Addressing the frequency regulation challenges inherent in grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems requires an innovative and effective solution. The proposed solution focuses on integrating battery storage systems with solar PV installations to enhance grid stability and mitigate frequency fluctuations. The core of the proposed solution involves the integration of advanced battery storage systems with grid-connected solar PV installations. These batteries serve as a dynamic energy buffer, absorbing excess energy during periods of high solar generation and releasing stored energy during periods of low or variable generation. This bidirectional flow of energy enables precise control over the grid's frequency. To optimize the operation of the integrated system, sophisticated predictive control algorithms are employed. These algorithms utilize real-time data on solar irradiance, weather conditions, and grid demand to forecast fluctuations in solar generation. By anticipating these changes, the battery storage system can proactively adjust its charge and discharge cycles, providing seamless and timely frequency regulation. An Energy Management System is implemented to orchestrate the interaction between the solar PV system, battery storage, and the grid. The EMS employs intelligent control strategies, considering factors such as energy demand forecasts, grid frequency targets, and the state of charge of the battery. This ensures a coordinated and efficient response to maintain grid frequency within acceptable limits. The solar PV system is equipped with grid-interactive inverters that enable rapid and precise adjustments to the power output. These inverters facilitate seamless communication between the PV system, battery storage, and the grid, allowing for quick responses to frequency deviations. Grid-interactive inverters enhance the overall stability and reliability of the integrated system.

1. Frequency Regulation of Grid
Connected Solar PV System
Using Battery Storage
THE CAIN PROJECT
Supervisor: Dr. Ali Q. Al-Shetwi
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Faisal Mohammed Ahamd 202011033
Fahad Thaar Alotaibi 202212014
Naif Abdullah Alsairy 202211219

2. 2
Content
1 • Project Scope
2 • Problem Statement
3 • Objectives
4 • Previous works
5 • System Design
7 • Project Management
• Conclusion

3. 3
Project Scope
 The scope of this project is to cover a comprehensive
exploration and implementation of technologies aimed
at enhancing the stability and performance of grid-
connected solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.
 High PV-enriched grid faces frequency instability,
voltage instability, and power quality issues following a
disturbance.
 Among these issues, frequency stability is a prominent
factor that needs careful consideration.

4. 4
Problem Statement
 The increasing integration of solar photovoltaic systems
into the electrical grid represents a significant stride
toward sustainable energy sources.
 One of the critical issues confronting grid operators is the
impact of solar PV integration on frequency stability
within the power grid.
 Intermittency of Solar Power Generation
 Lack of Inertia in Solar PV Systems
 Grid Imbalance During Rapid Changes in Solar Generation
 Impact on Overall Grid Resilience
 Grid Reliability and Security
 Compliance with Regulatory Standards

5. 5
Project description
 The proposed solution focuses on integrating battery
storage systems with solar PV installations to enhance
grid stability and mitigate frequency fluctuations.
 The core of the proposed solution involves the
integration of advanced battery storage systems with
grid-connected solar PV installations.
 These batteries serve as a dynamic energy buffer,
absorbing excess energy during periods of high solar
generation and releasing stored energy during periods
of low or variable generation.

6. 6
Project Benefits
 The main benefits of this project are:
 Grid Stability Enhancement
 Improved Power Quality
 Integration of Renewable Energy
 Reduction in Grid Instabilities
 Enhanced Grid Resilience
 Reduced Dependence on Conventional Power
Plants
 Economic Benefits
 Environmental Impact

7. 7
Related Works
Authors propose a gradient descent-based optimization
method to determine the optimum deloading of PV
systems.
The optimization considers both frequency response
constraints and operating cost constraints.

8. 8
Related Works
 In this work the frequency regulation strategy of large-
scale battery energy storage in the power grid system
from the perspectives of battery energy storage.
 The droop control based on logistic function and the
virtual inertia control based on piecewise function are
proposed for battery energy storage frequency
regulation

9. System Design
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10. Operation Modes: Charging
Mode
 During high solar irradiance, surplus energy is used to
charge the battery.
 Charging is controlled by a Maximum Power Point
Tracking (MPPT) algorithm to optimize the charging
efficiency.
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11. Operation Modes: Discharging
Mode
 During periods of low solar irradiance or high energy
demand, the stored energy in the battery is discharged
to the grid.
 The discharging process is managed to maintain grid
frequency within acceptable limits.
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12. Frequency control
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13. Project management
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14. Conclusion
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 In the pursuit of a more sustainable and resilient energy
landscape, this project focusing on the frequency
regulation of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV)
system utilizing battery storage has show-cased
significant advancements and contributions.
 As we reflect on the key findings and outcomes, several
crucial insights emerge, underscoring the importance of
this innovative endeavour.

15. Conclusion
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 The Frequency regulation of grid-connected solar PV
system using battery storage project stands as a
demonstration to the transformative potential of
combining renewable energy and energy storage
technologies.
 As future work we propose to implement and test the
proposed system design on Matlab and evaluate its
performance.

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