incisor
Maxillary Lateral Incisor
Maxillary Canine
Mandibular Central and Lateral Incisors
Mandibular Canine
Maxillary First Premolar
Maxillary Second Premolar
The typical second premolar has one
root and one canal and sometimes
has an apical distal curvature.
The Type I canal form is p
Lecture 8 management of patients with orofacial cleftsLama K Banna
Maxillofacial Surgery
Dental Students Fifth Year First semester
Lecture Name management of patients with orofacial clefts
Lecture 8
Al Azhar University Gaza Palestine
Dr. Lama El Banna
Pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues surrounding the crown of a partially erupted tooth. It usually occurs in young adults as wisdom teeth are erupting. The inflammation is caused by a buildup of bacteria and debris under the soft tissue covering, called an operculum. Pericoronitis can be acute, with sudden onset of pain, swelling and fever, or chronic with recurring episodes. Treatment involves cleaning the area, using antiseptics and antibiotics if needed. For severe cases, the inflamed tissue may need to be surgically removed or the tooth extracted. Preventing pericoronitis requires early removal of impacted wisdom teeth before eruption or preemptively removing the soft tissue covering.
This document provides an overview of cleft lip and palate, including embryology, classification, anatomy, timing of repair, and surgical techniques. It discusses the formation of clefts during embryonic development and lists common syndromes associated with clefts. Clefts are classified based on location and severity. The document outlines the principles of cleft lip repair and describes several techniques, including the Millard rotation-advancement flap and modifications like the Mohler and Delaire repairs. Prenatal diagnosis and nasoalveolar molding are also covered.
This document summarizes the key radiographic structures seen in dental x-rays of the mandible and maxilla. It describes structures peculiar to each jaw such as the mandibular foramen, mental foramen and lingual foramen in the mandible. In the maxilla it outlines the intermaxillary suture, incisive foramen and maxillary sinus. Common structures like the periodontal ligament space and developing tooth crypts are also defined. Each structure is concisely described and examples are shown through radiographic images to illustrate their appearance on dental x-rays.
Cleft lip and palate are congenital anomalies that require a multidisciplinary team for treatment. They can involve the lip, alveolus, hard and soft palates. Treatment involves a coordinated approach between multiple specialties and begins with surgery to repair the cleft, followed by ongoing dental, orthodontic and reconstructive procedures over many years.
This document discusses the anatomical landmarks of the dental crown, including elevations and depressions. It describes various lobes, tubercles, ridges, grooves, fissures, fossae, pits, and sulci that can be found on tooth crowns. Lobes are primary centers of calcification that form cusps, mamelons, and cingulums. Tubercles are localized enamel projections that can occur in various locations. Ridges are linear elevations classified by location. Depressions include developmental and supplemental grooves, central and marginal fissures, fossae in different areas, pits at groove endings, and sulci between cusp inclines. Crypts and sockets also described
Nasal bone fractures are the most common facial trauma because the nose protrudes from the face. A frontal or lateral force can cause a nasal bone fracture depending on the magnitude. There are two main types - depressed fractures which result from a frontal blow causing the nasal bones to collapse inward, and angulated fractures from a lateral force which cause deviation of the nasal bridge. Clinical features include nasal swelling, bruising around the eyes, tenderness, deformity, and occasionally nosebleeds or nasal obstruction. Diagnosis is usually made through physical exam but x-rays can help show the fracture, though may sometimes miss it. Treatment depends on if there is displacement - non-displaced fractures may need no treatment, while displaced
- The document discusses clinical aspects of cleft lip repair, including epidemiology, embryology, surgical anatomy, classification, management, and future directions.
- Cleft lip is the most common craniofacial malformation, occurring in about 1 in 1,000 live births. The rotation-advancement technique developed by Millard is currently the most commonly used repair method.
- The goals of cleft lip repair are to reconstitute lip competence and symmetry while minimizing scar visibility. Proper postoperative care and follow-up are important to monitor for complications and ensure good healing. Fetal surgery and in utero repair may be future areas of development.
Upper airway constiction and its effects on growth & develop /certified fixe...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
This document provides an introduction to dental anatomy, including the objectives, oral structures, types of teeth, dentition classification, dental formula, numbering systems, tooth anatomy, and surfaces. The key points are:
1. There are four types of teeth - incisors, canines, premolars, and molars. Teeth are arranged in the upper and lower jaws.
2. There are two dentition classifications - primary/deciduous and permanent. The permanent dentition has 32 teeth following the dental formula of 2-1-2-3 for each quadrant.
3. Numbering systems identify teeth by quadrant and type, such as the Universal system numbering permanent teeth 1-32 clockwise
The document discusses different types of nasal injuries including nosebleeds and nasal fractures. It provides information on causes, signs and symptoms, and first aid treatment for nosebleeds and nasal fractures. For nosebleeds, it recommends having the person pinch their nose and lean forward to stop bleeding. For nasal fractures, it advises applying ice to reduce swelling and pain, and seeing a doctor for more serious fractures or blocked nasal passages.
This document provides guidance on examining the nose and throat. It describes how to inspect the nose, including shape, deformities, discharge, and speculum examination of the nasal cavities. It also outlines how to assess the nasal airway and palpate for polyps. Regarding the throat exam, it details inspecting the lips, mouth, tonsils, soft palate and assessing hydration. The document provides images and describes inspecting and palpating the parotid glands as well.
This document discusses oral habits such as mouth breathing and provides definitions, classifications, prevalence, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment considerations. Specifically, it defines mouth breathing as habitual breathing through the mouth instead of the nose. It notes that mouth breathing can alter dentofacial growth and affect jaw and tooth positioning. Treatment involves eliminating underlying causes, intercepting the habit through exercises and appliances like oral screens to retrain nasal breathing.
The document summarizes the development of the face, nose, palate, nasal cavities, and pituitary gland from the 4th week of development. It describes how the face develops from 5 mesenchymal prominences that surround the primitive mouth. It then discusses the development of specific structures such as the lips, salivary glands, nose, palate, and nasal cavities from these prominences. The pituitary gland is noted to develop from the ectoderm of the roof of the stomodeum and floor of the diencephalon. Some congenital anomalies are also briefly mentioned.
The document discusses the development of the maxilla and mandible. It describes how the maxilla develops from the maxillary processes and fuses in the midline. It also discusses palate development including primary and secondary palate formation. The mandible develops from the first pharyngeal arch. The document outlines the anatomy and blood supply of the maxilla and mandible. It also discusses clinical implications such as maxillary sinus augmentation and inferior alveolar nerve blocks.
There are several procedures there after implant placement known as implant prosthetics...they are abutment preparation, impression making,jaw relation,framework try-in, semi trial, cementation...........
Surgical orthodontics ii /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian den...Indian dental academy
This document discusses surgical procedures for correcting various maxillary deficiencies. It describes LeFort I, II, and III osteotomies for advancing or repositioning the maxilla. Specific deficiencies discussed in detail include maxillary anteroposterior deficiency, excess, vertical deficiency, and combinations thereof. For each, the document outlines characteristic facial and dental features, differential diagnosis, presurgical orthodontics, surgical technique including grafting and fixation considerations, and postsurgical orthodontic treatment. Risk factors for relapse after LeFort I advancement are also examined based on a retrospective study. The document provides an in-depth overview of surgical orthodontic treatment approaches for correcting various maxillary skeletal discrepancies.
1. Cleft palate is a birth abnormality where the roof of the mouth is not completely formed, leaving an opening that can extend into the nasal cavity.
2. Problems associated with cleft palate include feeding and speech difficulties, ear infections, hearing loss, and dental problems.
3. Prosthetic treatment for cleft palate involves obturators made of acrylic, silicone, or other materials that are attached to dentures to close the opening in the roof of the mouth.
Developm of head and neck prof hosam 1440 copysallamahmed1
The document discusses the development of the pharyngeal arches, pouches, and clefts in humans. It notes that there are 6 pharyngeal arches which give rise to important structures like bones, muscles, blood vessels and nerves. The 4 pharyngeal pouches form structures such as the tonsils, thymus gland, and parathyroid glands. The pharyngeal clefts normally disappear but remnants can lead to congenital anomalies like branchial cysts or fistulas. In summary, the document outlines the embryonic development of the pharyngeal system and some associated congenital defects.
The document discusses guidelines for analyzing facial proportions and features, including taking multiple photos from different angles, examining highlights and shadows, using a magnifying glass, and dividing the face into thirds. It provides measurements for facial features and their relationships based on an idealized standard of beauty, such as the nose being equal in length to the distance from the hairline to eyebrows. The goal is to understand facial structure and symmetry for tasks like forensic reconstruction.
The document discusses guidelines for analyzing facial proportions and features, including taking multiple photos from different angles, examining highlights and shadows, using a magnifying glass, and dividing the face into thirds. It provides measurements for facial features and their relationships based on an idealized standard of beauty, such as the nose being equal in length to the distance from the hairline to eyebrows. The goal is to understand facial structure and symmetry for tasks like forensic reconstruction.
This document discusses mouth breathing habit in children. [1] It defines mouth breathing as prolonged exposure of the anterior mouth tissues to inspired air. [2] Mouth breathing can be obstructive, anatomic, or habitual. Common causes include nasal obstruction from enlarged turbinates, deviated septum, allergies, or enlarged adenoids. [3] Clinical features include effects on facial form like a long narrow face, dental defects like retroclined incisors and crossbites, and speech defects like a nasal voice. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exam including lip competence and nasal size/shape, and tests like mirror test. Management focuses on eliminating causes, symptomatic treatment, and intercepting habits through
This document discusses the anatomy and considerations for prosthodontics related to the tongue. It begins with an introduction and overview of the development, anatomy, histology, applied anatomy, anomalies, and prosthodontic reconstruction of the tongue. The anatomy section describes the parts and surfaces of the tongue, including the papillae and muscles. It also discusses the vascular supply, lymphatic drainage and nerve innervation. The prosthodontic section notes considerations for impressions, tongue size and position, teeth setting, and the role of the tongue in denture retention. It describes the use of a mandibular tongue prosthesis for reconstructed patients.
In this PPT description of various basic instruments, anterior rhinoscopy, Posterior rhinoscopy, septum examination, nasal valve patency examination, paranasal sinus examination, etc.
The document discusses naso-orbito-ethmoidal (NOE) fractures, which involve the central upper midface region. It describes the anatomy and classification of NOE fractures. Markowitz classification system categorizes NOE fractures into 5 types based on the status of the central bony fragment and involvement of the medial canthal tendon. Type I and II fractures involve a single or displaced central fragment with an intact tendon. Type III fractures have comminution beneath the tendon. Imaging such as CT is important for diagnosis.
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The document discusses the anatomy and development of several oral structures, including the tongue, teeth, facial development in embryos, and cleft lip and palate conditions. It describes the various papillae and glands of the tongue, the structures that make up teeth, the processes involved in embryonic facial development, and classifications of cleft lip and palate. The document is authored by Dr. Brian E. Esporlas and appears to be notes for a class or presentation on oral anatomy and development.
Cleft lip and palate abnormalities occur when certain facial structures fail to fuse properly during embryonic development between the fifth and seventh weeks. This can result in openings in the lip and roof of the mouth. Clefts may involve just the lip, just the palate, or both. They can range from mild to severe. Early surgery is aimed at restoring normal anatomy, but long-term management may also include hearing, speech, dental, and orthodontic care.
Cleft lip and palate abnormalities occur when certain facial structures fail to fuse properly during embryonic development between the fifth and seventh weeks. This can result in openings in the lip and roof of the mouth. Clefts may involve just the lip, just the palate, or both. They can range from mild to severe. Early surgery is aimed at restoring normal anatomy, but long-term management may also include hearing, speech, dental, and orthodontic care.
Cleft lip and palate occur due to the failure of fusion between the medial nasal processes and maxillary processes during embryonic development between the 5th and 7th week of gestation. This results in an opening in the lip and/or roof of the mouth. Cleft lip alone affects 15% of cases, cleft lip and palate affects 45% of cases, and isolated cleft palate affects 40% of cases. The causes are both genetic and environmental, with genetics accounting for 20-30% of non-syndromic clefts. Treatment involves surgical repair of the cleft and management of associated feeding issues, speech/language delays, dental abnormalities, and ear infections.
This document discusses accounting for receivables and payables. It covers several topics: selling goods on credit and establishing accounts receivable; methods for recognizing bad debts such as direct write-off, net sales, and aging of accounts; extending credit and promissory notes; interest bearing notes; and transferring or discounting notes. The key points are that credit sales create accounts receivable, bad debts are expenses, promissory notes convert obligations to notes payable/receivable, interest is calculated on notes, and notes can be transferred or discounted for immediate cash.
This document discusses adjusting, closing, and reversing entries in accounting. It explains that adjusting entries are journal entries recorded to properly reflect account balances for a specific period. There are two types of adjusting entries: accruals and deferrals. Accruals recognize expenses incurred or revenues earned during a period, even if not paid or received. Deferrals postpone expense or revenue recognition between periods. The document provides examples of accrued expenses, accrued revenues, and deferred revenues and explains how to record the related adjusting entries.
The document discusses different types of wax used in funeral services, including their characteristics and uses. There are firm, medium, and soft waxes. Firm wax is used to fill large cavities and model facial features. Medium wax is softer and used for more shallow restorations. Soft wax can be applied in a thin layer for minor abrasions. Different waxes are suited for various reconstruction needs depending on environmental temperature and the depth of work required. Cosmetics may be applied under, mixed with, or over wax to achieve natural skin tones.
This document discusses modeling techniques for restoration work. It emphasizes the importance of accurate measurements of features' location, size, and form. Measurements should be taken frequently to avoid distortion. Careful attention to a feature's profile and viewing it from different angles is important. Early in the process, achieving accurate dimensions is key rather than smoothing surfaces. Surface details like pores and wrinkles make the restoration more realistic. Taking breaks helps maintain accuracy.
This document discusses adjusting entries in accounting. It explains that adjusting entries are journal entries recorded to properly reflect account balances for a specific accounting period. There are two types of adjusting entries: accruals and deferrals.
Accruals recognize expenses that have been incurred or revenues that have been earned but not yet recorded. Examples given include recognizing unpaid rent and supplies expenses. Deferrals postpone the recognition of revenues or expenses between accounting periods. Examples include deferring prepaid rent and unearned revenue. The document provides detailed explanations, examples, and practice exercises of adjusting entry concepts.
This document discusses modeling techniques for restoration work. It emphasizes the importance of accurate measurements of features' location, size, and form. Measurements should be taken frequently to avoid distortion. Careful attention to a feature's profile and viewing it from different angles is important. Early in the process, achieving accurate dimensions is key rather than smoothing surfaces. Surface details like pores and wrinkles make the restoration more realistic. Taking breaks helps maintain accuracy.
The document describes the anatomy of the external ear, nose, and mouth. It discusses the major structures of each, including the helix, antihelix, lobes of the ear. For the nose it discusses the dorsum, root, bridge, nostrils. For the mouth it discusses the lips, mucous membranes and how to close or treat issues with the mouth. It provides treatment options for distortions, injuries or conditions that may affect the appearance of each structure.
The document discusses different types of wax used in funeral services, including their characteristics and uses. There are firm, medium, and soft waxes. Firm wax is used to fill large cavities and model facial features. Medium wax is softer and used for more shallow restorations. Soft wax can be applied in a thin layer for minor abrasions. Different waxes are suited for various reconstruction needs depending on environmental temperature and the depth of work required. Cosmetics may be applied under, mixed with, or over wax to achieve natural skin tones.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Kat...rightmanforbloodline
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TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
TEST BANK For Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, 14th Edition by Bertram G. Katzung, Verified Chapters 1 - 66, Complete Newest Version.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
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Osteoporosis - Definition , Evaluation and Management .pdfJim Jacob Roy
Osteoporosis is an increasing cause of morbidity among the elderly.
In this document , a brief outline of osteoporosis is given , including the risk factors of osteoporosis fractures , the indications for testing bone mineral density and the management of osteoporosis
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
2.
The Organ of hearing consisting of the
external ear, middle ear, and internal ear.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
3.
Helix
The outer rim of the ear has the general shape of
a question mark. It begins superior to the lobe
and ends by attaching to the cheek
Scapha
The fossa between the inner and outer rims of
the ear. It is the shallowest depression of the
ear.
Antihelix
The inner rim of the ear. It starts at the superior
border of the lobe and continues upward until it
ends by becoming the crura. It forms the
superior -and posterior walls of the concha.
(C) 2012 Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
4.
Crura
The superior and anterior bifurcating branches
of the antihelix
Triangular Fossa
Depression between the crura. The second
deepest depression of the ear.
Concha
Concave shell of the ear; the deepest depression
of the ear located posterior and superior to the
ear passage
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
5.
Tragus
An elevation protecting the ear passage. Arises
from the posterior margin of the lateral cheek.
Antitragus
A small eminence obliquely opposite the tragus.
Located on the superior border of the lobe of the
ear.
Intertragic Notch
A notch or opening between the tragus and the
antitragus of the ear
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
6.
Lobe
The inferior fatty 1/3 of the ear; most inferior
part of the ear. Attaches to the cheek
Crus
The origin of the helix that is flattened and ends
in the concha.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
7.
The prominent organ of smell located in the
center or middle 1/3 of the face. It is the
beginning of the respiratory tract and is
triangular or pyramidal in shape.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
8.
Leptorrhine
A classification given to a nose that is long,
narrow, and high bridged – common to
individuals of Western European descent.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
9.
Platyrrhine
A classification that is given to a nose that it
short, broad, and has a minimum of projection;
common to individuals of African descent.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
10.
Mesorrhine
A classification given to a nose that is medium
broad and medium low bridged; predominant
among people of Asian descent.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
12.
Convex
Roman, Aquiline, or hooked. Curved, as the beak
of an eagle, a nose that has a hook as seen from a
profile; may exhibit a hump in the bridge.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
13.
Concave
Snub, pug, infantine, or retrousse. Characterized
by a dip in the bridge and turned up at the end.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
14.
Nasal Bones
The paired nasal bones are inferior to the
glabella, forming a dome over the superior
portion of the nasal cavity
Nasal Cavity
The orifice in the bony face bounded by the
margins of the nasal bones and the maxilla.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
15.
Nasal Spine of the Maxilla
The sharp, bony projection located medially at
the inferior margin of the nasal cavity. This
indicates the bony length of the nose.
Major Cartilages
Septum and superior lateral cartilages
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
16.
Dorsum
The anterior protruding ridge of the nose
extending from root to tip. It includes the bridge.
Root
The apex (top) of the pyramidal mass of the
nose, which lies directly inferior to the forehead.
The concave dip inferior to the forehead.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
17.
Bridge
Dome over the nasal cavity. Point of greatest
projection. The arched portion of the nose
supported by the nasal bones.
Wings
Lateral Lobes of the nose. The widest part of the
nose bordered by the nasal sulcus and anterior
nares.
Columna Nasi
The fleshy termination of the nasal septum at
the base of the nose located between the
nostrils. The most inferior part of the nose.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
18.
Anterior Nares
External nostril openings.
Sides of the Nose
Lateral walls of the nose located between the
wings of the nose and bridge. They recede
laterally from the dorsum.
Protruding lobe of the nose
The rounded anterior projection of the tip of the
nose.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
19.
Distortion
A state of being twisted or pushed out of natural
shape or position.
A nose can be distorted by cancer, superficial
pressure, or by fractures.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
20.
Cancer in one cheek can pull the nose to the
opposite side due to natural tension of
muscles.
Treatment
Correct with sutures to pull back into place.
Temporary suture to hold in place while
embalming, excise tumor, remove temporary
sutures then suture permanently into place.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
21. May occur if deceased was in a prone position,
result of embalming improperly, or the result of
some type of facial covering.
Treatment
Mortuary Putty, non-absorbent cotton, or other
packing material inserted into the nares.
For minor distortion, light massage or pressure
against the distorted side during embalming
may be sufficient.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
22.
Treatment
If skin intact, fractured nasal bones may be
externally manipulated back into position.
Nasal cavity is then packed with putty, nonabsorbent cotton, or other packing material.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
23.
This may be result of a tube or other medical
device that was in the nares for an extended
period of time.
Treatment
Tissue must be clean, firm, and dry.
Necrotic Tissue excised
Wax may be used for this restoration.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
24.
The Cavity in which mastication takes place.
It is the beginning of the alimentary canal.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
25.
Maxillary
The superior jaw protrudes
Mandibular
The inferior jaw protrudes
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
Example of Maxillary
Prognathism
26.
Dental
Oblique insertion of the teeth; front teeth
protrude
Alveolar
Sockets of the teeth are inclined.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
27.
Contact family to determine if they wish to
show or not show the teeth
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
28.
Clean visible teeth. Use an abrasive
toothpaste or something like Comet/Borax
Dry teeth well
You may wish to paint the teeth with a clear
nail polish
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
29.
Mouth is closed using normal methods in a
non-visible location.
Use an adhesive for any areas of the mouth
that need to be closed.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
30.
Close the mouth using normal methods.
Treating the lips to bring them close
together is done prior to arterial injection
Cover area in Massage Cream
before/during/after embalming to prevent
dehydration
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
31.
You may need to use a mouth former to
assist you.
You may also use very coarse sandpaper cut into
proper shape
Both lips can be stretched and then sutured
closed.
You may need to cut the upper and lower
frenulum.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
32.
Sutures can be made along the margin of the
weather line. Use soft wax to hide along line
of closure.
Wet cotton slings can be used during
embalming to help keep lips closed.
Some embalmers use straight pins but this is
not recommended by your instructor
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
33.
Dislocate the lower jaw. This is not
recommended by your instructor. If you
elect this, get permission in WRITING.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
34.
Remove teeth. Get this in writing. Hire the
proper person to extract the teeth (Dentist)
or have a family member do it. FD/EMBs are
not qualified for teeth extraction.
Lips will need to be clean, dry, and free of
massage cream when using any adhesive.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
35.
Superior Integumentary Lip
The area between the base of the nose and the
superior margin of the superior mucous
membrane.
Inferior Integumentary Lip
That area between the inferior margin of the
inferior mucous membrane and the mental
eminence.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
36.
Mucous Membrane
The visible red surfaces of the lips; the lining of
the membrane of body cavities that open to the
exterior.
Superior Mucous Membrane (Upper lip)
The upper margin has the shape of the classic
hunting bow. The medial lobe is found in the
center of the membrane. Narrows laterally as it
disappears before reaching the end of the line of
closure. Contains two high peaks slightly off
center on either side of the dipping curve.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
37.
Inferior Mucous Membrane (Lower Lip)
Is thicker than the superior mucous membrane.
Lies posterior to the upper mucous membrane.
Weather Line
The line of color change at the junction of the
wet and dry portions of the mucous membranes.
The area where adhesive is applied to keep the
lips closed.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
38.
Medial Lobe
The tiny prominence on the midline of the
superior mucous membrane.
Lines of Closure
The line that forms between the two mucous
membranes when the mouth is closed and the
lips come in contact with each other. Usually
located at the lower border of the upper teeth.
Has the shape of a classic hunting bow.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
39.
Expression changes after embalming
You may need to make a change because of
something you are not satisfied with or the
family may request you to make a change.
This is usually something incorrect with the
eyes, nose mouth, or cosmetics.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
40.
Subtract or add filling material
Loosen or tighten injector needles.
If too tight wrinkles will form on upper
integumentary lip.
If too loose there may be a frown like
appearance.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
41.
Inject Tissue Building into the angulus oris
eminences or the nasolabial folds.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
42.
To make the mouth look shorter due to
overstretching by articulation, gravity, or
loss of muscle firmness
Ends of mouth closure are same level as center
of eye
Fill in line of closure with wax
Use cosmetic to hide wax
Lip coloring may also be applied
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
43.
Lip cosmetic may be applied to make the
mucous membranes appear fuller or
narrower
If they are not as full, use tissue builder via
hypodermic injection
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
44.
Change lip color or the amount of color that
is used, this may be the only problem.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
45.
Close mouth using normal methods. Be
careful about ensuring proper alignment –
not too tight or too loose.
Recreate natural form of mouth using
cotton, mastic, or mouth former.
The mouth former may be placed on top of the
wax, cotton, or mastic.
Lips are then sealed shut with an adhesive
behind the weather line.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
46. Ensure lips are dry
Apply adhesive behind weather line
Allow a few moments for adhesive to dry
Bring lips together and hold for a few moments,
then release.
Use solvent for any visible excess
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
47.
The organ of vision, which occupies the
anterior part of the orbital cavity.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
48.
Superior Palpebrae (upper eyelid)
The upper lid is wider than the lower lid.
Vertically it is nearly three times as large as the
lower lid. When naturally closed, it covers the
cornea. The lower margin is what forms the line
of eye closure. The point of greatest projection
for the closed eye is just off center medially.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
49.
Inferior Palpebrae (lower eyelid)
The lower lid is narrowed and thinner than the
upper lid. It follows the eyeball and inclines
from the line of closure. The upper lid overlaps
the lower lid at the lateral end of the lower lid.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
50.
Line of eye closure
The line that forms between the two eyelids
when they are closed, and which marks their
place of contact with each other. Occurs in the
lower third of the eye socket as a dipping curve.
The upper lid covers two thirds and the lower
lid, one third. The lateral end is inferior and
posterior to the medial end. The two lids abut
when they close but do not overlap.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
51.
Nasal Orbital Fossa
A triangular concave depression superior to the
medial portion of the superior palpebrae.
Superior Orbital Area
Region between the supercilium and the
superior palpebrae. Composed of muscle and
fat, and it is deepest near the root of the nose.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
52.
Inner Canthus
Small Elevation extending medially and
obliquely from the medial corner of the superior
palpebrae. There are no eyelashes here.
Cilia
Eyelashes – the fringe of hair edging the eyelids.
Irregular in length and spacing with cilia at the
end of the line of eye closure. The cilia on the
upper lid turn up and on the lower lid turn
down.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
53.
Supercilium
Eyebrows – hair that grows up and outward and
is unequal in length. It is denser near the
glabella.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
54.
Sunken Eyes
Inject Tissue Builder into the fatty tissue located
beneath the eyeball in the eye socket.
Some embalmers inject mortuary putty instead
of tissue builder.
Some embalmers will place cotton or wax under
an eye cap to raise the level of the eye
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
55.
Discolored Lids
Black eyes are also known as Ecchymosis
Same treatment for any discoloration on the
face
Apply a bleaching compress externally
Inject bleaching agent hypodermically with
smallest needle possible
Attempt to cover with opaque cosmetic
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
56.
Wrinkled Eyelids
Cover entire eyelid with wax and reproduce
markings
Excise part of the eyelid with wrinkles and
reproduce with wax
Massage eyelid with massage cream and electric
spatula
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
57.
Protruding Eyes
If eye is swollen, apply digital pressure and/or
cotton and water compress
If caused by gas or fluid in the cranial cavity
Insert trocar into one of the nares
Forced through cribiform plate
Aspirate cranial cavity
Cavity fluid is injected
Cotton with cavity fluid is used to seal the trocar
opening and nares
You may also use wax/mastic instead of cotton to seal
hole.
If necessary, surgically extract the eyeball.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
58.
Lacerated Eyelids
Apply Massage cream to laceration and
surrounding area.
Inject arterial solution normally
After embalming dry lacerations and glue closed
Apply wax, if necessary
Radical Treatment: Excise eyelid and recreate in
wax.
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
59.
Separated Eyelid
Use an eye cap – remove any cotton or wax that
may be in the eye cavity unless you were
recreating an eye.
Glue lid in proper position
Stretch eyelid using aneurysm hooks or forceps
Excise levator palpebrae superioris muscle
Excise entire eyelid and recreate out of wax
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro
60.
Swollen Orbital Pouch
Also known as “bags under the eyes”
Apply direct digital pressure and/or cotton
compress
Apply compress during arterial injection
Apply massage cream and massage with electric
spatula
Aspirate with hypodermic needle. Seal opening
with super glue
(C) 2012 - Professor Joseph Finocchiaro