The document provides an overview of food allergens including their classification, reaction mechanisms, major allergens, thresholds, and symptoms. It discusses how the immune system can mistakenly identify food proteins as invaders and produce antibodies that cause an allergic reaction through the release of histamine. The major food allergens include peanuts, tree nuts, milk, eggs, wheat, soy, fish and shellfish. Symptoms range from mild hives or rashes to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis. Proper control and labeling of allergens in food is important to prevent adverse reactions.

1. Food Allergen
An Overview
Sabbir Ahmed

2. 1. Classification of food reaction in our digestive system
2. Food allergy and its reaction mechanism.
3. Major Allergen in different state and their threshold level
4. Symptom of Food Allergen
5. Control of Allergen
Outline

3. Reactions to
Food
Toxic Non Toxic
Immune Mediated
(Food Allergy)
IgE (Acute :
Wheat allergy)
Non-IgE
(Delayed
(Coeliac
disease))
Non Immune
Mediated (Food
Intolerance)
Enzymatic Pharmacological Undefined
Psychosomatic
Classification of Food Allergy and Food Intolerance by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI), 2004.

4. Food Allergy
A food Allergy is defined as an immune system abnormal
response in presence of allergen.
Allergen
• Naturally-occurring proteins in foods
• Derivatives of proteins in foods
They cause abnormal immune responses. But naturally
they are Harmless.

5. How It Works:
• Body immune system mistakenly recognized a food
protein (allergen) as an invader and
• Produces antibodies to fight it an attempt to protect the
body.
• Histamine is released into the bloodstream and
• Acts on the eyes, nose, throat, lungs, skin or
gastrointestinal tract and cause symptoms of the allergic
reaction.

6. How It Works:
Mast cells are is a type of white blood cell. Ang "master regulators" of the immune system. They come from bone
marrow and go into all tissues of the body. it contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin.

7. General standard for the labelling of prepackaged foods. Codex Stan 1-1985 / 4.2.1.4;

8. Food Allergies -Codex List
90%
10% The Big 8
10% Hundrades of
Others

9. 14 Allergens (EU)
1. Celery
2. Cereals
3. Crustaceans
4. Egg
5. Fish
6. Lupin
7. Milk
8. Molluses
9. Mustard
10. Nuts
11. Peanuts
12. Seasme Seeds
13. Soya
14. Sulphur dioxide

10. Consumer Affairs Agency, Government of Japan (CAA ), 2013,
(http://www.caa.go.jp/en/policy/food_labeling/)
Allergens-Japan
1. Shrimp/Prawn
2. Crab
3. Wheat
4. Buckwheat
5. Egg
6. Milk
7. Peanuts

12. Significant of Allergens
Approximately 14 million Americans suffer from true food allergies
https://www.forbes.com/sites/niallmccarthy/2017/06/14/study-less-than-four-percent-
of-americans-have-food-allergies-infographic/

13. Food Allergens - International Regulatory Chart | FARRP | Nebraska; University of Nebraska–Lincoln

20. Summary of Published LOAELs
Food LOAEL (mg protein)
Egg 0.13 to 1.0
Peanut 0.25 to 10
Milk 0.36 to 3.6
Tree Nuts 0.02 to 7.5
Soy 88 to 522
Fish 1 to 100
**LOAEL = Lowest Observed Adverse Effect
Food Allergen Threshold
** Vieths S. Avoidance of hidden allergens in processed foods: a challenge for food
chemists and manufacturers. Nahrung 2003;47(2):73;

21. Symptoms

22. Symptoms- Wheat Allergy
 Swelling, itching or irritation of the mouth or throat.
 Hives, itchy rash or swelling of the skin.
 Nasal congestion.
 Headache.
 Difficulty breathing.
 Cramps, nausea or vomiting.
 Diarrhea.
 Anaphylaxis
Potentially life-threatening reaction
that impairs breathing and can cause
the body to go into shock

23. Symptoms- Fish Allergy
 Hives or a skin rash.
 Nausea, stomach cramps, indigestion, vomiting and/or diarrhea.
 Stuffy or runny nose and/or sneezing.
 Headaches.
 Asthma

24. Symptoms- Milk Allergy
 Hives
 Stomach upset
 Vomiting
 Bloody stools, especially in children

25. Symptoms- Peanut Allergy
 Runny nose. A runny or congested nose.
 Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling.
 Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat.
 Tightening of the throat.
 Shortness of breath or wheezing.

26. Symptoms- Peanut Allergy
 Runny nose. A runny or congested nose.
 Skin reactions, such as hives, redness or swelling.
 Itching or tingling in or around the mouth and throat.
 Tightening of the throat.
 Shortness of breath or wheezing.

27. Symptoms- Shellfish Allergy
 Vomiting
 Stomach cramps
 Hives all over the body
 Shortness of breath
 Wheezing
 Repetitive cough
 Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
 Swelling of the tongue and/or lips
 Weak pulse
 Pale or blue coloring of the skin

28. Symptoms- Shellfish Allergy
 Vomiting
 Stomach cramps
 Hives all over the body
 Shortness of breath
 Wheezing
 Repetitive cough
 Tight, hoarse throat; trouble swallowing
 Swelling of the tongue and/or lips
 Weak pulse
 Pale or blue coloring of the skin

29. Symptoms- Tree Nut Allergy
 Abdominal pain, cramps, nausea and vomiting
 Diarrhea
 Difficulty swallowing
 Itching of the mouth, throat, eyes, skin or any other area
 Nasal congestion or a runny nose
 Nausea
 Shortness of breath
 Anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening reaction that impairs
breathing and can send the body into shock

30. Control of Allergen

31. The food of one
may be
poison for another
It is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will not be imperiled in a hundred battles.

32. Thank You