2. Fingerprint Biometrics
An extremely useful biometrics technology
since fingerprints have long been recognized
as a primary and accurate identification
method.
3. Benefits of Fingerprint Biometrics
Fingerprints are unique, with no two fingers
having the exact same dermal ridge
characteristics
Easy to use
Cheap
Small size
Low power
Non-intrusive
4. Whorl Right Loop Left Loop Tented Arch Arch
Classification of Fingerprints
•Large volumes of fingerprints are being collected in everyday applications-for e.g.. The FBI database has 70
million of them.
•To reduce the search time and computational complexity classification is necessary.
•This allows matching of fingerprints to only a subset of those in the database.
•An input fingerprint is first matched at a coarse level to one of the pre-specified types and then, at a finer level,
it is compared to the subset of the database containing that type of fingerprints only.
•Numerous algorithms have been developed in this direction.
Fingerprint Classification
5. Types of Prints
FINGERPRINTS HAVE GENERAL RIDGE PATTERNS FOR
CLASSIFICATION:
Divided into three classes:
LOOP
WHORL
ARCH
60-65% OF POPULATION HAS LOOPS
30-35% WHORLS
AND 5% ARCHES.
8. The human fingerprint is comprised of various types of ridge
patterns.
Traditionally classified according to the decades-old Henry system:
left loop, right loop, arch, whorl, and tented arch.
Loops make up nearly 2/3 of all fingerprints, whorls are nearly 1/3,
and perhaps 5-10% are arches.
These classifications are relevant in many large-scale forensic
applications, but are rarely used in biometric authentication.
Feature Extraction
10. Advanced Minutiae Based Algo
Feature Extractor
Most frequently used minutiae in
applications
Points of bifurcation
Ridge endings
11. Advanced Minutiae Based Algo
Feature Extractor
Minutiae Coordinate and Angle are calculated
Core is used as center of reference (0,0)
12. Advanced Minutiae Based Algo
Matcher
Used to match fingerprint
Trade-off between speed and performance
Group minutiae and categorize by type
Large number of certain type can result in faster searches
13. Identification vs. Authentication
Identification – Who are you?
1 : N comparison
Slower
Scan all templates in database
Authentication – Are you John
Smith?
1 : 1 comparison
Faster
Scan one template
14. Security
Several sensors to detect fake fingerprints
Cannot steal from previous user
Latent print residue (will be ignored)
Cannot use cut off finger
Temperature
Pulse
Heartbeat sensors
Blood flow