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13 AR1305 architectural graphics
13AR1305 ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS -II Module – I
Perspective drawing
Leonardo’s window
Perspective projection concepts.
Vanishing points.
Station points.
Picture planes.
Types of perspective-
Single point perspective,
Two point perspective.
Perspective projection of simple objects, buildings,
Interior perspectives, human figures.
Landscapes etc in perspective, Sciography.
Indus valley
Architectural detail about Indus valley civilization which is also also called as Harappan civilization and it is mainly known for Mohenjo - Daro and Harappan civilization.
PRINCIPLES OF SHADOW CASTING
This document outlines six principles of dental radiography: 1) use the smallest possible X-ray source to reduce image blurriness, 2) maximize the distance between the X-ray source and object, 3) minimize the distance between the object and receptor, 4) keep the receptor and tooth parallel, 5) direct the X-ray beam perpendicular to the receptor, and 6) avoid movement during exposure to prevent penumbra formation and blurring. It also defines the three parts of a shadow - the umbra, penumbra, and antumbra.
Our common future - The Brundtland Commission Report.
The Brundtland Report from 1987 defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." It highlighted the three pillars of sustainable development as the environment, economy, and society. The report led to the creation of Agenda 21, which outlined global, national and local actions to make life on Earth more sustainable. The Brundtland Report emphasized the need for economic growth in developing nations, environmental conservation, and social equity both within and between countries.
Presentation1 2
Etienne-Louis Boullée was an influential 18th century French architect known for his abstract geometric style inspired by classical forms. He removed unnecessary ornamentation and inflated geometric shapes to a large scale with repeating elements like columns. His drawings included projects for public buildings such as churches, palaces, and theaters that emphasized regular shapes through symmetry, order and proportion to create a sense of grandeur, beauty and harmony. He also designed cenotaphs and cemeteries meant to evoke dark and somber feelings through sparse, bare walls and shadows.
Architectural design studio responsibilities and expectations
This document discusses the philosophy and strategies of architectural design studio teaching. It emphasizes that studio teaching is an active learning approach where students direct their own learning, rather than a traditional classroom. Good studio teaching involves project-based learning, clear expectations, and feedback to help students develop problem-solving and design skills. Faculties should demonstrate design examples, facilitate peer critique, and make mid-course adjustments to improve outcomes. The goal is to ignite students' passion for design and critical thinking.
Mfr
The document discusses various documentation practices that are important in the pharmaceutical industry. It covers documentation requirements for raw materials, packaging materials, production records, quality control records, and other key areas. Maintaining proper documentation is essential for regulatory compliance, process validation, batch traceability, and ensuring product quality.
Recommended
13 AR1305 architectural graphics
13AR1305 ARCHITECTURAL GRAPHICS -II Module – I
Perspective drawing
Leonardo’s window
Perspective projection concepts.
Vanishing points.
Station points.
Picture planes.
Types of perspective-
Single point perspective,
Two point perspective.
Perspective projection of simple objects, buildings,
Interior perspectives, human figures.
Landscapes etc in perspective, Sciography.
Indus valley
Architectural detail about Indus valley civilization which is also also called as Harappan civilization and it is mainly known for Mohenjo - Daro and Harappan civilization.
PRINCIPLES OF SHADOW CASTING
This document outlines six principles of dental radiography: 1) use the smallest possible X-ray source to reduce image blurriness, 2) maximize the distance between the X-ray source and object, 3) minimize the distance between the object and receptor, 4) keep the receptor and tooth parallel, 5) direct the X-ray beam perpendicular to the receptor, and 6) avoid movement during exposure to prevent penumbra formation and blurring. It also defines the three parts of a shadow - the umbra, penumbra, and antumbra.
Our common future - The Brundtland Commission Report.
The Brundtland Report from 1987 defined sustainable development as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs." It highlighted the three pillars of sustainable development as the environment, economy, and society. The report led to the creation of Agenda 21, which outlined global, national and local actions to make life on Earth more sustainable. The Brundtland Report emphasized the need for economic growth in developing nations, environmental conservation, and social equity both within and between countries.
Presentation1 2
Etienne-Louis Boullée was an influential 18th century French architect known for his abstract geometric style inspired by classical forms. He removed unnecessary ornamentation and inflated geometric shapes to a large scale with repeating elements like columns. His drawings included projects for public buildings such as churches, palaces, and theaters that emphasized regular shapes through symmetry, order and proportion to create a sense of grandeur, beauty and harmony. He also designed cenotaphs and cemeteries meant to evoke dark and somber feelings through sparse, bare walls and shadows.
Architectural design studio responsibilities and expectations
This document discusses the philosophy and strategies of architectural design studio teaching. It emphasizes that studio teaching is an active learning approach where students direct their own learning, rather than a traditional classroom. Good studio teaching involves project-based learning, clear expectations, and feedback to help students develop problem-solving and design skills. Faculties should demonstrate design examples, facilitate peer critique, and make mid-course adjustments to improve outcomes. The goal is to ignite students' passion for design and critical thinking.
Mfr
The document discusses various documentation practices that are important in the pharmaceutical industry. It covers documentation requirements for raw materials, packaging materials, production records, quality control records, and other key areas. Maintaining proper documentation is essential for regulatory compliance, process validation, batch traceability, and ensuring product quality.
Architectural education starting from zero
The document discusses several topics related to architecture in India:
1. Construction is the second largest economic activity in India after agriculture, accounting for 11% of India's GDP.
2. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed doubling investment in construction to around $1 trillion from the previous plan.
3. India has a demographic dividend with a younger population compared to countries like China, which provides potential for economic gains if the youth are properly educated to develop skills.
4. Architectural education in India focuses too much on theory and paper degrees rather than practical learning and hands-on experience.
Sciography of objects (shade & shadow)
A study of shades and shadows cast by simple architectural forms on plain surfaces.
Sciography is a branch of science of the perspective dealing with the projection of shadows, or delineation of an object in
perspective with its gradations of light and shade.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture. It provides an overview of key architectural features associated with Buddhism such as pillars, stupas, and rock-cut caves that were developed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka to spread Buddhism. It then describes the architectural developments during the early Mahayana phase, including masonry stupas, wooden chaitya halls, and rock-cut monasteries. Specific examples of notable Buddhist architectural structures are highlighted such as the Sanchi stupas, Ajanta caves, and Borobudur temple. In conclusion, it notes how Buddhist communities decided to promote their religion through architectural monuments that reflected the preachings of Buddha and spread Buddhism across many countries through a variety of styles
Light and shadow
The document discusses light sources and shadows. It explains that the moon, water, and mirrors are not light sources themselves, but rather reflect light from other sources. It describes how cast shadows are created by opaque objects blocking light and how their shape depends on the object and light source. Specifically, it notes that a sphere casts a round or elliptical shadow depending on the light angle and that lower light sources create longer shadows. The document also provides tips for highlighting and shading drawings, such as using different pencil pressures to create values from light to dark.
Sri Rangam
The Srirangam temple complex in Srirangam, India is the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, covering over 630,000 square meters. It is bounded by the Kaveri River and its distributary, the Kollidam River. The complex consists of 7 walled sections and 21 towers, including the 236 foot tall Rajagopuram tower that dominates the landscape for miles. The temple contains many structures like the Hall of 1000 Pillars and shrines to various forms of Vishnu. It follows Dravidian architecture and attracts over 1 million visitors annually for its 21 day festival.
Laboratory Method Of Teaching
The document discusses the benefits of laboratory and inquiry-based teaching methods. It emphasizes that labs allow students to actively engage in science through hands-on activities rather than just listening to lectures. Effective lab instruction follows a learning cycle of engaging students, allowing them to explore concepts and learn skills, explaining questions generated, having students elaborate on their knowledge, and evaluating their understanding. Labs aim to teach observational and problem-solving skills while nurturing a constructive attitude.
Module 3 islamic architecture under imperial rule
The document summarizes Islamic architecture under the Imperial style in India between 1191-1557 AD. It describes key architectural developments and structures during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlak, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Important buildings mentioned include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of Balban and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. The Imperial style saw an evolution from initial unplanned structures to carefully designed mosques, tombs, and minarets that began incorporating Hindu elements.
Mohenjo daro harappa early history
The document discusses the early civilizations of ancient India, including the Indus Civilization from 3300-2400 BCE centered around the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. It then discusses the later Vedic period from 1200-600 BCE, during which the Hindu religion was established through sacred texts known as the Vedas, written in Sanskrit. These texts included hymns, prayers, and discussions around beliefs, gods, sacrifices and the establishment of the caste system in Hindu society.
Buddhist architecture in india
History of architecture, architecture, b. arch, buddhism, buddhism in india.
history of buddhism and related architecture.
Stupas
The document discusses the origins, evolution, and architectural elements of stupas and viharas in ancient India. It provides details on some key early stupas like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and the Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath. It also describes the rock-cut viharas at Ajanta and Ellora that served as monasteries for Buddhist monks, as well as chaitya halls used for worship that were elaborately decorated with sculptures and paintings.
TEMPLE TOWN - Madurai and Omkareswar, India
Madurai is an important city in Tamil Nadu known as the "Athens of the East" and "Temple City". It was originally the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom and has a long history dating back to the 3rd century BC. The city developed around the Meenakshi Temple complex located at its center, following the traditional Indian town planning system of concentric streets leading to the temple. Over time the city boundaries expanded through different periods of rule. The historic core still maintains the traditional street pattern and settlement hierarchy centered around the temple.
INDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
This document discusses Indian temple architecture from ancient times through the Gupta period. It notes that Gupta period temples were derived from earlier rock-cut prototypes, having wider spacing between columns in the middle and features like flat roofs and modest sizes. Key architectural elements of Hindu temples are described like the vimana, mandapa, and shikhara. Sculpture flourished during this time on a massive scale, though structures relied more on piling blocks than technical design. Gopurams, large entrance towers, came to mark the importance of temples within southern Indian cities.
Module 2 indian temple architecture
The document provides an overview of temple architecture in India, focusing on northern, southern, and eastern Indian styles. It describes the key architectural elements and evolution over time, with examples including the Khajuraho group of temples, Lingaraj temple in Bhubaneswar, Jagannath temple in Puri, and the Sun Temple in Konark. The styles are characterized by elements such as shikhara towers, mandapas, and sculptural details that varied regionally under religious and geographic influences.
Plan, section, elevation revised
Lee W. Waldrep gave a presentation on becoming an architect. He discussed that architects must complete education, experience, and licensing to practice independently. Education involves a professional degree from an accredited program. Experience requires an internship with training in various areas like design, construction documents, and management. One must then pass the Architect Registration Exam to obtain licensure. The presentation provided resources for learning about architecture as a career.
Buddhist architectue
The document discusses key features of Buddhist architecture that developed in India. It began with symbolic structures representing Buddha's life, promoted by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Major architectural forms included stupas to house Buddhist relics, pillars (stambhas) bearing inscriptions, and chaityas/viharas that were temples and monastery halls carved into rock. The Great Stupa at Sanchi and reliefs at sites like Amaravati and the caves/temples at Ellora and Elephanta are highlighted as iconic examples that demonstrate the evolution of Buddhist architectural styles and motifs over centuries.
Indus valley civilization
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
Le corbusiers planning concepts
Le Corbusier was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner who helped establish the principles of the modernist movement. He advocated for high-density urban planning with towers set within open green spaces. Some of his influential urban plans included the Ville Contemporaine from 1922, which proposed a concentric city with central skyscrapers surrounded by parks, and Plan Voisin from 1925, which reimagined part of Paris with cruciform towers. Le Corbusier believed high density could reduce travel distances if incorporated with efficient transportation systems and abundant public green spaces.
Elements & Principles of Design
The document defines various artistic elements and concepts used in visual art including:
- Line: Different types of lines including outlines, contours, expressive, sketch, and calligraphic lines. Characteristics of lines like width, length, direction, focus, and feeling.
- Shape: Geometric, organic, positive, negative, static, and dynamic shapes.
- Color: Primary, secondary, tertiary colors. Analogous, complementary, monochromatic, warm, and cool colors.
- Space: Positive and negative space, picture plane, composition, and focal point.
- Perspective: Linear and nonlinear perspective using techniques like size variation, overlapping, and convergence of lines.
- Texture: Real
5 Type Of Architecture Design Process
This very short document does not contain any meaningful information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only lists the author and year, as well as a website with no additional context.
Planning concepts
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.
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Architectural education starting from zero
The document discusses several topics related to architecture in India:
1. Construction is the second largest economic activity in India after agriculture, accounting for 11% of India's GDP.
2. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan proposed doubling investment in construction to around $1 trillion from the previous plan.
3. India has a demographic dividend with a younger population compared to countries like China, which provides potential for economic gains if the youth are properly educated to develop skills.
4. Architectural education in India focuses too much on theory and paper degrees rather than practical learning and hands-on experience.
Sciography of objects (shade & shadow)
A study of shades and shadows cast by simple architectural forms on plain surfaces.
Sciography is a branch of science of the perspective dealing with the projection of shadows, or delineation of an object in
perspective with its gradations of light and shade.
Buddhist architecture
The document discusses Buddhist architecture. It provides an overview of key architectural features associated with Buddhism such as pillars, stupas, and rock-cut caves that were developed during the reign of Emperor Ashoka to spread Buddhism. It then describes the architectural developments during the early Mahayana phase, including masonry stupas, wooden chaitya halls, and rock-cut monasteries. Specific examples of notable Buddhist architectural structures are highlighted such as the Sanchi stupas, Ajanta caves, and Borobudur temple. In conclusion, it notes how Buddhist communities decided to promote their religion through architectural monuments that reflected the preachings of Buddha and spread Buddhism across many countries through a variety of styles
Light and shadow
The document discusses light sources and shadows. It explains that the moon, water, and mirrors are not light sources themselves, but rather reflect light from other sources. It describes how cast shadows are created by opaque objects blocking light and how their shape depends on the object and light source. Specifically, it notes that a sphere casts a round or elliptical shadow depending on the light angle and that lower light sources create longer shadows. The document also provides tips for highlighting and shading drawings, such as using different pencil pressures to create values from light to dark.
Sri Rangam
The Srirangam temple complex in Srirangam, India is the largest functioning Hindu temple in the world, covering over 630,000 square meters. It is bounded by the Kaveri River and its distributary, the Kollidam River. The complex consists of 7 walled sections and 21 towers, including the 236 foot tall Rajagopuram tower that dominates the landscape for miles. The temple contains many structures like the Hall of 1000 Pillars and shrines to various forms of Vishnu. It follows Dravidian architecture and attracts over 1 million visitors annually for its 21 day festival.
Laboratory Method Of Teaching
The document discusses the benefits of laboratory and inquiry-based teaching methods. It emphasizes that labs allow students to actively engage in science through hands-on activities rather than just listening to lectures. Effective lab instruction follows a learning cycle of engaging students, allowing them to explore concepts and learn skills, explaining questions generated, having students elaborate on their knowledge, and evaluating their understanding. Labs aim to teach observational and problem-solving skills while nurturing a constructive attitude.
Module 3 islamic architecture under imperial rule
The document summarizes Islamic architecture under the Imperial style in India between 1191-1557 AD. It describes key architectural developments and structures during the Slave, Khalji, Tughlak, Sayyid, and Lodi dynasties. Important buildings mentioned include the Qutub Minar, Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Tomb of Iltutmish, Alai Darwaza, and tombs of Balban and Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq. The Imperial style saw an evolution from initial unplanned structures to carefully designed mosques, tombs, and minarets that began incorporating Hindu elements.
Mohenjo daro harappa early history
The document discusses the early civilizations of ancient India, including the Indus Civilization from 3300-2400 BCE centered around the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. It then discusses the later Vedic period from 1200-600 BCE, during which the Hindu religion was established through sacred texts known as the Vedas, written in Sanskrit. These texts included hymns, prayers, and discussions around beliefs, gods, sacrifices and the establishment of the caste system in Hindu society.
Buddhist architecture in india
History of architecture, architecture, b. arch, buddhism, buddhism in india.
history of buddhism and related architecture.
Stupas
The document discusses the origins, evolution, and architectural elements of stupas and viharas in ancient India. It provides details on some key early stupas like the Great Stupa at Sanchi and the Dhamekh Stupa at Sarnath. It also describes the rock-cut viharas at Ajanta and Ellora that served as monasteries for Buddhist monks, as well as chaitya halls used for worship that were elaborately decorated with sculptures and paintings.
TEMPLE TOWN - Madurai and Omkareswar, India
Madurai is an important city in Tamil Nadu known as the "Athens of the East" and "Temple City". It was originally the capital of the Pandyan Kingdom and has a long history dating back to the 3rd century BC. The city developed around the Meenakshi Temple complex located at its center, following the traditional Indian town planning system of concentric streets leading to the temple. Over time the city boundaries expanded through different periods of rule. The historic core still maintains the traditional street pattern and settlement hierarchy centered around the temple.
INDIAN TEMPLE ARCHITECTURE
This document discusses Indian temple architecture from ancient times through the Gupta period. It notes that Gupta period temples were derived from earlier rock-cut prototypes, having wider spacing between columns in the middle and features like flat roofs and modest sizes. Key architectural elements of Hindu temples are described like the vimana, mandapa, and shikhara. Sculpture flourished during this time on a massive scale, though structures relied more on piling blocks than technical design. Gopurams, large entrance towers, came to mark the importance of temples within southern Indian cities.
Module 2 indian temple architecture
The document provides an overview of temple architecture in India, focusing on northern, southern, and eastern Indian styles. It describes the key architectural elements and evolution over time, with examples including the Khajuraho group of temples, Lingaraj temple in Bhubaneswar, Jagannath temple in Puri, and the Sun Temple in Konark. The styles are characterized by elements such as shikhara towers, mandapas, and sculptural details that varied regionally under religious and geographic influences.
Plan, section, elevation revised
Lee W. Waldrep gave a presentation on becoming an architect. He discussed that architects must complete education, experience, and licensing to practice independently. Education involves a professional degree from an accredited program. Experience requires an internship with training in various areas like design, construction documents, and management. One must then pass the Architect Registration Exam to obtain licensure. The presentation provided resources for learning about architecture as a career.
Buddhist architectue
The document discusses key features of Buddhist architecture that developed in India. It began with symbolic structures representing Buddha's life, promoted by Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE. Major architectural forms included stupas to house Buddhist relics, pillars (stambhas) bearing inscriptions, and chaityas/viharas that were temples and monastery halls carved into rock. The Great Stupa at Sanchi and reliefs at sites like Amaravati and the caves/temples at Ellora and Elephanta are highlighted as iconic examples that demonstrate the evolution of Buddhist architectural styles and motifs over centuries.
Indus valley civilization
This document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It flourished around 4000-1000 BCE along the Indus River valley. Key traits included the development of large urban settlements like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, advanced sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks connecting it to other regions. The civilization declined around 1900 BCE for currently unknown reasons, but its roots stretch back even earlier and influenced later cultures in the region.
Le corbusiers planning concepts
Le Corbusier was a pioneering modern architect and urban planner who helped establish the principles of the modernist movement. He advocated for high-density urban planning with towers set within open green spaces. Some of his influential urban plans included the Ville Contemporaine from 1922, which proposed a concentric city with central skyscrapers surrounded by parks, and Plan Voisin from 1925, which reimagined part of Paris with cruciform towers. Le Corbusier believed high density could reduce travel distances if incorporated with efficient transportation systems and abundant public green spaces.
Elements & Principles of Design
The document defines various artistic elements and concepts used in visual art including:
- Line: Different types of lines including outlines, contours, expressive, sketch, and calligraphic lines. Characteristics of lines like width, length, direction, focus, and feeling.
- Shape: Geometric, organic, positive, negative, static, and dynamic shapes.
- Color: Primary, secondary, tertiary colors. Analogous, complementary, monochromatic, warm, and cool colors.
- Space: Positive and negative space, picture plane, composition, and focal point.
- Perspective: Linear and nonlinear perspective using techniques like size variation, overlapping, and convergence of lines.
- Texture: Real
5 Type Of Architecture Design Process
This very short document does not contain any meaningful information to summarize in 3 sentences or less. It only lists the author and year, as well as a website with no additional context.
Planning concepts
The document discusses several important planning concepts including:
1) Garden City Concept by Ebenezer Howard which proposed planned, self-contained communities surrounded by greenbelts that combined the benefits of both urban and rural living.
2) Geddesian Triad by Patrick Geddes which emphasized the organic relationship between social, physical, and economic environments in planning.
3) Neighborhood Unit concept by Clarence Perry which proposed planning residential areas with schools, parks, and shops at their core to create self-sufficient neighborhoods.
4) Radburn Concept by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright which pioneered the separation of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in planned communities.