for people how want tom pass

1. LIFE PROCCESS AND ORGANISMS
15/06/2022

2. THE 8 LIFE PROCESSES
 Life processes are the basic processes in living organisms which
are necessary for maintaining their life. The basic life processes
are – nutrition, respiration, transportation, excretion, growth,
movement, and reproduction.
 i) Nutrition :– is the process of taking food by an organism and
its utilization by the body for life processes.
 ii) Respiration :– is the process by which food is burnt in the
cells of the body with the help of oxygen to release energy.
 iii) Transportation :– is the process by which food, oxygen,
water, waste products are carried from one part of the body to
the other,
 iv) Excretion :- is the process by which waste products are
removed from the body.

3.  vi) Growth: -Growth refers to the increase in mass and size of
a body or organs. It typically occurs through the multiplication
of cells and an increase in intracellular substance
 vii) Movement:- These can be defined as the ability of
organisms to move from one place to another
 viii) Reproduction:- Reproduction (or procreation or breeding)
is the biological process by which new individual organisms –
"offspring" – are produced from their "parent" or parents.
Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life; each
individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There
are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual .

4.  Cells:- A cell is an area on a spreadsheet where
data can be entered.
 Multicellular organisms:-is an organism composed
of many cells
 ANIMAL CELL
Are the basic unit of life in organisms of kingdom
animalia

5. PLANT CELL :a cell that is structural and functional
unit of plant

6.  Cytoplasm:-a living material that makes uo a cell and
it has a texture rather like sloopy jelly,in other words
somewhere between a solid and a liquid
 Nucleus:-it controls the activities of the cell and is
also known as the largest organelle
 Chromosomes:-A chromosome is the structure
housing DNA in a cell.
 Cell membrane:-it is used to distinguish other
membranes inside the cell

7.  Cell wall:-is a layer of non-living material that is
found outside the cell membrane of plant cells
 Vacoule:-is a permant feature of the cell and it is
filled with watery liquid called cell sap
 Chloroplast:-absorb light energy to make food in
the process of photosynthesis and they contain a
green pigment called chlorophyll

8. ENZYMES
 Enzymes are biological catalysts.
 But enzymes is the chemical reactions that take place
in a cell and they are controlled by a group of proteins
Secretion is the release of a fluid or substances from a cell
or tissue

9.  These substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme
like a key fitting into a lock.
 Just as a key will only fit into the active site of a
particular enzyme. These is known as the lock and key
model of enzyme action.
FACTORS AFFECTING ENZYMES
>Temperature:Temperature: Raising
temperature generally speeds up a reaction,
and lowering temperature slows down a
reaction. ...

10. Graph on effects of temperature
Effects of the temperature on the action of an enzyme

11.  pH:-As the pH value is increased above or decreased
below the optimum pH the enzyme
activity decreases. At very acidic and alkaline pH
values the shape of the enzyme is altered so that it is
no longer complementary to its specific substrate. This
effect can be permanent and irreversible and is called
denaturation.

12. Most enzymes work best at a neutral pH

13. HOW THE CELL GETS ITS ENERGY
 Cells in your body get energy from the foods that are
eaten, such as glucose (a sugar). This food is ingested
via consumption and digested via the digestive system.
Food is initially mechanicaly digested in the mouth.

14.  The overall reaction for respiration is:
 C6H12O6 6O2 6CO2 6H2O
energy
• Aerobic cellular respiration refers to the process by
which living organisms convert nutrients into
energy for the body to use via the oxidization of
nutrients. During aerobic respiration, catabolic
reactions convert larger complex organic molecules
into ATP, the chemical that drives most
physiological processes in the body.