- The document analyzes the impact of remittances from the Bangladeshi diaspora on Bangladesh's economy. It investigates the channels through which remittances are transferred and their contribution to poverty reduction. - Literature review covers topics like global remittance inflows to developing countries, Bangladesh's increasing remittance receipts over time, and key terms like remittances and diaspora. - The study uses interviews and secondary data to examine remittance determinants, find a correlation between education/income and remittance behavior, and identify that most remittances are sent through informal hundi channels instead of banks. - The conclusion is that migration reduces unemployment

1. THE EFFECT OF REMITTANCES OF DIASPORA
ON THE ECONOMY OF DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES: A CASE STUDY ON
BANGLADESH
Supervisor
Prof. Anna Maria Falzoni
Researcher : Faisal Rashid Majumder.
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI BERGAMO
Department of Management, Economics and Quantitative Methods

2. Objective of this research
 Investigate the impact of migration and remittances
related to developing countries: the case of
Bangladesh.
 Shed some light on different channels through which
the remittances are transferred to the sending
economy.
 Analyse the remittances’ contribution to sustainable
poverty reduction.

3. Presentation agenda
 Introduction
 Literature Review
 Inflow of remittances in developing countries.
 Remittances inflows of Bangladesh.
 Methodology
 Instrumetation and Data collections
 Data analysis and findings
 The determinants of sending remittances
 Findings
 Channel Used in Sending Remittances
 Conclusion

4. Introduction
 In developing countries , remittances are the life line
of economy where migrants working in abroad send
their hard earned foreign currencies to homeland.
 Remittances from migrants have positive impacts on
poverty reduction and development in developing
countries, contributing, substantially to the
achievement of the Millennium Development Goals.
 These positive impacts become greater when
remittances can be saved and invested in
infrastructures and productive capacity.

5.  Remittances are transfer of
money by a foreign worker to
his or her home country.
 International remittances are
defined as the portion of
migrant workers’ earnings sent
back from the country of
employment to the country of
origin (ILO, 2000).
 Remittances can be individual
and it can also be collective.
 In Greek, the term ‘Diaspora
means ‘to scatter’ (sow), is
primarily associated with the
dispersal of the Jews out of
Israel, although it is applied to any
people living outside their
traditional homeland (OED;
Skeldon,1997).
 In the view of
globalization, diaspora now refers
to international migrants, who
remain some way part of their
original community, though
dispersed from their homeland.
Remittances
Diaspora
Literature review (keywords)

6. Inflow of remittances in developing
countries in 2012
According to the World Bank Migration and Development Brief 19 (November, 2012).
These flows are expected to rise 8% in 2013 and 10% in 2014 to reach $534
billion(Total) in 2015.
70
65
24
24
21
18
14
14
9
7
0 20 40 60 80
India
china
Philippines
Mexico
Nigeria
Egypt
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Vietnam
Lebanon
U.S $(billion)
India
china
Philippines
Mexico
Nigeria
Egypt
Bangladesh
Pakistan
Vietnam
Lebanon

7. Remittances inflow in Bangladesh
2501.13
3061.97
3371.97
3848.29
4802.41
5998.47
7914.78
9689.26
10987.4
11650.32
12843.43
14461.14
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 16000
2001-2002
2002-2003
2003-2004
2004-2005
2005-2006
2006-2007
2007-2008
2008-2009
2009-2010
2010-2011
2011-2012
2012-2013
Remittance(U.S $ in
million)
 Remittances inflow in Bangladesh gradually increasing from previous years and
expected to rise in next year. It’s a positive indicator for Bangladesh as a
developing country.

8. Methodology
 The methodology adopted in this research is experimental and a
combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches. and a
mixture of both primary and secondary research.
 Target Population :all the migrants and Diaspora's living in outside
their homeland from Bangladesh.
 Sampling Technique: The survey of this research is based on
qualitative sampling method. Out of the qualitative sampling
methods, group discussion and interview have been used.

9. Instrumentation and Data collection
 The primary source of data was a semi-structured open
ended interview, with 25 respondents.
1
13
5
2
1
1
2
Respondents and Their living Country
Canada
italy
United Kingdom
Oman
Qatar
United Arab Emirates
Australia
The secondary data were collected from different
publications, and websites.

10. The determinants of sending
remittences
27%
9%
20%
10%
16%
5%
6%
2% 5%
The determinants of sending remittances
Family maintaince
social responsivness
Saving Money
Repay of loans
Purchase assets,construction
Helping relatives and
toward migration
Business investments
Purchasing Bonds

11. Findings
Reasons of sending
remittances
For
Family
Maintain
Social
responsiv
eness
Saving
Money
Repay of
loans
Purchas
e assets,
Constru
ction
Helping
relatives
Business
investme
nts
Purchasi
ng
Bonds
And
others
Total Answered Respondents 23 8 17 9 14 4 5 6
Age
distribution
21-30
12 2 9 7 5 1 0 3
31-40 6 3 4 2 5 1 1 2
41-45 2 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
51-55 3 2 3 0 3 2 1 1
Educati
onal
Status
Class VI- X 4 1 5 3 4 0 1 1
SSC/GCSC 4 4 4 1 3 2 0 1
HSC/A Level 4 1 3 1 2 1 2 1
Graduate/post
-Graduation
11 2 5 4 5 1 2 3
21 to 30 years age respondents are sending remittances for more reasons than the
other groups of age structures.
There is a positive correlation between educational level and remittances.

12. Occupa
tional
pattern
Self-employed and
sound eng.
2 1 1 0 2 1 0 1
Worker 9 3 9 6 5 1 2 2
Private Services 8 2 3 1 5 1 2 3
Restaurant worker 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 0
Students 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
Un-employed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Reasons of sending
remittances
For Family
Maintain
Social
responsive
ness
Saving
Money
Repay of
loans
Purchas
e assets,
Constru
ction
Helping
relatives
Busin
ess
invest
ments
Purchasing
Bonds
And others
Total Answered Respondents 23 8 17 9 14 4 5 6
Incom
e
status
of
famyly
(mont
hly)
High wage (€15741) 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1
Medium wage(4000-
2000)
4 4 3 1 5 2 2 2
Medium Low
wage(2001-1500)
2 1 1 1 1 0 0 1
Low Wage (below
1500)
16 2 12 7 7 0 3 2
Workers and private service holders are more concern to spend their remittances for spending family
purposes, saving money, business investment and repay of their old debts. In case of students and unemployed
respondents were found to be ineffective in sending remittances.
 Income status and remittances are positive correlated.
 large and medium income family has more causes to send remittances.

13. Channel Used in Sending Remittances
56%
32%
12%
Hundi Bank Bank and hundi
 Hundi(an informal channel to send money and
unrecorded remittances)
 Hundi is less expensive and easy to access
than bank.
 Agent of hundi ,deliver money in short
notice, no paper work formalities; minimal
commission is required and can reach remote
areas easily.
 32% of the respondents stated that they send
remittances through the formal channel for
example Bank or Money Exchange Company.
 This percentage of Respondents prefer Bank
as formal channel because they wanted to
know that Bangladesh Government directly
benefited of this.

14. Conclusion
 The main results of the research show that people migrate for different
purposes, factors and motivations.
 This study observes that migration is a reason for reducing unemployment in
home country and guaranteeing remittances inflow.
 Migrants transfer remittances to Bangladesh through both formal and informal
channels. The remittances which are sent through informal channels are being
unrecorded and do not participate in national economy.
 It was found from the discussion with the respondents that many respondents
blamed the government for lack of transparency in law and order situation
regarding remittance.
 The cost of migration is relatively high.
 The methodology adopted in the current research could be improved, in future
years, in order to obtain many more empirical results and also, in order to
answer to other issues not yet solved.

15. Thank You