1) Kenya's budget is Sh. 2.1 trillion but only Sh. 800 billion is expected to be collected in taxes, leaving a Sh. 1.3 trillion gap that must be filled by an already struggling populace.
2) Rising oil prices are used to increase the costs of all other goods and services in Kenya, worsening economic conditions for ordinary citizens and businesses.
3) The entire budget is unrealistic and not backed by economic indicators, relying on inflated GDP figures despite a steady economic decline in key sectors like agriculture and widespread unemployment. Resources are not properly allocated or audited, with massive amounts going to internal security and the powerful planning ministry.
Building the Circular Flow of Income & Spendingtutor2u
This revision presentation helps students develop their understanding of the Circular Flow of Income & Spending. It builds the circular flow step-by-step and then provides examples of the circular flow in action. An essential revision presentation for a core macroeconomic concept.
Building the Circular Flow of Income & Spendingtutor2u
This revision presentation helps students develop their understanding of the Circular Flow of Income & Spending. It builds the circular flow step-by-step and then provides examples of the circular flow in action. An essential revision presentation for a core macroeconomic concept.
Richard Woolhouse, Senior Economist at Centre for Cities, delivered this presentation at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009 in Sutton Coldfield, UK. Richard looks at the global recession, government debt, how the recession has impacted different cities and areas of the UK differently, and regional unemployment rates in the UK.
Balance of payments review 1955 - Could the Balance of Payments deficit threa...John Ashcroft
The Saturday Economist, Special Report. In 2013, overseas investment income collapsed, the current account deficit slumped to over 4% of GDP. This happened in 1974 and 1989 when base rates were hiked to 12% and 14% to offset the deficit. Could it happen again, here is the report, check out the slides.
WWICS is one of the most known Immigration consultancy which only thinks about the welfare of people. Here there was a discussion about U.K and Canada Immigration issues. There are only some people who thinks about the good of the people.
Indian Customs Data,India trade data,India Port Data India Export Import Data & shipment records .Get Top Importers Exporters list of India, India Import Data ,India Export Data
Government deficit and debt - Canada - November 2016 analysispaul young cpa, cga
This presentation looks at government spending and debt. The presentation will look at deficits as well as taxation.
The presentation will also highlight what has happen during the various fiscal management cycles for the government of Canada
Richard Woolhouse, Senior Economist at Centre for Cities, delivered this presentation at the West Midlands Regional Observatory's Annual Conference, 20th October 2009 in Sutton Coldfield, UK. Richard looks at the global recession, government debt, how the recession has impacted different cities and areas of the UK differently, and regional unemployment rates in the UK.
Balance of payments review 1955 - Could the Balance of Payments deficit threa...John Ashcroft
The Saturday Economist, Special Report. In 2013, overseas investment income collapsed, the current account deficit slumped to over 4% of GDP. This happened in 1974 and 1989 when base rates were hiked to 12% and 14% to offset the deficit. Could it happen again, here is the report, check out the slides.
WWICS is one of the most known Immigration consultancy which only thinks about the welfare of people. Here there was a discussion about U.K and Canada Immigration issues. There are only some people who thinks about the good of the people.
Indian Customs Data,India trade data,India Port Data India Export Import Data & shipment records .Get Top Importers Exporters list of India, India Import Data ,India Export Data
Government deficit and debt - Canada - November 2016 analysispaul young cpa, cga
This presentation looks at government spending and debt. The presentation will look at deficits as well as taxation.
The presentation will also highlight what has happen during the various fiscal management cycles for the government of Canada
Budget 2013--Response by Rt Hon Said Musapupbelize
A debate on the budget is an opportune time to review the state of the Belizean economy and the state we are in as a country 31 years after we achieved political independence as a nation.
The Barrow Administration came into office in 2008 with great promise. They promised a 6% annual growth after inheriting an economy that had more than doubled to $2.5 billion dollars in goods and services under the PUP government (1998-2008). During the PUP years, the annual average growth rate was 5%. Even if we take account of the 5% GDP growth in 2012 claimed by the Prime Minister, the average growth rate for their five years is 2.6%.
Madam Speaker
In A Tale of Two Cities, Charles Dickens opens with:
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way...”
So too is the present time. As a country, we stand at a crossroads. We can choose a path of hope; or a path of despair. We can go directly to Heaven, or as Dickens so politely puts it, we can go the other way.
1Running Head COLOMBIA Colombia Economi.docxherminaprocter
1
Running Head: COLOMBIA
Colombia
Economic Growth and Development
Introduction to Colombian Economy
The Colombian Economy has been growing exponentially over the last ten years, because of the confidence and business ventures that the investors have found in this emerging market. In recent years, foreign investors have seen Colombia as an emerging destination for more secure investments.
The economy is expected to speed up quickly this year on raised oil prices, which should incease investment in the extractive sector. Proposed construction projects and rising investor confidence stemming from reduced political uncertainty should help lift growth. Duque’s plans to slash corporate taxes, however, could present challenges in meeting the fiscal target, unless they are offset with new sources of revenue. Colombia expects a GDP to grow 2.7% in 2018, which is up 0.1 percentage points from last month’s forecast, and 3.1% in 2019.
According to a report by PwC, Colombia is one of the countries with the best economic outlooks for the next 35 years, thanks to an increase in investment and improvements in education and technological development.
Colombia offers an attractive business environment by:
· Strengthening the macroeconomic variables together with a dynamic economic performance. The GDP per capita has doubled over the last decade, going from USD 5.826 in 2000 to USD 10.350 in 2012.
· A dynamic domestic market, being the 23rd largest population of the world and the second most populous Spanish-speaking population.
· It is the third most business-friendly and the leading reforming country in Latin America.
Growth is expected to strengthen gradually over the 2018-2020 period, with growth accelerating to 2.7 percent in 2018, and further to 3.6 percent by 2020, supported by higher oil prices, stronger private sector demand, and a pick-up in implementation of the 4G infrastructure
program.
2017
Population (million)
49.3
GDP per capita (USD)
6,377
GDP (USD bn)
314
Economic Growth (GDP, annual variation in %)
1.8
Domestic Demand (annual variation in %)
1.8
Consumption (annual variation in %)
2.2
Investment (annual variation in %)
0.1
Industrial Production (annual variation in %)
Unemployment Rate
Public Debt (% of GDP)
43.0
-0.6
9.4
Foreign Trade Performance and The Use of Trade Restrictions
Of Colombia’s National GDP of $6,377 USD per capita, 35% of that was from Foreign Trade which equals $2,231.95 USD per capita, with the average being 31.38% since 2012. For an economy to rely this much on foreign trade it needs to have relationships and powerful training partners in order for them to stay afloat. Colombia has trade agreements with The Andean Community which allows for free trade between Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela until they decided to leave. Colombia is also in talks about a Free Trade Agreement with Turkey and Japan. When talking about bilateral trade agreements, they have a few with nations like Switzerland, Per.
That Nigeria’s economy would be in a dire strait in 2009 is no longer news; not with the fall in the price of petrol in the international market and the much talked about and already pinching global economic meltdown.
We have identified seven sectors that foreign investors should consider putting their money even as Merrill Lynch endorsed Nigeria as one of the safest countries for foreign investment in the entire world.
1. FROM THE FRYING PAN DIPS
THE KENYA ECONOMY
To call it chaotic would be over-simplification of a grave matter. The budget is Sh. 2.1 trillion. What is
available or expected through taxation is just Sh. 800 billion. Sh. 1.3 trillion has to be milked from a
people who are jobless, under-employed or pinned down by inflation.
We always suspected it, and it has come to reality that the slump in international oil prices would be
usedto make a killingchargingKenyansevenmore onoil.Andwhenthe oil pricesgo up,all other goods
have to do the same given production and transport consideration. In fact there is no longer need to
increase the price of everything these days. You just do the oil and you have the money rolling in.
What is unfortunate is the impact on the ordinary people and employers, finally the entire economic
growth.Thisis especiallysonowthatthe price of goodsand servicesskyrocket, as well as the taxes and
interestratesonloans. Employers will not be able to employ more people under these straits and the
government itself ceased to employ people 2 ½ years back. A country that narrows the employment
base does the same for its tax base as well.
The entire budget estimate is a hoax. It is like going to the bank and asking for a loan three times the
value of yoursecurityor worth.It isa signof financial indiscipline onthe part of the government and its
operatives. Whodo they want to impress with fictitious estimates and figures? It is great to think big,
but in financial matters it must be backed by indicators on the ground and factual projections.
Thenthere isthe fraudulentclaimthatthe country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has grown from Sh.
3.5 trillion in 2013 to Sh. 5.4 trillion currently. In 2012 – 13 estimates turnober was Sh. 950 billion but
2. the economy has been on a steady decline making this year’s projection by the treasury be Sh. 800
billion. How then can GDP have risen in the same period to Sh. 5.4 trillion without any windfall in the
formof majoreconomicprogrammes?Realityof the situationisthatGDP has shrunkfromSh.3.5 trillion
to Sh.3 trilliongiventhe declineinagricultural productionandmassunemployment.Sowithabudgetof
Sh. 2.2 trillion we must be surely faking things up.
But thenif we were tradingwithgenuine partnersthe rise inGDPcouldall be possible.Butthe reality of
trade with China is that your industries do not benefit in any way as they import all the raw materials
they use, including cement, shovels, brooms, name it. They don’t even rent your premises and live in
containers or camps, eating food only they themselves know of. Our engineers do not get consulting
jobs as they do everything, from feasibility studies, drawing plans and implementation.
Kenyan leaders approach the Chinese like beggars, without using their technical experts to evaluate
projects,setstandards,specificationsandparameterswithinwhichtodeliver.Soarailways line inferior
to that builtforEthiopiaandisshorterwe are changed three times the rate the Ethiopians pay. Maybe
the Chinese include the kickbacks for leaders since they can’t be so unreasonable in an international
deal. So Thika Highway had to be repaired in the first year of its operation.
The foreignexchange earners,the tea,coffee,tourismanddisaporaremittanceswill contributeSh.400b
of the expected Sh. 800 billion turnover. Taxation will take care of the balance as we grapple will loan
repayment,notablythe Eurobondthatrecued uslastyear.AsKenyansstruggle to make ends meet, the
big guys at the top will reap rewards skimming the budget allocations. Of the Sh. 800 billion expected
from the tax payer, more than a quarter of it, Sh. 220b, will go to one Ministry of Internal Security. We
know we have had terrorist attacks all over the place. But why make a kill because of it? Money alone
withoutgoodplanningandcommitmentcannotstopthe terrorists.The internalsecuritydocketiswhere
moneyliesbecause theirexpenditureisnotaudited.Devolutionandplanningministryheadedbythe all
3. powerful ministerAnnWaiguruisgivenSh.280 billion.DevolutionandInternal Security alone consume
Sh. 500 billion, leaving out only Sh. 300 billion for the rest.
In Waiguru’sministry,awhoppingsh.25 billionissetaside for a mere sub-section in a department, the
National YouthService (NYS).Inany case the Central Bank of Kenya has just placed under spotlight the
misuse of publicfundsatthe National YouthService (NYS) runningintohundredsof millions of shillings.
The CBK states that the questionable payments have been made to the following; Bora Global Ltd,
TranscendMedia Group, Things of Desire, Tunasco Instaat, Alpha Mercantile and the consulting house
of the Jubilee alliance political scientist Mr. Mutahi Ngunyi. Now that a whole Sh. 25 billion is at their
disposal, the gravy train is really on.
On a seriousnote the National YouthService whichenjoysthe planningservicesof Mr. Mutahi Ngunyi,is
a quarter millionstrongparamilitarybodyof mostlyyoungKikuyu’swhoare trained and heavily funded
by the Chinese.Theyare supposed to be sent to all parts of the country to complement regular forces,
especiallyduringriotoussituationsakintothose of 2007 – 8, where Kikuyuswereprofiledandpunished.
That is good for political scheming, but on the economic front there are no signs of let-up. We are
jumping from the frying pan into the fire as others make hay. Taxation in Kenya is like a form of
punishmentinwhichpeople are punishedfortrading, working and even living. It is punishment in that
you pay tax but get nothing in turn by way of improved services or responsible treatment. You pay
double byaddinga bribe ontop of the tax. And often you still fail to get the right thing you want. After
that youface the highprices,transport,rent,school fees.In certain counties they add a tax for keeping
hens, dogs, or even burying a dead family member.
BY: FREDERICK OWINO OYARO
EMAIL: frederickoyaro@gmail.com