Framed construction

1. FRAMED CONSTRUCTION
PRESENTED BY
MR JAMES KIRIMA

2. Objectives of the lesson
By the end of the lesson the learner should be able to;
1. State types of framed construction
2. State application of framed construction
3. Describe the construction procedures of given framed
construction
4. Fire protection, facing and claddings in framed
construction
5. Identify materials used in framed construction and in-
fills
6. Describe construction methods of framed structures

3. Framed construction
Frame
construction is a
building
technique which
involves building
a supportive
framework of
studs, joists, and
rafters, and
attaching
everything else
to this
framework.

4. Introduction
• A framed structure is a network of beams and columns joined up to
form the skeleton framework of the building.
• Frame structures are the structures having the combination of
beam, column and slab to resist the lateral and gravity loads. These
structures are usually used to overcome the large moments
developing due to the applied loading.
• The structural frame carries the total load of the building and
transfers it to the foundation.
• Cladding is fixed over the framework, or infill panels are placed
between its members, to totally enclose the space within the
building.
• Framed structures are easily erected from pre-made members.
• These members are easily connected together in the correct
sequence to form the structural framework.

5. Types of framed construction
• Timber
• Concrete
• Steel
• Portal frames

6. Materials used in framed construction
• Timber
• Concrete
• steel

7. Applications of framed construction
• Warehouses /godowns
• Factories
• Multistory buildings ; schools, hotels & offices
• Dwellings

8. PRINCIPLES OF DESIGNING FRAME
STRUCTURES
As already indicated, the primary function of a skeleton frame is to
carry safely all the loads imposed on the building and this is must do
without deforming excessively under load as a whole or in its parts.
In order to fulfill this function efficiently it must provide in its design
and construction adequate:
• STRENGTH AND STABILITY These are ensured by the use of
appropriate materials in suitable forms applied with due regard to
the manner in which a structure and its parts behave under load.
• FIRE RESISTANCE An adequate degree of fire resistance in the frame
is essential in order that its structural integrity may be maintained
in the event of fire, either for the full period of a total burn-out or
for a long period at least long enough to permit any occupants of
the building to escape.

9. Cladding
• Cladding is needed to:
• Create a controlled internal environment.
• Protect the building from external conditions.
• Provide privacy and security.
• Prevent the transmission of sound.
• Provide thermal insulation.
• Create an external facade.
• Prevent the spread of fire.
• Generate an 'airtight' building envelope.
• Providing openings for access, daylight and ventilation

10. Types of cladding materials
1) Precast concrete
2) Bricks
3) Stones/Mable
4) timber
• Cladding therefore is the application of one
material over another to provide skin/layer
intended to control the infiltration of weather
elements or for aesthetic purpose.

11. Cladding details

12. FACINGS
• A facing is a layer of material covering part of a
garment and providing contrast, decoration or
strength.
• It is an outer layer covering the outer surface of a
wall majorly for aesthetic purpose or protective
layer.
• Some of the materials used as facings include:
i. Bricks
ii. Stones
iii. Timber
iv. Tiles

13. CURTAIN WALLING
• A curtain wall is a form of external light weight
cladding attached to a framed structure
forming a complete envelope or sheath
around the structural frame.
• They are non-load bearing claddings which
have to support only their own dead weight
and any imposed wind loadings which are
transferred to the structural frame through
connectors usually positioned at floor levels.

14. Objectives of using curtain walling
systems
• To provide an enclosure to the structure which
will give the necessary protection against
elements.
• To make use of dry construction methods.
• To impose on to the structural frame the
minimum load inform of claddings.
• To express an architectural feature.

15. Functional requirements of a curtain
wall
1) Resistance to weather elements
2) Assist in maintaining the designed internal
temperatures
3) Adequate
4) Provide required degree of fire resistance
5) Easy to assemble and fix – the infill framing and
panels may be obtained as a series of individual
components or as a single prefabricated unit to make
assembly and fixing easy.
6) Provide required degree of sound insulation
7) Provide for thermal and structural

16. Construction methods of framed
structures
• Procedure
• Setting out
• Laying foundations
• Frame structure layout work
• Framed structure reinforcement work
• Framed structure formwork
• Pouring concrete into formwork