From SILENT SPRING By Rachel Carson
A FABLE FOR TOMORROW
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its
surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of
orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch
set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer
silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings. Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder,
great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through much of the year.
Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on
the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and
variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from
great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and
contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised
their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.
Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the
community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere
was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become
more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and
unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play
and die within a few hours.
There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example where had they gone? Many people spoke of them,
puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were
moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once
throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now
no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to
raise any pigs the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into
bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit.
The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept
by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even ...
MBA672N700 – Spring 2016When Genius Failed AssignmentIn a se.docxARIV4
MBA672N700 – Spring 2016
When Genius Failed Assignment
In a seven to ten page essay (at least 7 pages but no more than 10 pages excluding transmittal page, title page, references, notes, bibliography), and beginning with the standard Transmittal page on page two of this this assignment, describe the journey of Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) from its inception to the ultimate end, the lessons that should be learned from this and apply those lessons to current day finance. Use the outline/questions/statements below to guide you. The form of the essay should not be “question and answer” format, but a prose report on what happened at LTCM, why it happened and its effects, or lack of effect, on the financial markets then and now and your opinion on these events. I will be looking for you to address the information from the guidance below, but you may include additional points. The report should be submitted as a Word document, double spaced, 12 point, Arial font with one inch margins. All footnotes, references and bibliography shall be on separate pages at the end of the report. You must use at least one source outside of this course – remember Wikipedia is NOT considered a valid source at Marist. Be sure to reference pages from “When Genius Failed” or the textbook, if used. Proofread the papers – do not rely on autocorrect.
Grading will be based upon how well you present and support your discussion in a clear and concise manner. I expect to see a solid, intelligent essay with smooth transitions from one point to the next.
Include information on the following:
Describe in detail what LTCM’s initial investment strategy was and how they expected to profit from it. Be specific.
Describe financial leverage and give a concrete example of how leverage was used to magnify profits at LTCM. You do not need to use derivative examples, but may make up your own numbers using simple example(s). Be specific. Show calculation of return rates, etc. Explain why LTCM was so heavily leveraged.
Was the initial investment strategy followed toward the end? If not, why did LTCM change?
Why did LTCM fail? The trades that lost money were only the immediate cause. There were a number of possible structural reasons. List as many as you can think of, describe each one in detail and explain how that factor could have contributed to LTCM’s downfall in layman’s terms.
What are the lessons to be learned from this failure and have they been learned? Compare and contrast the risk profile of LTCM and the recent mortgage securities crisis. How are they similar and/or different?
Why did the Federal Reserve encourage the bailout of LTCM? Does his activity by the Federal Reserve fall under their six monetary policy basic goals? If so, which one(s)?
In general, do you think the government should “bail out” private industry? (LTCM was a private fund). Include in your discussion the concept of “moral hazard”. Discuss whether or not LTCM, specifically, should h ...
What would happen to Earth if humans went extinct.pdfHomeTech4
What would happen to Earth if humans went extinct?
Nature always finds a way.
Who will disappear first: Human Species or Planet Earth?
https://youtu.be/1Ew0QdVrxa0
A different kind of skyline.
What does it indicates?
Where the wild things are?
We will try to find the answers.
The planet might eventually become lusher and more diverse.
Carbon dioxide doesn't stay suspended in the atmosphere forever.
Moving forward
Is there any point in us pondering what our planet will look like, without us here? Well, on the one hand, we might simply take comfort in the knowledge that, free of people, our planet would ultimately be fine, as Weisman said. In fact, it would ultimately thrive.
MBA672N700 – Spring 2016When Genius Failed AssignmentIn a se.docxARIV4
MBA672N700 – Spring 2016
When Genius Failed Assignment
In a seven to ten page essay (at least 7 pages but no more than 10 pages excluding transmittal page, title page, references, notes, bibliography), and beginning with the standard Transmittal page on page two of this this assignment, describe the journey of Long Term Capital Management (LTCM) from its inception to the ultimate end, the lessons that should be learned from this and apply those lessons to current day finance. Use the outline/questions/statements below to guide you. The form of the essay should not be “question and answer” format, but a prose report on what happened at LTCM, why it happened and its effects, or lack of effect, on the financial markets then and now and your opinion on these events. I will be looking for you to address the information from the guidance below, but you may include additional points. The report should be submitted as a Word document, double spaced, 12 point, Arial font with one inch margins. All footnotes, references and bibliography shall be on separate pages at the end of the report. You must use at least one source outside of this course – remember Wikipedia is NOT considered a valid source at Marist. Be sure to reference pages from “When Genius Failed” or the textbook, if used. Proofread the papers – do not rely on autocorrect.
Grading will be based upon how well you present and support your discussion in a clear and concise manner. I expect to see a solid, intelligent essay with smooth transitions from one point to the next.
Include information on the following:
Describe in detail what LTCM’s initial investment strategy was and how they expected to profit from it. Be specific.
Describe financial leverage and give a concrete example of how leverage was used to magnify profits at LTCM. You do not need to use derivative examples, but may make up your own numbers using simple example(s). Be specific. Show calculation of return rates, etc. Explain why LTCM was so heavily leveraged.
Was the initial investment strategy followed toward the end? If not, why did LTCM change?
Why did LTCM fail? The trades that lost money were only the immediate cause. There were a number of possible structural reasons. List as many as you can think of, describe each one in detail and explain how that factor could have contributed to LTCM’s downfall in layman’s terms.
What are the lessons to be learned from this failure and have they been learned? Compare and contrast the risk profile of LTCM and the recent mortgage securities crisis. How are they similar and/or different?
Why did the Federal Reserve encourage the bailout of LTCM? Does his activity by the Federal Reserve fall under their six monetary policy basic goals? If so, which one(s)?
In general, do you think the government should “bail out” private industry? (LTCM was a private fund). Include in your discussion the concept of “moral hazard”. Discuss whether or not LTCM, specifically, should h ...
What would happen to Earth if humans went extinct.pdfHomeTech4
What would happen to Earth if humans went extinct?
Nature always finds a way.
Who will disappear first: Human Species or Planet Earth?
https://youtu.be/1Ew0QdVrxa0
A different kind of skyline.
What does it indicates?
Where the wild things are?
We will try to find the answers.
The planet might eventually become lusher and more diverse.
Carbon dioxide doesn't stay suspended in the atmosphere forever.
Moving forward
Is there any point in us pondering what our planet will look like, without us here? Well, on the one hand, we might simply take comfort in the knowledge that, free of people, our planet would ultimately be fine, as Weisman said. In fact, it would ultimately thrive.
The ecosystem is breaking down, chris helwegChris Helweg
The ecosystem is the quintessential essence of life on our planet, and this crucial life system is showing signs of breaking down. It is likely a more pressing problem than climate change. Time will tell but time is short.
The ecosystem consists of all living organisms that interact with nonliving components like air, water, and soil contained within the biosphere, which extends from the bottom of the oceans to the top of the mountains. Although unannounced by authorities or professional orgs, it is already becoming evident that the ecosystem is breaking down. Alas, it’s our only ecosystem.
chris helweg
Stanley Kubrick’s THE SHINING is an intricately constructed maze of .docxboadverna
Stanley Kubrick’s THE SHINING is an intricately constructed maze of motifs, thematic and stylistic, that are so interwoven as to depend, one upon the other, for an appropriate analysis. One of the main themes, the continuum of time, is a case in point. Incorporating both thematic and stylistic motifs, discuss Kubrick’s treatment of time and the ultimate, perhaps inexplicable [but that’s O.K.!] arrival of Jack in a photo taken in 1921.
.
State Terrorism in Latin Americaseveral Latin American countries h.docxboadverna
State Terrorism in Latin America
several Latin American countries have experienced state terrorism within the context of governmental rule. Craft a response that address the following questions in at least 300 words and appropriate references:
Which Latin American countries have experienced this form of violence?
Why have these forms of government been viewed as “acceptable” by many in the region?
Could state terrorism emerge within the United States? Why or why not?
Need response by 7PM New York time on 01/15/2015
.
Static vs. Dynamic IP AddressesExplain the differences. Why would.docxboadverna
Static vs. Dynamic IP Addresses
Explain the differences. Why would you use one over the other? Give scenarios where one is better than the other.
and the second one is
Static vs. Dynamic Routing
There are two types of Dynamic Routing protocols. Compare and contrast the two. Which is is more commonly used on Cisco routers?
.
ssignment Psy 370 Ch. 16 Assignment 1.It has been proposed that i.docxboadverna
ssignment: Psy 370 Ch. 16 Assignment 1.
It has been proposed that in the DMS-V, discussion on the concept of autism  a. will be removed from the text.
 b. will remain unchanged.
 c. will be replaced with a broader category referred to as "conduct disorders of autistic type" and will drop references to linguistic problems.
 d. be discussed as a single category of "autism spectrum disorders" rather than a list that includes numerous subcategories.
2.
The "DSM" in DSM-IV refers to the  a. Direct Services Method of Psychological Intervention
 b. Diagram of Severe Mental Illnesses
 c. Doctor's Scientific/Psychological Medical Guide
 d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
3.
In the diathesis-stress model, the term diathesis refers to a(n)  a. social norm.
 b. genetic or personality-based predisposition toward vulnerability.
 c. anxiety-producing environmental event.
 d. state of calm.
4.
According to the diathesis-stress model, psychopathology results when  a. a stressful event triggers an already existing vulnerability or predisposition.
 b. the id develops.
 c. a gene that is programmed to activate at a certain point during the lifespan "turns on" without any trigger.
 d. a mentally healthy person takes a psychoactive drug.
5.
An imbalance in _____ appears to play a role in the acquisition of major depressive disorder.  a. corpus callosum activity
 b. dopamine levels
 c. serotonin levels
 d. beta-amyloids
6.
Echolalia is best described as  a. a lack of organized speech.
 b. parroting what someone else is saying.
 c. saying socially inappropriate things.
 d. not speaking at all.
7.
Under which DSM-IV category would you find autism spectrum disorders?  a. Personality disorders
 b. Adjustment disorders
 c. Pervasive developmental disorders
 d. Dissociative disorders
8.
On the DSM-IV, Asperger syndrome would be found under the label "_____ disorders."  a. anxiety
 b. autism spectrum
 c. personality
 d. somatoform
9.
Winne has good verbal skills and is highly intelligent, but has social relationship skills typical of an autistic child. Given this description, Winnie is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ syndrome.  a. Down
 b. Kleinfelter
 c. Turner
 d. Asperger
10.
A now retracted article by Wakefield and others claimed that autism is caused by  a. the MMR vaccine.
 b. baby formula fortified with iron.
 c. excessive infantile exposure to television and computer screens.
 d. lead poisoning.
11.
What key evidence has emerged to disprove the myth that thimerosal (a mercury-based preservative) is responsible for autism?  a. The incidence of autism has decreased significantly, but only in females who are immune the impact of thimerosal.
 b. As the amount of thimerosal in baby food has increased, the incidence of autism has decreased.
 c. The incidence of autism has climbed after thimerosal was removed from the MMR vaccine.
 d. Historically, no children with autism ever came into direct conta.
Starbucks proposalThis will cover your understanding of import.docxboadverna
Starbucks proposal
This will cover your understanding of important concepts discussed in the text and in class.
3 pages, single-spaced in Arial 11 font.
Properly Cited with a detailed appendix.
The paper needs to cover the following topics in-depth:
Stakeholders
How stakeholders are currently impacting the corporation.
What does the impact look like for the corporation currently?
Where are they missing the mark?
What is your idea? Explain in detail.
What does the implementation strategy and roadmap look like?
How much will it cost to do the entire project?
Who is the team?
What will be the impact after doing this project on people, the planet, and profits?
.
ssignment 2 Capital BudgetingFutronics Inc. is a $2 billion fir.docxboadverna
ssignment 2: Capital Budgeting
Futronics Inc. is a $2 billion firm that sells communications services. Founded in 1937, Futronics has provided consumer products, as well as government systems and services, for well over half a century. Due to a sharp increase in competition, flattened sales, and external economic conditions, Futronics is implementing a corporate overhead reduction program. The proposal is to replace the company’s central office stores with outside vendors. The investment will cost $1,000,000 and yield incremental cash flows of $450,000 in year one (1), $350,000 in year two (2), $300,000 in year three (3), and $250,000 in year four (4). There is no salvage value of the asset, and the firm has a cost of capital of 8%.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
Calculate the net present value, internal rate of return, and simple payback. Next, determine the effect that each of the three (3) values will have on the company.
Explain one to two (1-2) investment gains that the company could achieve by outsourcing the central office functions. Focus on the company’s potential to reduce overhead and still maintain or even improve the quality of its products.
Discuss one (1) capital budgeting method that would be most effective for the company. Next, discuss one (1) capital budgeting method that would have the least value for the company as compared to others. Provide a rationale for your response.
Use at least one (1) quality reference.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the characteristics and valuation of stocks and bonds, and how each is a key component in the financing of corporations.
Describe the risk versus return trade-off and identify the techniques used to measure risk.
Explain the capital budgeting process, how project cash flow is determined and valued, and how project risk influences decision making.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in finance.
Write clearly and concisely about finance using proper writing mechanics.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Grading Rubic for Assignment:
Points: 240
Assignment
2: Capital Budgeting
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Calculate the net present value, internal rate of return, .
St. Vincents Hospital has a target capital structure of 35 percen.docxboadverna
St. Vincent's Hospital has a target capital structure of 35 percent debt and 65 percent equity. Its cost of
equity (fund capital) estimate is 13.5 percent and its cost of tax-exempt debt estimate is 7 percent. What
is the hospital's corporate cost of capital?
.
SQUEEZE PLAYfalseThomas, Geoffrey. Air Transport World48.6.docxboadverna
SQUEEZE PLAY
false
Thomas, Geoffrey
.
Air Transport World
48.6
IT HARDLY IS NEWS THAT THE EMERGENCE IN THE ASIA/PACIFIC REGION of multinational low-cost carriers modeled on the leading LCCs in North America and Europe has transformed and reinvigorated the inter-Asia travel market. But while most of the attention is focused on the impact these upstarts are having on major network/flag carriers, a less public battle is going on as Asia's niche airlines - SilkAir, Nok Air and Bangkok Airways, for example - find their space being challenged by the low-fare wave as well.
Neither full-service nor LCC, this band of carriers has fulfilled a role somewhat analogous to the holiday and charter airline segment in Europe, albeit on a much smaller scale. Some are standalone entities plying short-haul routes with turboprop and small jet aircraft. Others exist as part of a major airline organization, flying the last leg of a transcontinental journey into an Asia/Pacific vacation destination. The question is how long they can continue in their role in the face of changing travel patterns and consumer behavior brought on by LCCs, the Internet and rising GDPs.
A key year for them is 2015, when Southeast Asia's Open Sky Agreement comes into effect, allowing unlimited flights to all 10 ASEAN members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Any protections they enjoy from restrictive bilaterals will disappear and they will be fully exposed to aggressive competition from today's batch of LCCs and future new entrants.
Perhaps Thailand presents the best microcosm of the wider challenges facing niche airlines. When Thai AirAsia was launched in 2004 with the political support of the government, Thai International Airways, itself government-owned, responded by establishing Nok Air, in which it holds a controlling 39% stake. But as so often happens in such situations (think
British Airways
and Go or Continental Airlines and CALite), Nok Air and its parent were more at war with each other than with the new entrant. While Thai AirAsia has come from nothing to operate a fleet of 19 new Airbus A320s serving 24 domestic and international destinations, Nok Air has just 10 aging Boeing 737-400s and two ATR 72s serving 17 domestic points.
The future for Nok may be a bit rosier. CEO Patee Sarasin told eTN in 2009 that the airline, which at the time was carrying fewer than 2 million passengers a year, had "buried the hatchet" with its owner and the two now had common goals. "It is true that we had difficulties in the past to cooperate as we lacked a common vision," he said. "We are now ready to cooperate again."
Prior to the makeup, Thai was considering selling its interest in Nok or assuming 100% control to make it a more effective competitor to Thai AirAsia, although in actuality a takeover might not have been possible owing to the refusal of other shareholders to sell. Part of the new agreement was a realignmen.
Source 1 Title and Citation1Identify the principa.docxboadverna
Source 1
Title and Citation:
1
Identify the principal issue presented by the source.
2
Identify any examples of bias presented by the author. If none exist, explain how you determined this.
3
Identify any areas that are vague or ambiguous. Explain your reasoning.
4
Do you find the source credible? Explain your reasoning.
5
Identify and name any rhetorical devices used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
6
Identify and name any fallacies used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
7
State one argument made by the author.
8
Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument.
9
Is the author’s argument valid or invalid, sound or unsound, strong or weak? Explain how you determined this.
10
Does the author use moral reasoning? Explain how you determined this.
Source 2
Title and Citation:
1
Identify the principal issue presented by the source.
2
Identify any examples of bias presented by the author. Explain your reasoning.
3
Identify any areas that are vague or ambiguous. Explain your reasoning.
4
Do you find the source credible? Explain your reasoning.
5
Identify and name any rhetorical devices used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
6
Identify and name any fallacies used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
7
State one argument made by the author.
8
Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument.
9
Is the author’s argument valid or invalid, sound or unsound, strong or weak? Explain how you determined this.
10
Does the author use moral reasoning? Explain how you determined this.
Review
the Final Project Overview and Timeline and Critical Analysis Forms, and the University Library
Use
the Final Project Overview and Timeline as a guide to complete the Critical Analysis Forms.
Submit
the Critical Analysis Forms document to your instructor.
Final Project Resource List
CRT 205
Topic One:
Patriotism
Source 1: American Patriotism is Alive and Well
Source Citation:
Krebs, Jeanette. "American Patriotism Is Alive and Well."
Patriotism
. Ed. Sylvia Engdahl. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Patriotism Is Alive and Well—If We Let It."
Patriot-News
10 July 2010.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context
. Web. 9 May 2012.
Gale Document Number:
GALE|EJ3010752218
Source 2:
Patriotism is Love of Country
Source Citation:
Sparks, Ron. "Patriotism Is Love of Country, Not of Government or Its Policies."
Patriotism
. Ed. Sylvia Engdahl. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Blind Patriotism Is Rampant."
Binarybiker.com
. 2010.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context
. Web. 9 May 2012.
Gale Document Number:
GALE|EJ3010752209
Topic Two:
Identity Theft
Source 1:
Identify Theft is a Serious Problem
Source Citation:
Swecker, Chris. "Identity Theft Is a Serious Problem."
Cyber Crime
. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Statem.
Spain is a country full of hundreds of exuberant celebrations, holid.docxboadverna
Spain is a country full of hundreds of exuberant celebrations, holidays, and festivals that happen throughout the year. The unique characteristic of how these people are passionately dedicated to their customs and celebrations is second to none. From small mountain villages to the busy city streets of Madrid, these festivals take place, fueled by religious and cultural origins. The villages and cities have their own festivals in addition to the numerous national holidays, and as one can imagine, there are many "days off" on the Spanish calendar. The beauty of seeing entire towns and cities participate in one same celebration is a symbol of the passion and unity the Spanish have in regards to their festivities.
In contrast, our Great American Melting pot has National Holidays and other celebrations that are carried out, yet we all have our own twist on how or why we celebrate. Some people do not celebrate certain holidays and have personal reasons for or against recognizing and participating in certain National Holidays. Our traditions are no less firm and many of us are very passionate about our celebrations, yet the unity and sameness of how customs are practiced is varied. This parallels with the very first forum we had on Spanish greetings. We discussed how the Spanish greet, and how they all greet this same way. Every time. Again, here in the US, we have greeting customs that vary from a handshake to a pat on the back, with or without eye contact, sometimes non-verbal, sometimes with no touching at all, and other times with a nod and smile.
Greetings and celebrations in the US vs other countries are indicators of how diverse our population is. Americans have varied beliefs, religions, practices and customs. We often celebrate similar holidays but for different reasons and in different ways. The "New World" is certainly a melting pot, and is different from countries like Spain where traditions run deep and are nationally celebrated, customs are very similarly practiced and generally done so with one same common reason and purpose. There is no right or wrong in this contrast, just a difference that points to our unique patchwork that is "American life."
Keeping in theme with the topic of Spain's celebrations, your assignment is to research one celebration in Spain that you have never heard about. Find out the following information:
What is the celebration/festival?
What is the origin and reason for the celebration/festival?
Who participates? Where does it take place??
How is this festival celebrated? (What does it look like to be there among the participants?)
Why did this celebration get your attention and would you like to participate in it?
Think about a celebration or holiday you celebrate here in the US and compare and contrast how and why your celebration is similar and/or different than the celebration you are presenting. Don't just clue into obvious differences, but think about the reasons, meaning, and purpose along with t.
Source AMany Germans watched the campaign of attacks on synagogue.docxboadverna
Source A:
Many Germans watched the campaign of attacks on synagogues and jewish ownd businesses in 1938 with alarm and concern. However, the nazi controlled press presented it as an unplanned reaction of ordinary Germans against Jews. Most Germans didnt believe this but hardly anyone protested for fear of arrest
a) What can you learn from source A about attitudes towards the Jews in the Nazi Germany?
.
Sources of FinancingAngel partners are wealthy investors who inves.docxboadverna
Sources of Financing
Angel partners are wealthy investors who invest in business start-ups in exchange for an equity stake in the company. Angels fill a significant gap in the seed capital market, financing start-ups with capital requirements and can provide any amount of investment up to the $10 million range.
Construct a simple brief profile of the typical private investor (angel). Consider factors like age, gender, educational level and other personal characteristics of the typical private investor. How can entrepreneurs locate such angels to invest in their businesses?
.
Soruces I will use in my research paper-An Overview of the An.docxboadverna
Soruces I will use in my research paper:
-An Overview of the Ancient Egyptian Religion
-
by John Watson (touregypt.net)
1)
Have Egyptian religion had any influence on the different modern religions
2)
What is the religion in Egypt?
3)
Has the beliefs changed with time or is the ancient foundation still the basic religion?
4)
Did the religion reflect on the Egyptian society?
5)
Is Egyptian religion still practiced and has the name changed?
100% original and use MLA citing
-Egyptexplore.weebly.com
-Ancient Egyptian Religious Influence On Modern Religio – by K Griffis-Greenberg
(www.Academia.edu)
-
Religion in ancient Egypt (www.crystalinks.com)
.
SonyRead and reflect on the case study about Sony .docxboadverna
Sony
Read and reflect on the case study about Sony on page 119 of the course textbook. Consider the CEO’s reorganization. What environmental constructs were involved? Why did the CEO have to adapt, control, and reduce uncertainty? Identify the mechanistic versus organic structures and how contingency theory was or was not applied in this case study.
Your paper should be at least two pages in length, not including the title page or reference page. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Jones, G. R. (2013).
Organizational theory, design, and change
(7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Must have in-text citations.
.
Soon after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush admini.docxboadverna
Soon after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush administration developed a plan for holding and interrogating captured prisoners. They were sent to a prison inside a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, on land leased from the government of Cuba. Since 2002, over 700 men have been detained at Gitmo. Most have been released without charges or turned over to other governments. In 2011, Congress specifically prohibited the expenditure of funds to transfer Gitmo prisoners to detention facilities in the continental United States, making it virtually impossible to try them in civilian courts. As of April 2012, 169 remained in detention at Gitmo (Sutton, 2012).
An assumption made by the Bush administration in selecting this location was that it was beyond the jurisdiction of U.S. courts. The administration wanted to avoid any judicial oversight of how it handled detainees, characterized as enemy combatants. A possible legal challenge to indefinite detention with no formal charges or judicial proceedings might arise from the habeas corpus provision of the Constitution.
Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution states, "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." Under this provision, persons detained by the government are entitled to a judicial hearing to determine if there is any legal basis for their detention. Some legal commentators refer to the right of habeas corpus as the "great writ of liberty" because it is a prisoner's ultimate recourse to an impartial judge who can review the possibility that he is being held illegally by the executive (e.g., the police or the military). In nations that do not honor habeas corpus, people simply disappear into prisons without ever having their day in court.
Several controversial Supreme Court cases have come out of Gitmo. One fundamental question that has been debated, but not clearly resolved, is to what extent the war on terror justifies the President's indefinite detention of enemy combatants without the possibility of the minimal judicial review protected by habeas corpus? Another issue in the debate is to what extent Congress must clearly authorize the President to conduct extra-judicial detentions in order for them to be legal? In 2008, the Supreme Court’s decision in
Boumediene v. Bush
offered some answers to these questions. However, the deeply divided 5-4 Court and the likelihood of the protracted nature of the war on terror suggest that debate around these important questions will continue. Writing the Final Paper in this course will prepare you to participate intelligently as a citizen in this ongoing debate.
Write an essay about the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror. Your essay should address the following subtopics:
Explain the historical evolution of habeas corpus, including its English and American traditions. The explanation of its evolution.
Speculate on the reasons for the emergence of the New Realism (le no.docxboadverna
Speculate on the reasons for the emergence of the New Realism (le nouveau realisme).
Compare and contrast the works of a representative artist of New Realism with a representative artist of Europe’s Pop Art, highlighting the media, objects, and the possible intent of the artist in the specific work.
This is not a paper - just Discussion Question for Modern Art class - 150-200 words
.
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The ecosystem is the quintessential essence of life on our planet, and this crucial life system is showing signs of breaking down. It is likely a more pressing problem than climate change. Time will tell but time is short.
The ecosystem consists of all living organisms that interact with nonliving components like air, water, and soil contained within the biosphere, which extends from the bottom of the oceans to the top of the mountains. Although unannounced by authorities or professional orgs, it is already becoming evident that the ecosystem is breaking down. Alas, it’s our only ecosystem.
chris helweg
Stanley Kubrick’s THE SHINING is an intricately constructed maze of .docxboadverna
Stanley Kubrick’s THE SHINING is an intricately constructed maze of motifs, thematic and stylistic, that are so interwoven as to depend, one upon the other, for an appropriate analysis. One of the main themes, the continuum of time, is a case in point. Incorporating both thematic and stylistic motifs, discuss Kubrick’s treatment of time and the ultimate, perhaps inexplicable [but that’s O.K.!] arrival of Jack in a photo taken in 1921.
.
State Terrorism in Latin Americaseveral Latin American countries h.docxboadverna
State Terrorism in Latin America
several Latin American countries have experienced state terrorism within the context of governmental rule. Craft a response that address the following questions in at least 300 words and appropriate references:
Which Latin American countries have experienced this form of violence?
Why have these forms of government been viewed as “acceptable” by many in the region?
Could state terrorism emerge within the United States? Why or why not?
Need response by 7PM New York time on 01/15/2015
.
Static vs. Dynamic IP AddressesExplain the differences. Why would.docxboadverna
Static vs. Dynamic IP Addresses
Explain the differences. Why would you use one over the other? Give scenarios where one is better than the other.
and the second one is
Static vs. Dynamic Routing
There are two types of Dynamic Routing protocols. Compare and contrast the two. Which is is more commonly used on Cisco routers?
.
ssignment Psy 370 Ch. 16 Assignment 1.It has been proposed that i.docxboadverna
ssignment: Psy 370 Ch. 16 Assignment 1.
It has been proposed that in the DMS-V, discussion on the concept of autism  a. will be removed from the text.
 b. will remain unchanged.
 c. will be replaced with a broader category referred to as "conduct disorders of autistic type" and will drop references to linguistic problems.
 d. be discussed as a single category of "autism spectrum disorders" rather than a list that includes numerous subcategories.
2.
The "DSM" in DSM-IV refers to the  a. Direct Services Method of Psychological Intervention
 b. Diagram of Severe Mental Illnesses
 c. Doctor's Scientific/Psychological Medical Guide
 d. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
3.
In the diathesis-stress model, the term diathesis refers to a(n)  a. social norm.
 b. genetic or personality-based predisposition toward vulnerability.
 c. anxiety-producing environmental event.
 d. state of calm.
4.
According to the diathesis-stress model, psychopathology results when  a. a stressful event triggers an already existing vulnerability or predisposition.
 b. the id develops.
 c. a gene that is programmed to activate at a certain point during the lifespan "turns on" without any trigger.
 d. a mentally healthy person takes a psychoactive drug.
5.
An imbalance in _____ appears to play a role in the acquisition of major depressive disorder.  a. corpus callosum activity
 b. dopamine levels
 c. serotonin levels
 d. beta-amyloids
6.
Echolalia is best described as  a. a lack of organized speech.
 b. parroting what someone else is saying.
 c. saying socially inappropriate things.
 d. not speaking at all.
7.
Under which DSM-IV category would you find autism spectrum disorders?  a. Personality disorders
 b. Adjustment disorders
 c. Pervasive developmental disorders
 d. Dissociative disorders
8.
On the DSM-IV, Asperger syndrome would be found under the label "_____ disorders."  a. anxiety
 b. autism spectrum
 c. personality
 d. somatoform
9.
Winne has good verbal skills and is highly intelligent, but has social relationship skills typical of an autistic child. Given this description, Winnie is most likely to be diagnosed with _____ syndrome.  a. Down
 b. Kleinfelter
 c. Turner
 d. Asperger
10.
A now retracted article by Wakefield and others claimed that autism is caused by  a. the MMR vaccine.
 b. baby formula fortified with iron.
 c. excessive infantile exposure to television and computer screens.
 d. lead poisoning.
11.
What key evidence has emerged to disprove the myth that thimerosal (a mercury-based preservative) is responsible for autism?  a. The incidence of autism has decreased significantly, but only in females who are immune the impact of thimerosal.
 b. As the amount of thimerosal in baby food has increased, the incidence of autism has decreased.
 c. The incidence of autism has climbed after thimerosal was removed from the MMR vaccine.
 d. Historically, no children with autism ever came into direct conta.
Starbucks proposalThis will cover your understanding of import.docxboadverna
Starbucks proposal
This will cover your understanding of important concepts discussed in the text and in class.
3 pages, single-spaced in Arial 11 font.
Properly Cited with a detailed appendix.
The paper needs to cover the following topics in-depth:
Stakeholders
How stakeholders are currently impacting the corporation.
What does the impact look like for the corporation currently?
Where are they missing the mark?
What is your idea? Explain in detail.
What does the implementation strategy and roadmap look like?
How much will it cost to do the entire project?
Who is the team?
What will be the impact after doing this project on people, the planet, and profits?
.
ssignment 2 Capital BudgetingFutronics Inc. is a $2 billion fir.docxboadverna
ssignment 2: Capital Budgeting
Futronics Inc. is a $2 billion firm that sells communications services. Founded in 1937, Futronics has provided consumer products, as well as government systems and services, for well over half a century. Due to a sharp increase in competition, flattened sales, and external economic conditions, Futronics is implementing a corporate overhead reduction program. The proposal is to replace the company’s central office stores with outside vendors. The investment will cost $1,000,000 and yield incremental cash flows of $450,000 in year one (1), $350,000 in year two (2), $300,000 in year three (3), and $250,000 in year four (4). There is no salvage value of the asset, and the firm has a cost of capital of 8%.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
Calculate the net present value, internal rate of return, and simple payback. Next, determine the effect that each of the three (3) values will have on the company.
Explain one to two (1-2) investment gains that the company could achieve by outsourcing the central office functions. Focus on the company’s potential to reduce overhead and still maintain or even improve the quality of its products.
Discuss one (1) capital budgeting method that would be most effective for the company. Next, discuss one (1) capital budgeting method that would have the least value for the company as compared to others. Provide a rationale for your response.
Use at least one (1) quality reference.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the characteristics and valuation of stocks and bonds, and how each is a key component in the financing of corporations.
Describe the risk versus return trade-off and identify the techniques used to measure risk.
Explain the capital budgeting process, how project cash flow is determined and valued, and how project risk influences decision making.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in finance.
Write clearly and concisely about finance using proper writing mechanics.
_______________________________________________________________________________
Grading Rubic for Assignment:
Points: 240
Assignment
2: Capital Budgeting
Criteria
Unacceptable
Below 60% F
Meets Minimum Expectations
60-69% D
Fair
70-79% C
Proficient
80-89% B
Exemplary
90-100% A
1. Calculate the net present value, internal rate of return, .
St. Vincents Hospital has a target capital structure of 35 percen.docxboadverna
St. Vincent's Hospital has a target capital structure of 35 percent debt and 65 percent equity. Its cost of
equity (fund capital) estimate is 13.5 percent and its cost of tax-exempt debt estimate is 7 percent. What
is the hospital's corporate cost of capital?
.
SQUEEZE PLAYfalseThomas, Geoffrey. Air Transport World48.6.docxboadverna
SQUEEZE PLAY
false
Thomas, Geoffrey
.
Air Transport World
48.6
IT HARDLY IS NEWS THAT THE EMERGENCE IN THE ASIA/PACIFIC REGION of multinational low-cost carriers modeled on the leading LCCs in North America and Europe has transformed and reinvigorated the inter-Asia travel market. But while most of the attention is focused on the impact these upstarts are having on major network/flag carriers, a less public battle is going on as Asia's niche airlines - SilkAir, Nok Air and Bangkok Airways, for example - find their space being challenged by the low-fare wave as well.
Neither full-service nor LCC, this band of carriers has fulfilled a role somewhat analogous to the holiday and charter airline segment in Europe, albeit on a much smaller scale. Some are standalone entities plying short-haul routes with turboprop and small jet aircraft. Others exist as part of a major airline organization, flying the last leg of a transcontinental journey into an Asia/Pacific vacation destination. The question is how long they can continue in their role in the face of changing travel patterns and consumer behavior brought on by LCCs, the Internet and rising GDPs.
A key year for them is 2015, when Southeast Asia's Open Sky Agreement comes into effect, allowing unlimited flights to all 10 ASEAN members: Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Any protections they enjoy from restrictive bilaterals will disappear and they will be fully exposed to aggressive competition from today's batch of LCCs and future new entrants.
Perhaps Thailand presents the best microcosm of the wider challenges facing niche airlines. When Thai AirAsia was launched in 2004 with the political support of the government, Thai International Airways, itself government-owned, responded by establishing Nok Air, in which it holds a controlling 39% stake. But as so often happens in such situations (think
British Airways
and Go or Continental Airlines and CALite), Nok Air and its parent were more at war with each other than with the new entrant. While Thai AirAsia has come from nothing to operate a fleet of 19 new Airbus A320s serving 24 domestic and international destinations, Nok Air has just 10 aging Boeing 737-400s and two ATR 72s serving 17 domestic points.
The future for Nok may be a bit rosier. CEO Patee Sarasin told eTN in 2009 that the airline, which at the time was carrying fewer than 2 million passengers a year, had "buried the hatchet" with its owner and the two now had common goals. "It is true that we had difficulties in the past to cooperate as we lacked a common vision," he said. "We are now ready to cooperate again."
Prior to the makeup, Thai was considering selling its interest in Nok or assuming 100% control to make it a more effective competitor to Thai AirAsia, although in actuality a takeover might not have been possible owing to the refusal of other shareholders to sell. Part of the new agreement was a realignmen.
Source 1 Title and Citation1Identify the principa.docxboadverna
Source 1
Title and Citation:
1
Identify the principal issue presented by the source.
2
Identify any examples of bias presented by the author. If none exist, explain how you determined this.
3
Identify any areas that are vague or ambiguous. Explain your reasoning.
4
Do you find the source credible? Explain your reasoning.
5
Identify and name any rhetorical devices used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
6
Identify and name any fallacies used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
7
State one argument made by the author.
8
Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument.
9
Is the author’s argument valid or invalid, sound or unsound, strong or weak? Explain how you determined this.
10
Does the author use moral reasoning? Explain how you determined this.
Source 2
Title and Citation:
1
Identify the principal issue presented by the source.
2
Identify any examples of bias presented by the author. Explain your reasoning.
3
Identify any areas that are vague or ambiguous. Explain your reasoning.
4
Do you find the source credible? Explain your reasoning.
5
Identify and name any rhetorical devices used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
6
Identify and name any fallacies used by the author. Explain your reasoning.
7
State one argument made by the author.
8
Identify the premises and conclusion of the argument.
9
Is the author’s argument valid or invalid, sound or unsound, strong or weak? Explain how you determined this.
10
Does the author use moral reasoning? Explain how you determined this.
Review
the Final Project Overview and Timeline and Critical Analysis Forms, and the University Library
Use
the Final Project Overview and Timeline as a guide to complete the Critical Analysis Forms.
Submit
the Critical Analysis Forms document to your instructor.
Final Project Resource List
CRT 205
Topic One:
Patriotism
Source 1: American Patriotism is Alive and Well
Source Citation:
Krebs, Jeanette. "American Patriotism Is Alive and Well."
Patriotism
. Ed. Sylvia Engdahl. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Patriotism Is Alive and Well—If We Let It."
Patriot-News
10 July 2010.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context
. Web. 9 May 2012.
Gale Document Number:
GALE|EJ3010752218
Source 2:
Patriotism is Love of Country
Source Citation:
Sparks, Ron. "Patriotism Is Love of Country, Not of Government or Its Policies."
Patriotism
. Ed. Sylvia Engdahl. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Current Controversies. Rpt. from "Blind Patriotism Is Rampant."
Binarybiker.com
. 2010.
Gale Opposing Viewpoints In Context
. Web. 9 May 2012.
Gale Document Number:
GALE|EJ3010752209
Topic Two:
Identity Theft
Source 1:
Identify Theft is a Serious Problem
Source Citation:
Swecker, Chris. "Identity Theft Is a Serious Problem."
Cyber Crime
. Ed. Louise I. Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2009. Opposing Viewpoints. Rpt. from "Statem.
Spain is a country full of hundreds of exuberant celebrations, holid.docxboadverna
Spain is a country full of hundreds of exuberant celebrations, holidays, and festivals that happen throughout the year. The unique characteristic of how these people are passionately dedicated to their customs and celebrations is second to none. From small mountain villages to the busy city streets of Madrid, these festivals take place, fueled by religious and cultural origins. The villages and cities have their own festivals in addition to the numerous national holidays, and as one can imagine, there are many "days off" on the Spanish calendar. The beauty of seeing entire towns and cities participate in one same celebration is a symbol of the passion and unity the Spanish have in regards to their festivities.
In contrast, our Great American Melting pot has National Holidays and other celebrations that are carried out, yet we all have our own twist on how or why we celebrate. Some people do not celebrate certain holidays and have personal reasons for or against recognizing and participating in certain National Holidays. Our traditions are no less firm and many of us are very passionate about our celebrations, yet the unity and sameness of how customs are practiced is varied. This parallels with the very first forum we had on Spanish greetings. We discussed how the Spanish greet, and how they all greet this same way. Every time. Again, here in the US, we have greeting customs that vary from a handshake to a pat on the back, with or without eye contact, sometimes non-verbal, sometimes with no touching at all, and other times with a nod and smile.
Greetings and celebrations in the US vs other countries are indicators of how diverse our population is. Americans have varied beliefs, religions, practices and customs. We often celebrate similar holidays but for different reasons and in different ways. The "New World" is certainly a melting pot, and is different from countries like Spain where traditions run deep and are nationally celebrated, customs are very similarly practiced and generally done so with one same common reason and purpose. There is no right or wrong in this contrast, just a difference that points to our unique patchwork that is "American life."
Keeping in theme with the topic of Spain's celebrations, your assignment is to research one celebration in Spain that you have never heard about. Find out the following information:
What is the celebration/festival?
What is the origin and reason for the celebration/festival?
Who participates? Where does it take place??
How is this festival celebrated? (What does it look like to be there among the participants?)
Why did this celebration get your attention and would you like to participate in it?
Think about a celebration or holiday you celebrate here in the US and compare and contrast how and why your celebration is similar and/or different than the celebration you are presenting. Don't just clue into obvious differences, but think about the reasons, meaning, and purpose along with t.
Source AMany Germans watched the campaign of attacks on synagogue.docxboadverna
Source A:
Many Germans watched the campaign of attacks on synagogues and jewish ownd businesses in 1938 with alarm and concern. However, the nazi controlled press presented it as an unplanned reaction of ordinary Germans against Jews. Most Germans didnt believe this but hardly anyone protested for fear of arrest
a) What can you learn from source A about attitudes towards the Jews in the Nazi Germany?
.
Sources of FinancingAngel partners are wealthy investors who inves.docxboadverna
Sources of Financing
Angel partners are wealthy investors who invest in business start-ups in exchange for an equity stake in the company. Angels fill a significant gap in the seed capital market, financing start-ups with capital requirements and can provide any amount of investment up to the $10 million range.
Construct a simple brief profile of the typical private investor (angel). Consider factors like age, gender, educational level and other personal characteristics of the typical private investor. How can entrepreneurs locate such angels to invest in their businesses?
.
Soruces I will use in my research paper-An Overview of the An.docxboadverna
Soruces I will use in my research paper:
-An Overview of the Ancient Egyptian Religion
-
by John Watson (touregypt.net)
1)
Have Egyptian religion had any influence on the different modern religions
2)
What is the religion in Egypt?
3)
Has the beliefs changed with time or is the ancient foundation still the basic religion?
4)
Did the religion reflect on the Egyptian society?
5)
Is Egyptian religion still practiced and has the name changed?
100% original and use MLA citing
-Egyptexplore.weebly.com
-Ancient Egyptian Religious Influence On Modern Religio – by K Griffis-Greenberg
(www.Academia.edu)
-
Religion in ancient Egypt (www.crystalinks.com)
.
SonyRead and reflect on the case study about Sony .docxboadverna
Sony
Read and reflect on the case study about Sony on page 119 of the course textbook. Consider the CEO’s reorganization. What environmental constructs were involved? Why did the CEO have to adapt, control, and reduce uncertainty? Identify the mechanistic versus organic structures and how contingency theory was or was not applied in this case study.
Your paper should be at least two pages in length, not including the title page or reference page. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
Jones, G. R. (2013).
Organizational theory, design, and change
(7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Must have in-text citations.
.
Soon after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush admini.docxboadverna
Soon after the U.S. invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, the Bush administration developed a plan for holding and interrogating captured prisoners. They were sent to a prison inside a U.S. naval base at Guantanamo Bay, on land leased from the government of Cuba. Since 2002, over 700 men have been detained at Gitmo. Most have been released without charges or turned over to other governments. In 2011, Congress specifically prohibited the expenditure of funds to transfer Gitmo prisoners to detention facilities in the continental United States, making it virtually impossible to try them in civilian courts. As of April 2012, 169 remained in detention at Gitmo (Sutton, 2012).
An assumption made by the Bush administration in selecting this location was that it was beyond the jurisdiction of U.S. courts. The administration wanted to avoid any judicial oversight of how it handled detainees, characterized as enemy combatants. A possible legal challenge to indefinite detention with no formal charges or judicial proceedings might arise from the habeas corpus provision of the Constitution.
Article I, Section 9 of the Constitution states, "The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it." Under this provision, persons detained by the government are entitled to a judicial hearing to determine if there is any legal basis for their detention. Some legal commentators refer to the right of habeas corpus as the "great writ of liberty" because it is a prisoner's ultimate recourse to an impartial judge who can review the possibility that he is being held illegally by the executive (e.g., the police or the military). In nations that do not honor habeas corpus, people simply disappear into prisons without ever having their day in court.
Several controversial Supreme Court cases have come out of Gitmo. One fundamental question that has been debated, but not clearly resolved, is to what extent the war on terror justifies the President's indefinite detention of enemy combatants without the possibility of the minimal judicial review protected by habeas corpus? Another issue in the debate is to what extent Congress must clearly authorize the President to conduct extra-judicial detentions in order for them to be legal? In 2008, the Supreme Court’s decision in
Boumediene v. Bush
offered some answers to these questions. However, the deeply divided 5-4 Court and the likelihood of the protracted nature of the war on terror suggest that debate around these important questions will continue. Writing the Final Paper in this course will prepare you to participate intelligently as a citizen in this ongoing debate.
Write an essay about the right of habeas corpus in the context of the war on terror. Your essay should address the following subtopics:
Explain the historical evolution of habeas corpus, including its English and American traditions. The explanation of its evolution.
Speculate on the reasons for the emergence of the New Realism (le no.docxboadverna
Speculate on the reasons for the emergence of the New Realism (le nouveau realisme).
Compare and contrast the works of a representative artist of New Realism with a representative artist of Europe’s Pop Art, highlighting the media, objects, and the possible intent of the artist in the specific work.
This is not a paper - just Discussion Question for Modern Art class - 150-200 words
.
Special Needs Populations PresentationSelect a special needs p.docxboadverna
Special Needs Populations Presentation
Select a special needs population from the list below:
•Sex offenders
•Mental Health
•Women
•Juveniles
•
Substance abusers
•Domestic violence
Create a 7- to 12-slide presentation based on your selected special needs population. This presentation will be an analysis of the case management process as it applies to criminal justice special needs populations.
Include the following in your analysis:
•Identify the characteristics and specific needs of the selected special population.
•Describe how the problems associated with your special population can be resolved.
•What would happen if the population was left unattended and not managed properly?
Include detailed speaker notes in the presentation. Use complete sentences, with correct grammar and punctuation, to fully explain each slide as if you were giving an in-person presentation.
Format your presentation consistent with APA standards.
I need only one slide with speaker notes on the highlighted portion of the assignment.
.
some of the things the professor is looking forI can email the res.docxboadverna
some of the things the professor is looking for
I can email the rest of the assignment.
So, DIRECTORIAL STYLE means analyzing a film from the director’s point of view
, including motifs as they present themselves in the:
Genre
Direction of camera (shots, angles, lenses, movement)
Collaborating with cinematographer (lighting, color,
resolution
)
Mise
en scene (production design, scenic design, era, mood, props, costumes, hair and makeup,
proxemics
)
Editing Style (When to cut? When not to cut?
)
Types of cuts internally within a scene. Cuts from scene to scene).
Sound Design (
diegetic
and non-
diegetic
:
score,
tunes,
ambient, sound effects,
foley
)
Acting Style (Method, Hollywood Glamour
, British
)
.
some information In order to recover from a disaster, there are.docxboadverna
some information :
In order to recover from a disaster, there are different factors would support like; how the organization is prepared for the disaster, At what degree the disaster is, and the communication level used among the teams and other individuals ……etc.
Communication is essential and playing a major role in disaster recovery attempt, it might lead to success or failure all depends on how accurate and timely is the level of communication used. Organizations use a Notification Directory (ND), which is a directory has a list of important contacts for individuals involved or needed to the disaster recovery. These individuals could be team members who are the team responsible for the disaster recovery and other teams and sub teams. Those could be the management of the organization top level all the way down to governmental departments outside the organization like the fire department. The list also can include vendors and other representatives. Communication between these individuals in an effective, timely and accurate way leads to overcome the disaster and recover it.
There are several purposes for Notification Directory summarized as follows:
To be the connecting bridge to notify involved people to the disaster or disaster recovery process in an effective way.
Facilitate the communicating between the disaster team and other teams to maintain recovery process by providing a timely and accurate updates.
Creating a path for the lists of contacts for which is important to call first than others.
Notification Directory is notifying individuals involved and important to the disaster recovery process. However, Organizations must take a sort of procuration by not relying on one or few individuals to contact because it could be risky. So keeping on notifying all individuals involved and making sure the communication level is tied enough to maintain the recovery process is essential. Communication has to deliver a timely, accurate and effective updates depending on the kind of the disaster occurred. Some disasters to be measures as small and some as massive so the directory have to contain an expansion of the group of whom to contact or notify accordingly. In addition, various methods of notification is critical and her are examples:
Couple of emails, Different phone numbers, Cellular number and Conference Call Bridge.
.
some of the information is in the attachment file. 2500words ple.docxboadverna
some of the information is in the attachment file. 2500words please harvard style
Requirement : (1)using The'shrimp-turtle'dispute and The tuna-dolphin dispute, this two cases in this assignment ( These two cases is in WTO official website, easily to find )
(2) WTO and GATT should be included in this assignment
(3) EU growth hormones case also should be in this assignment
.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
1. From SILENT SPRING By Rachel Carson
A FABLE FOR TOMORROW
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life
seemed to live in harmony with its
surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of
prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of
orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above
the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch
set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a
backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer
silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall
mornings. Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder,
great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler's eye through
much of the year.
Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty,
where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on
the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The
countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and
variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was
pouring through in spring and fall people traveled from
great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the
streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and
contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the
days many years ago when the first settlers raised
their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.
Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began
to change. Some evil spell had settled on the
community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens;
the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere
was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness
among their families. In the town the doctors had become
2. more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing
among their patients. There had been several sudden and
unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among
children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play
and die within a few hours.
There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example where
had they gone? Many people spoke of them,
puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards
were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were
moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a
spring without voices. On the mornings that had once
throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays,
wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now
no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.
On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The
farmers complained that they were unable to
raise any pigs the litters were small and the young survived
only a few days. The apple trees were coming into
bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no
pollination and there would be no fruit.
The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned
and withered vegetation as though swept
by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things.
Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer
visited them, for all the fish had died.
In the gutters under the eaves and between the shingles of the
roofs, a white granular powder still showed a
few patches; some weeks before it had fallen like snow upon the
roofs and the lawns, the fields and streams.
No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new
life in this stricken world. The people had
done it them selves.
This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a
thousand counterparts in America or elsewhere
in the world. I know of no community that has experienced all
the misfortunes I describe. Yet every one of these
3. disasters has actually happened somewhere, and many real
communities have already suffered a substantial number
of them. A grim specter has crept upon us almost unnoticed, and
this imagined tragedy may easily become a stark
reality we all shall know.
What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless
towns in America? This book is an attempt to
explain.
The Obligation to Endure
The most alarming of all man's assaults upon the environment is
the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with
dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the
most part irrecoverable; the chain of evil it initiates not
only in the world that must support life but in living tissues is
for the most part irreversible. In this now universal
contam ination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister
and little recognized partners of radiation in changing
the very nature of the world the very nature of its life.
Strontium go, re leased through nuclear explosions into the
air, comes to earth in rain or drifts down as fallout, lodges in
soil enters into the grass or corn or wheat grown there,
and in time takes up its abode in the bones of a human being,
there to remain until his death. Similarly, chemicals
sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil,,
entering into living organisms, passing from one to
another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass
mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and,
through the alchemy of air and sunlight, combine into new
forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work
unknown liarm on those who drink from once pure wells. As
Albert Schweitzer has said, "Man can hardly even
recognize the devils of his own creation."
4. It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that
now inhabits the earth eons of time in which
that developing and evolving and diversifying life reached a
state of adjustment and balance with its surroundings.
The environ ment, rigorously shaping and directing the life it
supported, contained elements that were hostile as well
as supporting. Cer tain rocks gave out dangerous radiation; even
within the light of the sun, from which all life
draws its energy, there were shortwave radiations with power to
injure. Given time time not in years but in
millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. For time
is the essential ingredient; but in the modern world
there is no time.
The rapidity of change and the speed with which new
situa tions are created follow the impetuous and
heedless pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature.
Radiation is no longer merely the background
radiation of rocks, the bombardment of cosmic rays, the
ultraviolet of the sun that have existed before there was any
life on earth; radiation is now the unnatural crea tion of man's
tampering with the atom. The chemicals to which life
is asked to make its adjustment are no longer merely the
calcium and silica and copper and all the rest of the
minerals washed out of the rocks and carried in rivers to the
sea; they are the synthetic creations of man's inventive
mind, brewed in his laboratories, and having no counterparts in
nature.
To adjust to these chemicals would require time on the scale
that is nature's; it would require not merely the
years of a man's life but the life of generations. And even this,
were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for
the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless
stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into
actual use in the United States alone. The figure is staggering
and its implications are not easily grasped 5oo new
5. chemicals to which the bodies of men and animals are required
somehow to adapt each year, chemicals totally
outside the limits of biologic experience.
Among them are many that are used in man's war against
nature. Since the midi940's over 2oo basic
chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds,
rodents, and other organisms described in the modern
vernacular as "pests"; and they are sold under several thousand
different brand names. These sprays, dusts, and
aerosols are now applied almost uni versally to farms, gardens,
forests, and homesnonselective chemicals that have
the power to kill every insect, the “good" and the "bad," to still
the song of birds and the leaping of fish in the
streams, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on
in soil all this though the intended target may be only
a few weeds or insects. Can anyone believe it is possible to lay
down such a barrage of poisons on the surface of the
earth without making it unfit for all life? They should not be
called "insecticides," but "biocides."
The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless
spiral. Since DDT was released for civilian
use, a process of escalation has been going on in which ever
more toxic materials must be found. This has happened
because insects, in a trium phant vindication of Darwin's
principle of the survival of the fittest, have evolved super
races immune to the particular in secticide used, hence a
deadlier one has always to be developed and then a deadlier
one than that. It has happened also be cause, for reasons to be
described later, destructive insects often undergo a
"flareback," or resurgence, after spraying, in numbers greater
than before. Thus the chemical war is never won, and
all life is caught in its violent crossfire. Along with
the possibility of the extinction of mankind by nuclear
war, the central problem of our age has therefore be come the
contamination of man's total environment with such
substances of incredible potential for harmsubstances that
6. accumulate in the tissues of plants and animals and even
pene trate the germ cells to shatter or alter the very material of
heredity upon which the shape of the future depends.
Some wouldbe architects of our future look toward a time
when it will be possible to alter the human germ
plasm by design. But we may easily be doing so now by
inadvertence, for many chemicals, like radiation, bring
about gene mutations. It is ironic to think that man might
determine his own future by something so seemingly
trivial as the choice of an insect spray.
All this has been riskedfor what? Future historians may well be
amazed by our distorted sense of
proportion. How could intelligent beings seek to control a few
unwanted species by a method that contaminated the
entire environment and brought the threat of disease and death
even to their own kind? Yet this is precisely what we
have done. We have done it, moreover, for reasons that collapse
the moment we examine them. We are told that the
enormous and expanding use of pesticides is necessary to
maintain farm production. Yet is our real problem not one
of overproduction,? Our farms, despite measures to remove
acreages from production and to pay farmers not to
produce, have yielded such a staggering excess of crops that the
American taxpayer in i962 is paying out more than
one billion dollars a year as the total carrying cost of the
surplusfood storage program. And is the situation helped
when one branch of the Agriculture Department tries to reduce
production while another states, as it did in i958, "It
is believed generally that reduction of crop acreages under
provisions of the Soil Bank will stimulate interest in use
of chemicals to obtain maximum production on the land retained
in crops."
All this is not to say there is no insect problem and no need of
control. I am saying, rather, that control must
he geared to realities, not to mythical situations, and that the
methods em ployed must be such that they do not
7. destroy us along with the insects.
The problem whose attempted solution has brought such a train
of disaster in its wake is an accompaniment
of our modern way of life. Long before the age of man, insects
inhabited the earth a group of extraordinarily varied
and adaptable beings. Over the course of time since man's
advent, a small percentage of the more than half a million
species of insects have come into conflict with human welfare
in two principal ways: as competitors for the food
supply and as carriers of human disease.
Diseasecarrying insects become important where human be ings
are crowded together, especially under
conditions where sanitation is poor, as in time of natural
disaster or war or in situations of extreme poverty and
deprivation. Then control of some sort becomes necessary. It is
a sobering fact, however, as we shall presently see,
that the method of massive chemical control has had only
limited success, and also threatens to worsen the very
conditions it is intended to curb.
Under primitive agricultural conditions the farmer had few
insect problems. These arose with the
intensification of agricul ture the devotion of immense acreages
to a single crop. Such a system set the stage for
explosive increases in specific insect populations. Singlecrop
farming does not take advantage of the principles by
which nature works; it is agriculture as an engineer might
conceive it to be. Nature has introduced great variety into
the landscape, but man has displayed a passion for simplifying
it. Thus he undoes the builtin checks and balances by
which nature holds the species within bounds. One impor tant
natural check is a limit on the amount of suitable
habitat for each species. Obviously then, an insect that lives on
wheat can build up its population to much higher
8. levels on a farm devoted to wheat than on one in which wheat is
intermingled with other crops to which the insect is
not adapted.
The same thing happens in other situations. A generation or
more ago, the towns of large areas of the
United States lined their streets with the noble elm tree. Now
the beauty they hopefully created is threatened with
complete destruction as disease sweeps through the elms,
carried by a beetle that would have only limited chance to
build up large populations and to spread from tree to tree if the
elms were only occasional trees in a richly
diversified planting. Another factor in the modern
insect problem is one that must be viewed against a
background of geologic and human history: the spreading of
thousands of different kinds of organisms from their
native homes to invade new territories. This worldwide
migration has been studied and graphically described by the
British ecologist Charles Elton in his recent book The Ecology
of Invasions. During the Cretaceous Period, some
hundred mil lion years ago, flooding seas cut many land bridges
between continents and living things found
themselves confined in what Elton calls "colossal separate
nature reserves." There, isolated from others of their kind,
they developed many new species. When some of the land
masses were joined again, about I 5 million years ago,
these species began to move out into new territories a
movement that is not only still in progress but is now
receiving considerable assistance from man.
The importation of plants is the primary agent in the modern
spread of species, for animals have almost
invariably gone along with the plants, quarantine being a
comparatively recent and not completely effective
innovation. The United States Office of Plant Introduction alone
has introduced almost 2oo,ooo species and varieties
of plants from all over the world. Nearly half of the i8o or so
major insect enemies of plants in the United States are
9. accidental imports from abroad, and most of them have come as
hitchhikers on plants.
In new territory, out of reach of the restraining hand of the
natural enemies that kept down its numbers in its
native land, an invading plant or animal is able to become
enormously abundant. Thus it is no accident that our most
troublesome insects are introduced species.
These invasions, both the naturally occurring and those de
pendent on human assistance, are likely to
continue indefinitely' Quarantine and massive chemical
campaigns are only extremely expensive ways of buying
titne. We are faced, according to Dr. Elton, "with a
lifean'ddeath need not just to find new technological means of
suppressing this plant or that animal"; instead we need the basic
knowledge of animal populations and their relations
to their surroundings that will "promote an even balance and
damp down the explosive power of outbreaks and new
invasions."
Much of the necessary knowledge is now available but we do
not use it. We train ecologists in our
universities and even employ them in our governmental
agencies but we seldom take their advice. We allow the
chemical dtath rain to fall as though there,were no alternative,
whereas in fact there are many, and our ingenuity
could soon discover many more if given opportunity.
Have we fallen into a mesmerized state that makes us accept as
inevitable that which is inferior or
detrimental, as though having lost the will or the vision to
demand that which is good? Such thinking, in the words
of the ecologist Paul Shepard, "Idealizes life with only its head
out of water, inches above the limits of toleration of
the corruption of its own environment ... Why should we
tolerate a diet of weak poisons, a home in insipid
surroundings, a circle of acquaintances who are not quite our
enemies, the noise of motors with just enough relief to
10. pre vent insanity? Who would want to live in a world which is
just not quite fatal?"
Yet such a world is pressed upon us. The crusade to create a
chemically sterile, insectfree world seems to
have engendered a fanatic zeal on the part of many specialists
and most of the socalled control agencies. On every
hand there is evidence that those engaged in spraying operations
exercise a ruthless power. "The regulatory
entomologists ... function as prosecutor, judge and jury, tax
assessor and collector and sheriff to enforce their own
orders," said Connecticut entomologist Neely Turner. The most
flagrant abuses go unchecked in both state and
federal agencies.
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be
used. I do contend that we have put
poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately
into the hands of per sons largely or wholly ignorant
of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous
numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without
their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of
Rights contains no guarantee that a citizen shall be
secure against lethal poisons distributed either by private
individuals or by public officials, it is surely only because
our forefathers, despite their considerable wisdom and
foresight, could conceive of no such problem.
I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals
to be used with little or no advance
investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man
himself. Future generations are unlikely to condone our
lack of prudent concern for the integrity of the natural world
that supports all life.
There is still very limited awareness of the nature of the threat.
This is an era of specialists, each of whom
11. sees his own problem and is unaware of or intolerant of the
larger frame into which it fits. It is also an era dominated
by industry, in which the right to make a dollar at whatever cost
is seldom challenged. When the public protests,
confronted with some obvious evi dence of damaging results of
pesticide applications, it is fed little tranquilizing
pills of half truth. We urgently need an end to these false
assurances, to the sugar coating of unpalatable facts. It is
the public that is being asked to assume the risks that the insect
controllers calculate. The public must decide
whether it wishes to continue on the present road, and it can do
so only when in full possession of the facts. In the
words of Jean Rostand, "The obligation to endure gives us the
right to know."
Surface Waters & Underground Seas
Of all our natural resources water has become the most
precious. By far the greater part of the earth's
surface is covered by its enveloping seas, yet in the midst of
this plenty we are in want. By a strange paradox, most
of the earth's abundant water is not usable for agriculture,
industry, or human consumption because of its heavy load
of sea salts, and so most of the world's population is either
experiencing or is threatened with critical shortages. In an
age when man has forgotten his origins and is blind even to his
most essential needs for survival, water along with
other resources has become the victim of his indifference.
The problem of water pollution by pesticides can be under
stood only in context, as part of the whole to
which it belongs the pollution of the total environment of
mankind. The pollution entering our waterways comes
from many sources: radio active wastes from reactors,
laboratories, and hospitals; fallout from nuclear explosions;
domestic wastes from cities and towns; chemical wastes from
factories. To these is added a new kind of fallout the
12. chemical sprays applied to croplands and gar dens, forests and
fields. Many of the chemical agents in this alarming
melange imitate and augment the harmful effects of radiation,
and within the groups of chemicals themselves there
are sinister and littleunderstood interactions, transformations,
and summations of effect.
Ever since chemists began to manufacture substances that
nature never invented, the problems of water
purification have become complex and the danger to users of
water has increased..
************
Yet these fish, too, contained DDT. Had the chemical reached
this remote creek by hidden under ground
streams? Or had it been airborne, drifting down as fallout oii
the surface of the creek? In still another compar tive
study, DDT was found in the tissues of fish from a @atch cry
where the water supply originated in a deep 'well.
Again there was no record of local spraying. The only possible
means of contamination seemed to be by means of
groundwater.
In the entire waterpollution problem, there is probably noth
ing more disturbing than the threat of
widespread contamination of groundwater. It is not possible to
add pesticides to water anywhere without threatening
the purity of water everywhere. Seldom if ever does Nature
operate in closed and separate compartments, and she
has not done so in distributing the earth's water supply. Rain,
falling on the land, settles down through pores and
cracks in soil and rock, penetrating deeper and deeper until
eventually it reaches a zone where all the pores of the
rock are filled with water, a dark, subsurface sea, rising under
hills, sinking bene ath valleys. This groundwater is
always on the move, sometimes at a pace so slow that it travels
no more than 5o feet a year, sometimes rapidly, by
13. comparison, so that it moves nearly a tenth of a mile in a day. It
travels by unseen waterways until here and there it
comes to the surface as a spring, or perhaps it is tapped to feed
a well. But mostly it con tribute, to streams and so to
rivers. Except for what enters streams directly as rain or surface
runoff, all the running water of the earth's surface
was at one time groundwater. And so, in a very real and
frightening sense, pollution of the ground water is pollution
of water everywhere.
It must have been by such a dark, underground sea that
poisonous chemicals traveled from a manufacturing
plant in Colorado to a farming district several miles away, there
to poison wells, sicken humans and livestock, and
damage crops an extraordinary episode that may easily be only
the first of many like it. Its history, in brief, is this.
In 1943, the Rocky Mountain Arsenal of the Army Chemical
Corps, located near Denver, began to manufacture war
materials. Eight years later the facili ties of the arsenal were
leased to a private oil company for the production of
insecticides. Even before the change of opera tions, however,
mysterious reports had begun to come in. Farmers
several miles from the plant began to report unex plained
sickness among livestock; they complained of extensive
crop damage. Foliage turned yellow, plants failed to mature,
and many crops were killed outright, There were
reports of human illness, thought by some to be related.
The irrigation waters on these farms were derived from shallow
wells. When the well waters were
examined (in a study in1958, in which several state and federal
agencies participated) they were found to contain an
assortment of chemicals. Chlorides, chlorates, salts of
phosphonic acid, fluorides, and arsenic had been discharged
from the Rocky Mountain Arsenal into holding ponds during the
14. years of its operation. Apparently the groundwater
between the arsenal and the farms had become contaminated and
it had taken 7 to 8 years for the wastes to travel
underground a distance of about 3 miles from the holding ponds
to the nearest farm. This seepage had continued to
spread and had further contaminated an area of unknown extent.
The investigators knew of no way to contain the
contamination or halt its advance.
All this was bad enough, but the most mysterious and probably
in the long run the most significant feature
of the whole episode was the discovery of the weed killer 2,4D
in some of the wells and in the holding ponds of the
arsenal. Certainly its presence was enough to account for the
damage to crops irrigated with this water. But the
mystery lay in the fact that no 2,4D had been manufactured at
the arsenal at any stage of its operations.
A disturbing example of (contamination of the surface waters
)seems to be building up on the national
wildlife refuges at Tule Lake and Lower Klamath, both in
California. These refuges are part of a chain including
also the refuge on Upper Klamath Lake just over the border 'in
Oregon. All are linked, perhaps fatefully, by a
shared water supply, and all are affected by the fact that they lie
like small islands in a great sea of sur rounding
farmlands land reclaimed by drainage and stream diversion
from an original waterfowl paradise of marshiand and
open water. These farmlands around the refuges are
now irrigated by water from Upper Klamath Lake.
The irrigation waters, re collected from the fields they have
served, are then pumped into Tule Lake and from there
to Lower Klamath. All of the waters of the wildlife refuges
established on these two bodies of water therefore
represent the drainage of agricultural lands. It is important to
remember this in connection with recent happenings.
In the summer of ig6o the refuge staff picked up hundreds of
15. dead and dying birds at Tute Lake and Lower
Klamath. Most of them were fisheating species herons,
pelicans, grebes, gulls. Upon analysis, they were found to
contain insecticide residues identified as toxaphene, DDD, and
DDE. Fish from the lakes were also found to contain
insecticides; so did samples of plankton. The refuge manager
believes that pesticide residues are now building up in
the waters of these refuges, being conveyed there by return
irrigation flow from heavily sprayed agricultural lands.
Such poisoning of waters set aside for conservation purposes
could have consequences felt by every
western duck hunter and by everyone to whom the sight and
sound of drifting ribbons of waterfowl across an
evening sky are precious. These particular refuges occupy
critical positions in the conservation of west ern
waterfowl. They lie at a point corresponding to the narrow neck
of a funnel, into which all the migratory paths
composing what is known as the Pacific Flyway converge.
During the fall migration they receive many millions of
ducks and geese from nesting grounds extending from the
shores of Bering Sea east to Hudson Bay fully three
fourths of all the waterfowl that move south into the Pacific
Coast states in autumn. In summer they provide nesting
areas for waterfowl, especially for two endangered species, the
redhead and the ruddy duck. If the lakes and pools of
these refuges become seriously contaminated, the damage to the
waterfowl populations of the Far West could be
irreparable. Water must also be thought of in terms
of the chains of life it supports from the smallasdust
green cells of the drifting plant plankton, through the minute
water fleas to the fishes that strain plankton from the
water and are in turn eaten by other fishes or by birds, mink,
raccoons in an endless cyclic trans fer of materials
from life to life. We know that the necessary rninerals in the
water .ire so passed from link to link of the food chains.
Can we suppose that poisons we introduce into water will not
16. also enter into these cycles of nature?
The answer is to be found in the amazing history of Clear Lake,
California. Clear Lake ties in mountainous
country some 'les north of San Francisco and has long been
popular with go ml anglers. The name is inappropriate,
for actually it is a rather turbid lake because of the soft black
ooze that covers its shallow bottom. Unfortunately for
the fishermen and the resort dwell ers on its shores, its waters
have provided an ideal habitat for a small gnat,
Cbaoboius astictopus. Although closely related to mosquitoes,
the gnat is not a bloodsucker and probably does not
feed at all as an adult. However, human beings who shared its
habitat found it annoying because of its sheer
numbers. Efforts were made to control it but they were largely
fruitless until, in the late 1940's, the chlorinated
hydrocarbon insecticides offered new weapons. The chemical
chosen for a fresh attack was DDD, a close relative of
DDT but apparently offering fewer threats to fish life.
The new control measures undertaken in 1949 were carefully
planned and few people would have supposed
any harm could result. The lake was surveyed, its volume …