Flock theory
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A theory about what happens when meetings are workingparticularly well. From a module on Workshop Facilitation on MSc Agile Software Development
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More from Isobel Dunbar
Motivation for facilitation
A summary of theories about work motivation as they relate to behaviour in meetings. Part of a module on Workshop Facilitation on MSc Agile Software Projects
Philosophy and history
A brief history of ideas that led to the development of Workshop Facilitation as a recognised skill. Part of MSc Agile Software Projects
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Different people negotiate differently. Part of a module on Workshop Facilitation on MSc Agile Software Projects
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If you are to help other people to be useful in meetings, first you have to be sorted in yourself, Part of a Workshop Facilitation module on MSc Agile Software Development
Lifecycles
Tuckman's model outlines 5 stages of group development: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Forming involves orientation, storming involves conflict as roles and processes are established, norming involves resolution and agreement on processes, performing involves high productivity, and adjourning involves closing the group. Hargrove outlines 5 stages for reaching dialogue - polite discussion, rational debate, chaotic discussion, community dialogue, and generative dialogue. He also outlines 5 stages for collaboration - clarifying purpose, gathering views, building understanding, creating new options, and making commitments.
x
This document discusses theories of motivation and their application to improving motivation in workplace settings. It summarizes several prominent motivation theories, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, equity theory, expectancy theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory. It then describes Hackman and Oldham's job characteristics model and job diagnostic survey, which drew from prior theories and was used to empirically measure motivational factors in jobs. The document advocates using the job diagnostic survey to diagnose motivation issues, implementing changes, and periodically re-measuring to verify improvements and sustain motivation over time.
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Flock theory
- 1. FLOCK THEORY Emergent self-organisation in human interaction
- 2. FLOCK THEORY Flock Theory models the flight of birds. Flock theory has been used to explain cooperative evolution in human interactions.
- 3. JAMMING Eisenberg defines jamming (as used by jazz musicians) as • fluid behavioural coordination • that occurs without detailed knowledge of personality Preconditions: skill, structure, setting, surrender, reward risk, engage respectfully, no dominant leadership, autonomous group ensures influx of novel ideas Outcomes: • balance between autonomy and interdependence • nondisclosive but fulfilling route to community • closeness without self-consciousness
- 4. JAMMIMG VIDEO To see what jamming looks like, watch this video of Voxnorth improvising http://vimeo.com/9347037
- 5. AUTOPOIESIS (Humberto Maturana) Autopoiesis = recursive self-reproduction of system components An autopoietic system (e.g. a biological cell): • is an assembly of organized bounded structures • that uses external flows of resources and by-products • to produce the components which, in turn, – maintain the organized bounded structure – that is the autopoietic structure SO: • resources come and go, • components are created and may die, BUT the structure continues through time
- 6. SIMULATING A FLOCK OF BIRDS A flock exhibits many contrasts: – It is made up of discrete birds, yet overall motion seems fluid – It is simple in concept yet is so visually complex – It seems randomly arrayed, yet is magnificently synchronized. – Most puzzling is the impression of intentional, centralized control (Reynolds 1987)
- 7. FLOCK OF STARLINGS To experience ‘an impression of intentionality’, watch this video of a flock of starlings: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81wFZavdhPU
- 8. AXIOMS and TENETS Axiom 1: Tenet A: (Extreme Cohesion) Distance Separation; close but not too close Optimization Tenet B: (Extreme Dissenters) Cohesion; far but not too far Axiom 2: Tenet A: (Goals) Motion Direction Matching; match direction of group members Replication Tenet B: (Tempo) Velocity Matching; match velocity of group members Axiom 3: Tenet A: (Passing the Gavel) Leadership Group leadership must shift, efficiently & in time maintenance Tenet B: (Purpose) Leaders must guide group towards goal or destination
- 9. AXIOMS Distance Optimisation Motion Replication Leadership Maintenance