Standardized Ginkgo biloba extract is used to treat Alzheimer's disease, dementia, and memory loss. It contains flavonoids and terpene lactones that act as antioxidants and improve blood flow to the brain. Common side effects include headaches and gastrointestinal issues. It can interact with antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications. The extract is standardized to contain 24% flavonoids and 6% terpene lactones from a 50:1 concentration ratio of the Ginkgo biloba leaves.

1. Standardized Ginkgo biloba Extract
Drug:
1- Different names of drug:
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo
Memory herb
2- Part used:
Leaves
Seeds and fruits not used because they cause rash, decrease
GABA causing convulsions
3- Active constituent
A-Flavonids (Flavonol)
B-Terpene lactone
-Ginkgolides
-Bilobalides
Flavonol + P-cumaric acid + sugarà increase lipophilicity
& pass BBB to CNS.
4- Indications:
Alzheimer disease (Dementia)
Amnesia (short term memory loss)
Poor blood supply (chilblue=extremities of fingers are blue)
5- Mode of Action:
-Antioxidant due to flavonoids: scavenger for free radicals by
inhibiting lipid peroxidation (peroxide in lipid cell membrane)
àdeath
Increase use of O2& Glucose
-enhance blood flow:
A-vasodilatation (terpene lactone)
Improves blood flow to the brain enhancing brain functions
b- Inhibit plate activation factor (PAF)à inhibit platelets
aggregation.
6- Side Effects:
Headache
Gastric upset
Nausea and vomiting

2. 7- Drug Interactions
-Antiplatelet aggregation e.g. Aspirin, clopidogrel
-Anticoagulant e.g. Heparin, Warfarin or intracranial
hemorrhage
8- Information of any standardized extract:
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)
50:1 drug: extract ratio
24% flavonoids
6% terpene lactone
Dose of 40 mg of standardized extract three times dailyàtablet or
Liquid.
Disease:
Alzheimer's Disease
1- Definition: is a memory loss with at least one other area of cognitive
impairment e.g. language orientation, judgment…..etc.
2- Etiology: Age, head injuries, environmental pollutant, hereditary,
chronic stress, free radicals
3- Signs & Symptoms: Memory loss, Disorientation (time & place),
confusion and disability to perform daily activities, poor judgment,
insomnia and depression.

3. 4- Complementary and alternative therapy:
A- Daily routine:
1-physical and mental exercise
2-family bounding
3-prayeerss
B- Nutrition:
1-healthy food (vegetables, fruits and seafood)
C- Supplements:
1-Antioxidants (A, O, Q)
2-Omega 3
D- Herbs in combinations:
1-prepheral circulatory problems:
Gotu kola
Rosemary
Hawthorn
2- Depression
St John's
3- Anxiety
Kava kava
Passion flower
Herbal products in Egyptian market:
1- GBE only:
Trebonina forte
Tanakan
Ginko
2- GBE + Vit.& menerals
Kerovit
3- GBE + Other herbs
G-pack (with Gotu kola)
Panax (with Ginseng)