This document provides information about poetry, including its definition, elements, forms, and types. It defines poetry as a literary work that uses distinctive style and rhythm to express feelings and ideas. The key elements of poetry discussed are rhythm, sound, imagery, and form. It also describes different types of poetry like lyric, narrative, dramatic, and sub-types like epics and ballads. Additionally, it covers poetic devices like metaphor, simile, personification, and hyperbole. It concludes by presenting an example poem.

1. FRIENDSHIP IS LIKE A
HOLLY-TREE
POEM

2. WHAT IS POEM?
Poem is a literary work in which special intensity is given to the
expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and
rhythm.
Puisi adalah karya sastra di mana intensitas khusus diberikan pada
ekspresi perasaan dan gagasan dengan menggunakan gaya dan ritme
yang khas
The function is to convey emotion or someone’s idea or thought to
the readers or listenerss in beautiful language.

3. The Elements of Poem
1. Rhythm (irama)
2. Sound (bunyi)
3. Imagery (majas)
4. Forms (bentuk)

4. RHYTHM
• Rhythm in poetry means the flow of sound produced by a language.
Rhythm shows the long and short of sound or movement. Rhythm
communicates the emotion of the poet. It reveals the emotion of
happiness, sadness, greatness or other feelings.

5. SOUNDS
• Poets often use the sound of words to create effects in their poems.
We call the word rhymes.
• E.g. Glory be to God for dappled things (a)
• For skies of couple color as a brindled cow (b)
• For rose-moles all in stipple upon trout that swim (c)
• Fresh fire coal chestnut-falls; finches’ wings (a)
• Landscape plotted and pieces-fold, fallow, and plough (b)
• And all trades, their gear and tackle and trim (c)
The rhyme scheme of the poem above is abcabc

6. IMAGERY AND FORMS
• Imagery refers to the sensations that the language creates in the
mind. E.g. One must have a mind of winter.
• Poets give form to their verse in various ways. Much poetry, especially
written in the 1900’s, has no rhyme scheme. Such poetry is often
called free verse.

7. Name of Stanza (Verse) Number of Lines
Couplet 2 lines
Triplet 3 lines
Quatrain 4 lines
Quintet 5 lines
Sextet 6 lines
Octave 8 lines

8. RIDDLE POEM
A riddle poem is a riddle that is written in poem form. The reader should
answer the question of the riddle by reading clues in the verses of the poem.
In composing riddle poems that sound good, ryhthm-speech rhythm-is all-
important. Example“ of a riddle poem:
There is one that has a head without an eye
And there’s one that has an eye without a head
You may find the answer if you try
And when all is said
Half the answer hangs upon a thread
Christina Rossetti

9. The Answer is
PINS AND NEEDLES

10. Through the years, poets have developed many kinds of poetry. The
three main kinds are:
Lyric
Narrative
Dramatic
1. Lyric poetry is the most common type of poetry. Today, lyric poetry
means any short poem.

11. 2. Narrative poetry tells stories. There are two kinds of narrative
poems: epics and ballads
Epics are long poems describing the deeds of heroes in battles.
Ballads tell stories about a particular person.
3. Dramatic poetry tells stories, just like narrative poetry, but in
dramatic poetry, the poet lets one or more of the characters act out the
story.

12. THE KINDS OF IMAGERY
1. Metaphor is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is taken
out of its usual setting and placed with another word to suggest a
likeness. Metaphor doesn’t use the word “like/as” as in similes.
Example :
My love is a red, red rose.
You are my guardian angel.
He has a heart of stone.

13. 2. A simile is a figure of speech in which two quite different things are
compared because they appear to be similar in at least one
characteristics.
Example :
Cat’s eyes are like marbles.
He is as tall as giraffe.

14. 3. Personification is a figure of spech that gives human forms, powers,
or feelings to animals, objects or ideas. It makes things appear like a
person.
Example :
The car dances on the icy road.
The angry sky roared and threw lightning around.

15. 4. Hyperbole is a statement which has been exaggerated. It is used to
overstate the situation.
Example :
I have waited for a thousand years.
She cried so long and made a lake.

16. The Little Rose Tree by Rachel Field
Every rose on the little tree
Is making a different face at me!
Some look surprised when I pass by
And others droop-but they are shy
These two whose heads together
press
Tell secrets I could never guess
Some have their heads thrown back to
sing
And all the buds are listening
I wonder if the gardener knows
Or if he calls each just a rose