This document discusses plastic food packaging and potential residual migrations. It defines food packaging and its main functions of protection, containment, and maintaining food safety. It describes different types of plastic packaging materials like polyethylene, polypropylene, and PVC. Potential migrants from plastic packaging that can enter food include benzophenone, dioxins, and additives. The document outlines factors that control migration and notes global and specific migration, which refer to the total transfer of substances and transfer of identifiable substances, respectively. In conclusion, it emphasizes that food packaging is important for product handling, transport, and safety.

1. Legislative and Safety Aspects of
Plastic Food Packaging and potential
residual migrations

2. Group members:
Sr.No Name ID#
01 Muhammad Imtiaz
02 Ifra Nazir
03 Alisha Javed
04 Saad Mehmood

3. Introduction:
It can be considered as a combination of art, science and technology that is used
in the transportation and selling of foods.
The primary role of food packaging is to protect food products from the outside
environment and from damage.
The main requirement of food packaging is to maintain the safety, wholesomeness
and quality of food.

4. Packaging:
Packaging can be defined as a method to protect and contain foods with the
aim of minimizing the environmental impact of our consumption.
The Packaging Institute International (PII) defines packaging as the
enclosure of products, items or packages in a wrapped pouch, bag, box, cup,
tray, can, tube, bottle or other container form to perform one or more of the
following functions containment, protection, preservation, communication,
utility and performance. If the device or container performs one or more of
these functions, it is considered.

5. Cont.….
• Advantages:
 It enhances the shelf life and protects from hazards and easy handling.
• Level of Packaging:
• There are three level of packaging.
Primary
 Secondary
 Tertiary packaging.

6. Function of packaging:
• The function of packaging include:
Containment
Protection
Convenience
Communication and different packages for different food
products.

7. Protection:
One of the main objectives of the packaging of
food is to protect it against spoilage or
deterioration due to physical damage, chemical
changes or biological damage.

8. Communication:
Any special instructions or information.

9. Convenience:
 Ease of access, handling, and disposal;
product visibility; resealability.

10. Containment:
Hold the contents and keep them secure
until they are used.

11. Types of packaging materials:
Paper packaging
Glass packaging
Paperboard packaging
Plastic packaging

12. Plastic packaging:
Plastics are synthesized by condensation, addition or crosslinking polymerization of
monomer units.
 In condensation polymerization, the polymer chain grows by condensation reactions
between molecules and is accompanied by the formation of water or alcohol.
 The thermal and mechanical properties can be partially modified in order to manufacture
retortable packages with plastics that have a high melting point, or thermosealable packages
making use of plastics with a low melting point and to develop very flexible structures
(sachets and wrappings), semirigid structures (trays and tubs) and rigid structures (bottles,
closures and tanks).

13. Polymers can be classified into two types
according to their behavior on heating:
Thermoplastic and Thermosetting polymers:
Thermoplastic polymers soften and melt on heating and solidify again on cooling.
They are easily molded and extruded into films, fibers and packaging. Examples
include polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.
 Thermosetting polymers, in contrast, become hardened on cooling, and these
plastics retain their shape and cannot return to their original form. They are hard
and durable. Thermosets include polyurethanes, polyesters, epoxy resins and
phenolic resins. • Thermoplastics are less rigid than thermosets.

14. Types of plastic:
• Various types:
 Polyolefins
Polyesters
Polyvinyl chloride
Polyvinylidene chloride
 Polystyrene
Polyamide and ethylene vinyl alcohol.
 Polyolefins and polyesters are the most common.

15. Plastic packaging (potential migrant):
Migrants:
Migrants are substances or material that enter into the food via packaging
materials and this process is called migration.
There are many types of migrant that affect the food is

16. Benzophenone:
• 1) Benzophenone:
BP is significantly used as photo initiator for inks and lacquer and very sensitive to
UV light.
During the curing processing small portion of initiator is used and BP migrant
through the open structure of carton board enter into packaged food.

17. DIOXIN:
• Dioxin:
Dioxin is belong to a family of (PCCDs) polychlorinated dibenzo -p- dioxins.
During the bleaching technique dioxin raised to mercerization the pulp whilst
chlorine is used.
Production of dioxin is reduced if the bleached paper board is used.

18. Migration of additives from packaging material to
food:
There are two types of migration viz.
Global migration:
Refers to total transfer i.e. the quantity of all substances migrating
from the package into the packaged food.
(Unit: mg/dm2).
Specific migration
Specific migration related to the transfer of one or more identifiable
substances that is a constituent of the packaging material.
(Unit: mg/kg).

19. Factors that control the migration:
Diffusion process of migrants.
Composition of packaging material.
The nature and extent of contact.
 Nature of the food.
Temperature of contact surface.
The duration of contact. M= t1/2.

20. CONCLUSION:
In today’s Modern Era Packaging is considering as the most important
Factor in any industries around the globe. Packaging have many benefits
such as the product is easy to handle, easy to transport, product remain
safe in the package etc.
On the other hand, Food is the largest industry that used packaging for the
product. Every Food product is packed in some sort of package to deliver it
to the consumers.

21. Cont.….
• Now as the Packaging industries are progressing day by day, many new trends are
introducing in the packaging. One of the new packaging trends is vacuum
packaging. This type of packaging is used for perishable food commodities
• Through packaging the work load of every industry will minimize. They get ease of
doing work because handling the material with proper packaging is much easier.
Every industry is incomplete without the packaging process.