FLUORIDE
• PRESENTED BY
RAKSHITHA SHREE J (Roll number -18)
SAIMA TAMKEEN (Roll number -19)
SANDHYA T (Roll number -20)
SHRAVAN T V (Roll number -21)
SIMRAN RAJPUROHIT (Roll number -22)

INTRODUCTION
• ATOMIC NUMBER – 09
• ATOMIC MASS – 18.998 u (19u)
• SYMBOL – F
• BLOCK – P
• GROUP – 17
• About 99% of fluoride is found in bones and teeth.

SOURCES
• DRINKING FLUORIDATED WATER IS A GOOD SOURCE.
• FOOD(SPECIALLY SEA FOOD), BEVERAGES
• TOOTH PASTE AND OTHER DENTAL PRODUCTS
• FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS.

RDA (REQUIRED DIETARY ALLOWANCE)
• Infants (from 0 – 6 years) – 0.01 mg/day
• Children (9 – 13 years) – 2.0mg/day
• Adolescence and adults (14 - ∞) – 3.0 mg/day
• Pregnancy and lactating women – 3.0 mg/day

METABOLISM OF FLUORINE
• Fluorine is consumed orally, it may exist in different forms like NaF, CaF2, MgF2 etc..
• Fluoride is absorbed in our body through passive diffusion.
What is it?
• Fluoride is absorbed in the gastro – intestinal tract (stomach and small intestine)
• From this Gastro – intestinal tract, it enters the plasma in the form of HF, (hydrogen fluoride)
in this process plasma is also referred as “ Central Compartment”
• From plasma, it is absorbed to teeth, bone and soft tissues.
• Compounds like NaF will be absorbed faster than CaF2

EXCRETION
• Excreted through kidneys in the form of urine, feces.
• Excreted in small amounts through sweat & saliva.
• Excreted in limited amount through breast milk.
• Around 50% excreted each day through kidneys
• If the kidney is damaged, the fluoride level will increase in serum & it will increase
in bones as well.

FUNCTIONS
• One of the main functions of fluoride is to keep the health of our bones and teeth
•Fluoride action on teeth
a) prevents demineralization
b) enhances remineralization
c) fluoride reduces enamel solubility

Fluorides in toothpastes
a) Important compound of toothpaste
b) Protect the tooth by making the enamel harder
c) Level of fluoride must be carefully controlled and measured accurately.

FLUORIDE IN WATER (WATER
FLUORIDATION)
• Addition of fluoride to public water supply.
• Community water fluoridation is safe and effective in preventing dental caries in both children
and adults.

FLUORIDE IN BONES
• Prevents bone fracture
• Enhances remineralization

DISORDERS OF FLUORINE
FLUORIDE DEFICIENCY
• Usually Fluorine from food is not considered harmful, since the amount of fluorine
present in food itself is in small amounts.
• Consumption of less fluorine through food leads to fluorine deficiency.
• Fluoride deficiency is a disorder which may cause increased
a) Dental caries
b) Osteoporosis

• Fluoride is a naturally occurring compound, it can still cause side effects when
consumed in large doses.
It leads to few disorders like
Dental fluorosis
Skeletal fluorosis

DENTAL FLUOROSIS
• It is a developmental disturbance of dental enamel caused by excessive exposure to
high concentration of fluoride during development.
• It occurs due to inappropriate/not using fluoride containing dental products.
Weak teeth
Rough teeth with brown or yellow patches on surface.

SKELETAL FLUOROSIS
• Skeletal fluorosis is similar to dental fluorosis, but it involves bones instead of teeth.
Early symptoms include joint pain and stiffness.
Overtime it can alter bone structure and cause the calcification of ligaments

TIME FOR SOME QUICK QUESTION…..
• What do you mean by passive diffusion?
• Atomic number and Atomic mass of fluorine.
atomic number = 9 atomic mass = 18.998 (19u)
• Two sources of fluorine?
Fluoridated water, toothpaste, mouthwash, supplements.
Movement of
molecules from
region of higher
concentration to
region of lower
concentration

BIBLIOGRAPHY
• “BIOCHEMISTRY” By U.Sathyanarayana and U. Chakrapani
• “TEXTBOOK OF BIOCHEMISTRY” By D.M Vasudevan
• Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Third edition) 2014, By R.W. Kapp Jr.
• Link of website referred
https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-fluoride