The human digestive system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the bloodstream for distribution to cells, while eliminating indigestible waste as feces. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Food enters through the mouth and passes through each component where digestion and absorption occur before exiting as waste.
The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells in the body. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical processes carried out by the digestive tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid in digestion include the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The mouth begins digestion by chewing food, which is then swallowed and passes through the esophagus to the stomach, where further breakdown occurs. Nutrients are then absorbed in the small intestine before waste is eliminated in the large intestine, rectum, and anus.
The digestive system breaks food down through mechanical and chemical digestion to absorb nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs. The mouth chews food and saliva contains amylase. The stomach mixes food with acids and enzymes. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli. The large intestine absorbs water and forms waste before elimination. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas produce bile and enzymes to aid digestion.
The digestive system breaks down food and turns it into energy. Digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and the release of enzymes. Swallowed food then passes through the esophagus into the stomach, where it is stored, mixed with acids, and further broken down. The partially digested food then moves into the small intestine, where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs, before exiting the body through the large intestine and anus.
The document summarizes the main parts and processes of the human digestive system. It describes the six major processes of digestion - ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation. It then explains the functions and roles of the main digestive organs - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Finally, it discusses the accessory organs - liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands - and how they aid the digestion process.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is broken down mechanically and chemically by these organs as it moves through the digestive tract, with nutrients being absorbed in the small intestine and waste expelled from the anus.
The human digestive system breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the bloodstream for distribution to cells, while eliminating indigestible waste as feces. It consists of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus. Food enters through the mouth and passes through each component where digestion and absorption occur before exiting as waste.
The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by cells in the body. Digestion involves both mechanical and chemical processes carried out by the digestive tract, which includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid in digestion include the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The mouth begins digestion by chewing food, which is then swallowed and passes through the esophagus to the stomach, where further breakdown occurs. Nutrients are then absorbed in the small intestine before waste is eliminated in the large intestine, rectum, and anus.
The digestive system breaks food down through mechanical and chemical digestion to absorb nutrients. It includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs. The mouth chews food and saliva contains amylase. The stomach mixes food with acids and enzymes. The small intestine absorbs nutrients through villi and microvilli. The large intestine absorbs water and forms waste before elimination. Accessory organs like the liver, gallbladder and pancreas produce bile and enzymes to aid digestion.
The digestive system breaks down food and turns it into energy. Digestion begins in the mouth through chewing and the release of enzymes. Swallowed food then passes through the esophagus into the stomach, where it is stored, mixed with acids, and further broken down. The partially digested food then moves into the small intestine, where most digestion and absorption of nutrients occurs, before exiting the body through the large intestine and anus.
The document summarizes the main parts and processes of the human digestive system. It describes the six major processes of digestion - ingestion, propulsion, mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation. It then explains the functions and roles of the main digestive organs - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Finally, it discusses the accessory organs - liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands - and how they aid the digestion process.
The digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and accessory organs. The alimentary canal extends from the mouth to the anus. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Food is broken down mechanically and chemically by these organs as it moves through the digestive tract, with nutrients being absorbed in the small intestine and waste expelled from the anus.
Grade 7 chapter1 lesson1 - the digestive systemLermaPendon1
Lesson 2 The Digestive system
-Functions of Digestive system
-Digestion
-Types of Digestion
-Enzymes
-The role of Enzymes in Digestion
-Organs of Digestive system
-The Mouth
-the Esophagus
-Peristalsis
-The Stomach
-Chyme
-the Small Intestine
-Villi
-the Large intestine
-Bacteria and Digestion
-the Digestive system and Homeostasis
-Common Ailments and Disorders of the Digestive system
This document provides an overview of the human skeleton for students of Gulf Medical University. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which are to name parts of the skeleton, identify bones and explain their purposes, list bones by body part, and classify bones by origin, shape and structure. The document then defines the skeleton and its functions. It proceeds to describe bones in more detail, covering their composition, functions, classification by shape, development, body region, and microscopic and macroscopic structure. Diagrams are included to illustrate bone structures like the diaphysis, epiphysis, growth plate, and bone tissues.
The document discusses the human digestive system. It describes the major organs that make up the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder and large intestine. It explains the key functions of these organs, such as ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion. The document also outlines the roles of the digestive system in breaking down food, extracting nutrients, and eliminating waste.
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It describes how the digestive system breaks down complex molecules like lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. The main parts of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Enzymes play an important role in digestion by breaking down molecules.
Disorders and diseases of the digestive systemalexmikajamir
This document discusses disorders and diseases of the digestive system. It describes common disorders like diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. It also outlines diseases such as GERD, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and colon cancer. Technologies for monitoring the digestive system are also covered, including endoscopy, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. Various laboratory tests to diagnose digestive issues are mentioned as well, such as stool tests, anorectal manometry, and gastric manometry.
The digestive system helps break down food and absorb nutrients. It includes the mouth, which breaks food into pieces using teeth. Food then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. In the stomach, gastric juices break food down further into a liquid over three hours. This liquid passes into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Waste then moves to the large intestine and exits the body through the anus.
The human digestive system breaks down food through both mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth through chewing, while chemical digestion involves enzymes in saliva, gastric juice, and the pancreas. Food moves through the esophagus to the stomach and then into the small intestine, where most digestion occurs. Remaining waste moves into the large intestine to be excreted. Maintaining a healthy digestive system is important for nutrient absorption and preventing issues like acid reflux or constipation.
The digestive system turns food into energy and packages waste for disposal. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum and anus. Food is ingested, digestive juices and enzymes are secreted, food is mixed and moved through peristalsis and segmentation, nutrients are absorbed and waste is excreted.
The human digestive system breaks down food through a multi-step process involving the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and other organs like the liver and pancreas. Various hormones regulate digestion by signaling the stomach, pancreas and other organs to produce acids and enzymes that break down food. Nerves also control the movement of food through the digestive tract and the secretion of acids and enzymes.
This document discusses digestion and absorption. It describes the basic steps of digestion as ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation, and egestion. It then provides details on the structures and functions of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and digestive glands. It explains the processes of digestion in each part of the digestive tract and the absorption of digested nutrients. In 3 sentences or less:
This document summarizes the key stages and components of digestion and absorption, including the structures and functions of the digestive system from mouth to anus and the associated digestive glands. It also describes the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion in each part of the digestive tract and how
Human have a special digestive system than the other animals. We have to know how our body digest our food after having a meal. So, let's check it out.
The document summarizes digestion in human beings. It discusses the nutrients found in food and the three main types: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It explains that food must be digested into smaller molecules to pass through cell membranes and enter the bloodstream. Digestion is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system. The digestive system breaks down large food molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves chewing and peristalsis, while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break nutrients into absorbable molecules.
The document discusses the key structures and processes of the human digestive system. It begins by outlining the main stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, and egestion. It then describes the structures involved in ingestion like the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Next, it details the small intestine and how villi and microvilli increase absorption surface area. The document also discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas and large intestine in digestion and nutrient processing.
The document provides information about the small intestine. It notes that the small intestine is around 6 meters long and divided into 3 parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It describes the layers of the small intestine wall and discusses the villi and microvilli that line the intestine and help absorb nutrients. The document outlines the functions of the small intestine, including secreting enzymes to complete digestion, absorbing nutrients, and secreting hormones. It provides details on the absorption processes and locations in the small intestine for proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
The digestive system begins with the mouth, which includes the oral cavity, tongue, jaw, and throat. Food then passes into the esophagus and enters the stomach. In the stomach, food is churned with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes. The partly digested food then moves into the small intestine, where it is further broken down by enzymes from the liver, pancreas, and intestinal walls. The digested food is then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body. Undigested waste moves into the large intestine to absorb remaining water and salts before being excreted as feces through the anus.
Digestive System of the Human Body.
Detailed explaination.
According to ICSE syllabus for grade 9.
This Presentation includes: The alimentary canal, organs and their functions, secretions, processes and definitions.
Based on selina publishers- Biology Part 1 grade 9.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. It has two main components: the gastrointestinal tract and several accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Digestion is a multi-step process involving mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.
The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the gastrointestinal tract including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Food is ingested, mechanically and chemically broken down, absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is eliminated. The digestive system works through peristalsis, secretion of enzymes, and absorption of nutrients. Common digestive disorders include gastroenteritis, ulcers, appendicitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Irritable bowel syndrome and constipation are also linked to mental health issues like depression and anxiety through the gut
This document discusses the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that the state of a substance depends on temperature and pressure, and describes different phase changes like melting, boiling, freezing, and evaporation. It also compares the properties of the three states of matter and explains how particle motion and kinetic energy differences lead to changes between the states. The document provides examples to illustrate concepts like diffusion and discusses factors that influence the rate of diffusion.
Grade 7 chapter1 lesson1 - the digestive systemLermaPendon1
Lesson 2 The Digestive system
-Functions of Digestive system
-Digestion
-Types of Digestion
-Enzymes
-The role of Enzymes in Digestion
-Organs of Digestive system
-The Mouth
-the Esophagus
-Peristalsis
-The Stomach
-Chyme
-the Small Intestine
-Villi
-the Large intestine
-Bacteria and Digestion
-the Digestive system and Homeostasis
-Common Ailments and Disorders of the Digestive system
This document provides an overview of the human skeleton for students of Gulf Medical University. It begins by stating the learning objectives, which are to name parts of the skeleton, identify bones and explain their purposes, list bones by body part, and classify bones by origin, shape and structure. The document then defines the skeleton and its functions. It proceeds to describe bones in more detail, covering their composition, functions, classification by shape, development, body region, and microscopic and macroscopic structure. Diagrams are included to illustrate bone structures like the diaphysis, epiphysis, growth plate, and bone tissues.
The document discusses the human digestive system. It describes the major organs that make up the digestive tract, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder and large intestine. It explains the key functions of these organs, such as ingestion, digestion, absorption and excretion. The document also outlines the roles of the digestive system in breaking down food, extracting nutrients, and eliminating waste.
The document summarizes the key parts and functions of the human digestive system. It describes how the digestive system breaks down complex molecules like lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates into smaller components that can be absorbed and used by the body. The main parts of the digestive system include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver and pancreas. Enzymes play an important role in digestion by breaking down molecules.
Disorders and diseases of the digestive systemalexmikajamir
This document discusses disorders and diseases of the digestive system. It describes common disorders like diarrhea, constipation, and irritable bowel syndrome. It also outlines diseases such as GERD, esophagitis, peptic ulcers, gastritis, and colon cancer. Technologies for monitoring the digestive system are also covered, including endoscopy, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. Various laboratory tests to diagnose digestive issues are mentioned as well, such as stool tests, anorectal manometry, and gastric manometry.
The digestive system helps break down food and absorb nutrients. It includes the mouth, which breaks food into pieces using teeth. Food then moves to the stomach through the esophagus. In the stomach, gastric juices break food down further into a liquid over three hours. This liquid passes into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Waste then moves to the large intestine and exits the body through the anus.
The human digestive system breaks down food through both mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion begins in the mouth through chewing, while chemical digestion involves enzymes in saliva, gastric juice, and the pancreas. Food moves through the esophagus to the stomach and then into the small intestine, where most digestion occurs. Remaining waste moves into the large intestine to be excreted. Maintaining a healthy digestive system is important for nutrient absorption and preventing issues like acid reflux or constipation.
The digestive system turns food into energy and packages waste for disposal. It consists of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, rectum and anus. Food is ingested, digestive juices and enzymes are secreted, food is mixed and moved through peristalsis and segmentation, nutrients are absorbed and waste is excreted.
The human digestive system breaks down food through a multi-step process involving the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and other organs like the liver and pancreas. Various hormones regulate digestion by signaling the stomach, pancreas and other organs to produce acids and enzymes that break down food. Nerves also control the movement of food through the digestive tract and the secretion of acids and enzymes.
This document discusses digestion and absorption. It describes the basic steps of digestion as ingestion, digestion, absorption and assimilation, and egestion. It then provides details on the structures and functions of the digestive system, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and digestive glands. It explains the processes of digestion in each part of the digestive tract and the absorption of digested nutrients. In 3 sentences or less:
This document summarizes the key stages and components of digestion and absorption, including the structures and functions of the digestive system from mouth to anus and the associated digestive glands. It also describes the mechanical and chemical processes of digestion in each part of the digestive tract and how
Human have a special digestive system than the other animals. We have to know how our body digest our food after having a meal. So, let's check it out.
The document summarizes digestion in human beings. It discusses the nutrients found in food and the three main types: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. It explains that food must be digested into smaller molecules to pass through cell membranes and enter the bloodstream. Digestion is carried out by enzymes in the digestive system. The digestive system breaks down large food molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion. Mechanical digestion involves chewing and peristalsis, while chemical digestion uses enzymes to break nutrients into absorbable molecules.
The document discusses the key structures and processes of the human digestive system. It begins by outlining the main stages of digestion: ingestion, digestion, and egestion. It then describes the structures involved in ingestion like the mouth, esophagus and stomach. Next, it details the small intestine and how villi and microvilli increase absorption surface area. The document also discusses the roles of the liver, pancreas and large intestine in digestion and nutrient processing.
The document provides information about the small intestine. It notes that the small intestine is around 6 meters long and divided into 3 parts - the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. It describes the layers of the small intestine wall and discusses the villi and microvilli that line the intestine and help absorb nutrients. The document outlines the functions of the small intestine, including secreting enzymes to complete digestion, absorbing nutrients, and secreting hormones. It provides details on the absorption processes and locations in the small intestine for proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals.
The digestive system begins with the mouth, which includes the oral cavity, tongue, jaw, and throat. Food then passes into the esophagus and enters the stomach. In the stomach, food is churned with gastric juices containing hydrochloric acid and enzymes. The partly digested food then moves into the small intestine, where it is further broken down by enzymes from the liver, pancreas, and intestinal walls. The digested food is then absorbed into the bloodstream and transported throughout the body. Undigested waste moves into the large intestine to absorb remaining water and salts before being excreted as feces through the anus.
Digestive System of the Human Body.
Detailed explaination.
According to ICSE syllabus for grade 9.
This Presentation includes: The alimentary canal, organs and their functions, secretions, processes and definitions.
Based on selina publishers- Biology Part 1 grade 9.
The digestive system breaks down food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body's cells. It has two main components: the gastrointestinal tract and several accessory organs. The gastrointestinal tract runs from the mouth to the anus and includes the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Accessory organs that aid digestion include the teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas. Digestion is a multi-step process involving mechanical and chemical breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.
The digestive system breaks down ingested food into nutrients that can be absorbed and used by the body. It consists of the gastrointestinal tract including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and accessory organs like the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. Food is ingested, mechanically and chemically broken down, absorbed in the small intestine, and waste is eliminated. The digestive system works through peristalsis, secretion of enzymes, and absorption of nutrients. Common digestive disorders include gastroenteritis, ulcers, appendicitis, hepatitis, and cirrhosis of the liver. Irritable bowel syndrome and constipation are also linked to mental health issues like depression and anxiety through the gut
This document discusses the three states of matter - solids, liquids, and gases. It explains that the state of a substance depends on temperature and pressure, and describes different phase changes like melting, boiling, freezing, and evaporation. It also compares the properties of the three states of matter and explains how particle motion and kinetic energy differences lead to changes between the states. The document provides examples to illustrate concepts like diffusion and discusses factors that influence the rate of diffusion.
1. Velkommen Dette er en informasjons- PowerPoint om Fordøyelsessystemet For informasjon om innhold og bruk se forordet
2. Forord Denne PowerPointen er til bruk i naturfag på ungdomsskolen, innen undervisning om fordøyelsessystemet. Disse lilla prikkene indikerer at det er en link til videre informasjon om fordøyelsessystemet og de forskjellige delene det er delt inn i. (Det er også linket til bildet av de forskjellige delene.) PowerPointen er laget av Maren Løitegård Siste oppdatert 24.01.2008
3. Fordøyelsessystemet Fordøyelsessystemet starter i munnen og ender i endetarmen, og har en total lengde på 5-7 meter. Fordøyelsessystemets primæroppgave er å spalte/fordøye maten vi spiser. Selve fordøyelsesprosessen er en prosess for å bryte ned næringsstoffer til så små enheter at de kan tas opp av kroppen og spres ut til alle cellene. Disse nyttegjør næringsenhetene som energi og byggeklosser til å reparere, vedlikeholde og danne nye celler og nytt vev som kroppen trenger. Stoffer i maten som kroppen ikke trenger, blir skilt ut som avføring. Se deler av fordøyelsessystemet innvendig her ( ekstern link, åpnes i nytt vindu )
4. Munnen Fordøyelsen starter i munnen ved at maten blir kuttet opp i mindre biter og tilsatt spytt. Spytt er basisk (altså har det en pH på over 7). Et voksent menneske produserer ca 1,5 liter spytt pr dag. Tungen blander spyttet og maten. Spyttet inneholder enzymet amylase, som spalter stivelsemolekyler fra polysakkarider til disakkarider. Spyttet dreper bakterier og bidrar til å bløte opp maten slik at den blir lettere å svelge. Når maten er ferdig tygget, blandet og fordelt, (etter ca 1 min), skyves maten ned i svelget av tungen.
5. Svelget Svelget ligger rett etter munnen og like før spiserøret. Det er også her fordøyelsessystemet og respirasjonssystemet krysser hverandre. Dette området er ofte kalt strupen, og inneholder stupehode og strupelokk. Inni strupehodet finner vi stemmebåndene. Når vi svelger løftes strupehodet slik at strupelokket lukker for inngangen til luftrøret. Dette hindrer at spytt, slim og mat kommer ned i luftveiene.
6. Respirasjonssystemet Respirasjonssystemet består av luftveiene og lungene. Når vi puster inn, trekkes luft gjennom luftveiene ned i lungene. Luften renses og varmes opp i luftveiene. Når vi puster ut, presses luften fra lungene ut gjennom luftveiene. Respirasjonssystemet sørger for gassutveksling, det vil si at kroppen får oksygen (O2) og kan kvitte seg med karbondioksid (CO2). Lungene består av flere hundre millioner små luft fylte blærer. Til sammen utgjør de en flate på 70-80m 2 . Det er viktig for å kunne utveksle nok oksygen og karbondioksid mellom både blodet og luften i lungene.
7. Spiserøret Spiserøret er et ca 25cm langt rør som leder maten fra svelget og ned i magesekken. Tyngdekraften hjelper maten nedover spiserøret, det gjør også muskelsammentrekninger som kalles for peristaltikk . Akkurat der spiserøret går over i magesekken er spenningen i muskulaturen spesielt stor, og muskulaturen slapper bare av når maten skal passere inn i magesekken. Dette hindrer at mageinnholdet kommer tilbake til spiserøret og skaper såkalt halsbrann. Fra svelget til magesekken tar det ca 4 sekunder.
8. Peristaltikk Peristaltikk er en langsom bølgeliknende bevegelse, som forekommer i rørformede organer i kroppen som; spiserøret, tarmene, egglederne og gallegangene. Peristaltikk oppstår ved en sammentrekning like ovenfor det stedet hvor innholdet i røret befinner seg, samtidig som partiet under slapper av. Når dette gjentas trinnvis i en serie, føres innholdet i røret i riktig retning. Disse muskelsammentrekningene er så sterke at selv om man spiser samtidig som man står på hode, vil maten ende opp i magesekken.
9. Magesekken Spiserøret ender i magesekken, som har et volum på ca 50-150 ml når den er tom, men den kan utvide seg til ca 1-1,5 liter når man har spist. I celleveggen i magesekken sitter det muskler og små kjertler. Disse kjertlene skiller ut magesyre med pH 1-3 som består av saltsyre, enzymet pepsin, slim og vann. Den sure magesaften nøytraliserer det basiske spyttet som ble tilført maten i munnhulen. Det sure miljøet gjør at enzymene jobber ”fortere” med spaltingen. Enzymet pepsin begynner å spalte proteiner til mindre enheter og magemusklenes bevegelser elter og fordeler maten. Maten blir i magesekken i 3-4 timer før den gradvis blir ført videre til første del av tynntarmen nemlig tolvfingertarmen.
10. Tolvfingertarmen Tolvfingertarmen er første del av tynntarmen og er ca 25-30 cm. Det er hit maten kommer etter den har vært i magesekken. Mellom magesekken og tolvfingertarmen sitter det en lukkemuskel som kalles portnermuskelen, denne åpner seg ca tre ganger pr minutt og porsjonerer maten inn i tolvfingertarmen. Spyttet startet spaltingen av karbohydrater i munnen og magesyren startet spaltingen av stivelse i magesekken. Denne spaltingen fortsetter i tolvfingertarmen ved at det blir tilført bukspytt med mer enzymer. I tillegg starter også spaltingen av fett, ved at det tilføres galle som produseres i leveren . Bukspyttet er også svakt basisk slik at det nøytraliserer den sure magesaften.
11. Galle Maten i tolvfingertarmen er blandet med vann fra spytt og magesaft. Fett kan ikke løses opp i vann, men gallen hjelper til å finfordele fettet til små kuler. Disse kulene kan lett brytes videre ned av enzymer i tarmen. Uten galle ville fettet ha klumpet seg sammen i tarmen, slik at det ikke ville kunne brytes ned. Gallen lages i leveren som overfører den til lagring i galleblæra. Der blir noe av vannet sugd opp, noe som gjør gallen konsentrert. Gallen blir overført til tolvfingertarmen etter behov.
12.
13. Lever Leveren er kroppens største kjertel og veier ca 1,5kg. Den er nødvendig for å behandle stoffer som næringsstoffer og avfallsstoffer. Alle næringsstoffer som kroppen tar opp gjennom fordøyelsen blir transportert til leveren med blodet. Levercellene kan omdannet et næringsstoff til et annet, for eksempel karbohydrater til fett og proteiner til glukose. Levercellene kan også lagre stoffer, men den må først omgjøre stoffene til lagrbare stoffer som, glukose kan lagres, men må først omgjøres til glykogen. Cellene kan også lagre fett, vitaminer og jern. Mange av avfallsstoffene, giftstoffer (alkohol) og medisiner brytes ned av levercellene. Leveren produserer også galle og nye blodceller.
14. Tynntarmen Tynntarmen er 3-4 m lang og 3-4 cm bred og blir delt i tre deler; tolvfingertarmen, jejenum og ilenum. I tynntarmen blir næringsstoffene sugd opp. Opptaket er størst i første del av tynntarmen. Monosakkarider og aminosyrer blir sugd opp til blodet og fettsyrer til lymfen. For at oppsugingen skal bli så god som mulig, er tynntarmen lang, og innsiden har store folder. Slimhinnen utenpå foldene er også buktet i nye folder (eller tarmtotter). På den måten får tarmen en stor aktiv flate, til sammen 250m 2 . Inni disse foldene er det blodårer som suger til seg næringsstoffene og frakter dem til leveren. Vanligvis bruker maten 3-5 timer gjennom tynntarmen.
15. Tykktarmen Tykktarmen er nesten 1,5 m lang og kommer etter tynntarmen. Den er delt i fire deler; en oppadgående del, en tverrgående del, en nedadgående del og en S-formet del. I tykktarmen skjer det ingen oppsugning av næringsstoffer, men oppsugning av vann og salter. Ved at vannet blir suges opp, blir det løse tarminnholdet mye fastere. Det er lite aktivitet i tykktarmen om natten, det gir grobunn for bakterier, noen av disse bakteriene kan lage vitaminer som kroppen trenger (K-vitaminer og enkelte B-vitaminer). Disse vitaminene blir sugd opp fra tykktarmen sammen med vannet. Maten eller tarminnholdet kan oppholde seg i tykktarmen fra 10 timer til flere dager.
16. Endetarmen Endetarmen er siste del av fordøyelsessystemet og er ca 15 cm lang. Halvparten av avføringen er vann og ikke fordøyelige matrester. Resten er tarmbakterier og døde tarmceller. Endetarmen har to lukkemuskler. Den indre er en ring av muskler rundt tarmen, den åpnes av de peristaltiske bølgene og kan ikke styre av viljen. Den ytre lukkemuskelen er i motsetning til den indre, viljestyrt. Den er en ring av muskler rundt endetarmsåpningen som gjør at vi kan holde igjen og kontrollere avføringen.