This document discusses fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas. It explains how each fossil fuel is formed through natural processes over millions of years, the different types and stages of formation. It also describes how each fossil fuel is used as an energy source after being extracted and processed, as well as the role of refineries. The document concludes by mentioning two oil spill disasters: the Exxon Valdez spill and the Deepwater Horizon catastrophe in the Gulf of Mexico.