2. Minerals are essential for the normal growth
and maintanance of the body.
If the daily requirement is more than 100 mg
then it is major elements and if it is less it is
trace elements.
INTRODUCTION
4. Fluorine is a chemical element with the
symbol F and atomic number 9. It is the
lightest member of halogens of group 17.
5. prevents the development of dental caries.
lt forms a protective layer of acidresistant
fluoroapatite with hydroxyapatite of the enamel
and prevents the tooth decay by bacterial acids.
Further, fluoride inhibits the bacterial enzymes
and reduces the production of acids.
Biochemical functions
FLUORINE
6. Fluoride is necessary for the proper
lt inhibits the activities of certain
Sodium fluoride inhibits enolase (of
glycolysis) while fluoroacetate inhibits
aconitase (of citric acid cycle).
development of bones.
enzymes.
8. Safe limit of fluorine - 1 ppm in H2O
1 ppm = 1 gram of fluoride in million gram of
H2O
also equal to 1 mg per 1000 ml.
DIETARYREQUIREMENTSANDITSSOURCES
11. DEFICIENCY MANIFESTATIONS.
Dental caries: lt is clearly established that
drinking water containing less than 0.5 ppm of
fluoride is associated with the development of
dental caries in children.
12. The bacterial fermentation of residual food leads to
acid production.this acid removes enamel and dentine
to expose the pulp,leading to inflammation and
toothache.
17. Fluoride level more than 20 ppm will cause
toxicity-fluorosis.
osteosclerosis
brittle bones
osteoporosis
18. GENU VALGUM is a characteristic feature of fluorosis.
KNOCK KNEES
19. About 25 million people in
India are suffering from
fluorosis,spread in 15 states.
20. Prevention of fluorosis
Providing Fluoride free water
Restriction of intake of jowar
Supplementation of Vitamin C
Regulation of fluoride containing
toothpaste
