Food irradiation is a technology that uses ionizing radiation like gamma rays, x-rays, and electron beams to eliminate microbial contamination in food while maintaining nutritional quality. It has advantages like inhibiting spoilage and extending shelf life without increasing temperatures or leaving chemical residues. While it has increased acceptance, some consumers remain wary of safety. Food irradiation facilities use radiation sources, shielding, and specialized equipment to process food through controlled irradiation doses.