Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 2 - Ships
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The document summarizes the engagement between the Australian cruiser HMAS Sydney II and the German raider HSK Kormoran off the coast of Western Australia in November 1941. Sydney was en route from Indonesia to Fremantle when it made contact with Kormoran. Kormoran was disguised as an allied merchant ship but heavily armed for close combat, while Sydney was equipped for long range combat. The two ships closed to within a nautical mile before Kormoran opened fire, sinking both vessels in the ensuing battle.
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The Allied invasion of Normandy began on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) when 45,000 Allied troops landed on beaches near Bayeux, France. The invasion was necessary for the Allies to invade mainland Europe after Germany occupied much of Western Europe. Despite heavy casualties especially at Omaha Beach, Allied forces were able to establish a foothold in Normandy through strong leadership and eventually liberated Paris. Over 100,000 men lost their lives in the Battle of Normandy before the Germans were defeated.
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The 177 men of the Kieffer commandos were the only French troops to participate in the D-Day landings. The Third Reich had built extensive fortifications along the Atlantic Wall from Spain to Norway. Allied forces gathered troops, weapons, and ships in England before launching the invasion, which involved paratroopers dropping behind enemy lines and amphibious landings across five beaches in Normandy: Sword, Juno, Gold, Omaha, and Utah. Artificial harbors were constructed at St. Laurent-sur-Mer and Arromanches to supply the invasion forces after they established a foothold in Normandy.
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William the Conqueror invaded England from Normandy in 1066 and defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. The Bayeux Tapestry provides details of the Norman invasion and battle. William established himself as King of England but faced rebellions from Saxons in the north. He built the Tower of London and other castles to demonstrate his power and defend against enemies. Castles had thick walls, moats, and lookouts to protect those inside, who could store food and have access to water if under siege. Norman barons and knights who fought for William were given land and built their own castles with great halls and private family quarters.
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1) Harold Godwinson's army had just defeated another invading force from Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and was exhausted. However, Harold marched his tired army 200 miles south to meet William the Conqueror's Norman invasion force only a week later.
2) On October 14th, 1066 the two armies met at the Battle of Hastings. Harold's Saxon army occupied the top of Senlac Hill and formed a defensive shield wall. William's Normans launched attacks but struggled until launching a false retreat that broke the Saxon formation.
3) With the Saxons scattered, the Normans were able to pick them off. Harold was killed, and without their king the remaining Saxons fled.
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1) On June 6, 1944, the Allied forces launched Operation Overlord and invaded Normandy, France on 5 beaches - Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword - in an attempt to liberate France from German occupation.
2) Over 150,000 Allied troops stormed the beaches and faced intense German resistance from fortified positions like bunkers and machine gun nests. Heavy casualties were incurred on D-Day among both Allied and German forces.
3) The Normandy invasion marked a turning point in World War 2, as it helped lead to the eventual defeat of Germany and liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.
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William the Conqueror's victory over King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 led to significant changes in England. The Normans established themselves as the new ruling class and brought French words into Old English. Many terms relating to war, government, religion and other domains were adopted from French. Over time, French words underwent sound changes as they integrated into English. The Norman Conquest had a lasting impact on English language and society through the introduction of numerous French-derived vocabulary.
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4TN- HIST- D day
Allied forces launched Operation Overlord on June 6, 1944, code named D-Day, invading German-occupied northwestern France across the English Channel. General Dwight Eisenhower commanded the largest seaborne invasion in history with over 5,000 ships and 11,000 aircraft supporting the D-Day landings in Normandy. Although over 4,000 Allied troops were killed or wounded, the invasion was ultimately successful in liberating Western Europe from Nazi control by August 1944.
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The Allied invasion of Normandy, known as Operation Overlord, began on June 6, 1944 (D-Day) with the largest amphibious invasion in history. More than 160,000 troops from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Free France landed along a 50-mile stretch of the Normandy coast of northern France. The invasion was commanded by American General Dwight Eisenhower and British General Bernard Montgomery. It resulted in a resounding Allied victory, securing the beachhead and beginning the liberation of German-occupied northwestern Europe from Nazi control.
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The Normandy landings, also known as D-Day, involved the largest amphibious invasion in history where Allied forces stormed five beaches along the coast of Normandy, France on June 6, 1944 to liberate France from German occupation. Over 150,000 Allied troops were landed by sea and air in a complex operation that involved naval bombardments, airborne assaults, and infantry divisions storming the beaches despite heavy fortifications and casualties on Omaha beach. The landings were a turning point that helped the Allies defeat Germany the following year and end World War 2 in Europe.
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On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the coast of Normandy, France, known as D-Day, launching the largest seaborne invasion in history. The objective was to secure the coastline and mobilize troops to liberate France from German control. Despite heavy casualties especially at Omaha Beach, the Allies were able to establish a foothold in Normandy by day's end. While the cost was high with over 9,000 troops killed or wounded, over 100,000 soldiers began advancing across Europe to defeat Nazi Germany. D-Day marked a major turning point in World War 2 towards Allied victory.
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This comic strip summarizes the events surrounding William the Conqueror's invasion of England in 1066 and his defeat of King Harold. It tells of how William, the Duke of Normandy, claimed the English throne after the death of King Edward the Confessor, despite Harold taking control of the kingdom. William built a large fleet and launched an invasion from Normandy. After defeating the Norwegian King's attack in the north, an exhausted Harold's army was defeated by William at the Battle of Hastings through a strategic ambush using hidden archers in the woods. Harold was killed and William became King of England, thereafter being known as William the Conqueror.
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The document summarizes key details about the Battle of Hastings in 1066. It describes the two types of soldiers in Harold's Saxon army, the Housecarls and Fyrd. It outlines William's Norman army and their tactics. It then provides a play-by-play of the battle, including William's "cunning plan" to feign retreat and draw Saxon soldiers from their shield wall. Ultimately, Harold and his brothers are killed, weakening the wall and allowing the Normans to claim victory.
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The document discusses the Norman invasion of Ireland in the 1170s. The Normans originally came from Normandy in France and had conquered England and Wales. They brought with them chainmail armor, iron helmets painted with their lord's emblems, and cavalry. Before arriving in Ireland, a new French monastic order called the Cistercians had been invited over in 1142 and established the Cistercian Mellifont Abbey.
Normandy Landings (D-Day)
The document summarizes the extensive preparations by the Allied forces for the D-Day landings in Normandy in June 1944. It describes how the Allies chose Normandy as the target location and began training and assembling troops and equipment as early as 1942. Over 7,000 ships were gathered to transport soldiers, weapons, and supplies across the English Channel. Troops underwent special beach landing training, while the Allies worked to conceal the true target location from the Germans. On June 6, 1944, after bombing campaigns softened German defenses, the massive amphibious invasion began across five beaches in Normandy, marking a major turning point in the war.
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The Battle of Hastings took place on October 14, 1066 between King Harold's Saxon army and William the Conqueror's Norman invasion force. William claimed the English throne that had been promised to him, and prepared to invade with Pope Alexander II's blessing. The two armies met at Senlac Hill near Hastings, where the Norman cavalry and infantry defeated the exclusively infantry-based Saxon forces after Harold was fatally wounded by an arrow. William's victory allowed him to subjugate England and claim the English throne.
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The Bayeux Tapestry depicts the events leading up to the Norman conquest of England in 1066, including the claim to the English throne by both Harold Godwinson and William the Duke of Normandy after the death of Edward the Confessor. It shows Harold swearing an oath to support William's claim before battling William's forces at the Battle of Hastings, where William emerged victorious after Harold was killed, becoming William the Conqueror, King of England. The tapestry is over 200 feet long and embroidered with wool thread on linen cloth.
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Three rivals claimed the English throne after the death of King Edward in 1066: Duke William of Normandy, King Harold of England, and King Harald Hardrada of Norway. Hardrada invaded Northern England with Tostig's aid and defeated an English force, but was then killed by Harold's army at Stamford Bridge. Duke William then invaded England and defeated Harold's forces at the Battle of Hastings on October 14th, where Harold was killed. William was subsequently crowned King of England on Christmas Day 1066.
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Operation Overlord was the code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day in June 1944. Over 156,000 troops crossed the English Channel in the largest seaborne invasion in history. Through massive air attacks, naval bombardments, and amphibious landings along the Normandy coast, the Allies were able to establish a foothold in France and begin defeating German forces, marking a turning point in World War 2. The invasion involved troops and equipment from the United States, United Kingdom, Canada and other Allied nations crossing the channel and storming the beaches with weapons such as the M1 Grand rifle and Thompson submachine gun.
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1) Harold Godwinson's army had just defeated another invading force from Norway at the Battle of Stamford Bridge and was exhausted. However, Harold marched his tired army 200 miles south to meet William the Conqueror's Norman invasion force only a week later.
2) On October 14th, 1066 the two armies met at the Battle of Hastings. Harold's Saxon army occupied the top of Senlac Hill and formed a defensive shield wall. William's Normans launched attacks but struggled until launching a false retreat that broke the Saxon formation.
3) With the Saxons scattered, the Normans were able to pick them off. Harold was killed, and without their king the remaining Saxons fled.
Battle of Normandy WWII
The document summarizes the Allied invasion of Normandy (Operation Overlord) on June 6, 1944, known as D-Day. It describes the extensive planning for the invasion, including deception operations. It then details the various beaches where Allied troops landed and the objectives and difficulties faced at each beach, such as heavy casualties at Omaha Beach due to fortified German defenses. It concludes that the invasion was a decisive victory that turned the tide of World War 2 in the Allies' favor.
operation overlord
Operation Overlord was the code name for the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944 during World War II. It involved over 150,000 Allied troops storming the beaches of Normandy that were held by German forces. The operation was planned by American General Dwight Eisenhower and involved troops from the United States, Britain, Canada, and Free French forces. It resulted in tens of thousands of casualties but succeeded in gaining a foothold for the Allies in German-occupied France and helped lead to the eventual defeat of Nazi Germany.
D Day Invasion
1) On June 6, 1944, the Allied forces launched Operation Overlord and invaded Normandy, France on 5 beaches - Utah, Omaha, Gold, Juno and Sword - in an attempt to liberate France from German occupation.
2) Over 150,000 Allied troops stormed the beaches and faced intense German resistance from fortified positions like bunkers and machine gun nests. Heavy casualties were incurred on D-Day among both Allied and German forces.
3) The Normandy invasion marked a turning point in World War 2, as it helped lead to the eventual defeat of Germany and liberation of Western Europe from Nazi control.
The Norman Conquest 1066
William the Conqueror's victory over King Harold at the Battle of Hastings in 1066 led to significant changes in England. The Normans established themselves as the new ruling class and brought French words into Old English. Many terms relating to war, government, religion and other domains were adopted from French. Over time, French words underwent sound changes as they integrated into English. The Norman Conquest had a lasting impact on English language and society through the introduction of numerous French-derived vocabulary.
William the conqueror
William the Conqueror (1027-1087) was the first Norman King of England. After Edward the Confessor's death, William claimed the English throne for himself and defeated King Harold Godwinson at the Battle of Hastings in 1066, beginning the Norman conquest of England. William organized his new English kingdom according to the feudal system, granting lands to Norman nobles in exchange for their loyalty and military service. He commissioned the Domesday Book in 1086 to survey his kingdom's land and resources.
D Day
The document summarizes D-Day and the Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944. It provides background on the US entry into World War 2 and the need to open a second front in Europe to take pressure off the Eastern Front. General Eisenhower took control of the Allied forces with a plan to invade Normandy and establish a beachhead. Despite German fortifications along the Atlantic Wall under Rommel, over 150,000 Allied troops stormed the beaches supported by air and naval forces. The invasion resulted in over 10,000 Allied casualties on D-Day, and the Battle of Normandy overall cost hundreds of thousands of lives on both sides before the Allies broke through and advanced on Germany.
D Day Invasion
On June 6, 1944, over 160,000 Allied troops stormed five beaches along the Normandy coastline in Nazi-occupied northern France, marking the largest seaborne invasion in history. Codenamed Operation Overlord, the D-Day invasion involved airborne drops and naval bombardments to support the infantry soldiers landing on the heavily fortified beaches, where over 9,000 Allied troops were killed or wounded that day. However, the invasion succeeded in gaining a foothold for the Allies in continental Europe and helped turn the tide of World War II against Nazi Germany.
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The document provides a summary of the Royal Australian Navy's activities over 5 years of fighting in World War 2 on every ocean. It details how the RAN fleet was mobilized after war was declared and began operations including hunting German raiders in the Indian Ocean and Mediterranean. As the war progressed, RAN ships saw extensive action in the Mediterranean, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, and against Italy. After Japan entered the war, RAN ships fought in battles off Singapore, the Java Sea, and in defending Australia from Japanese attack. Throughout the war, RAN ships and sailors displayed great bravery and played a vital role in Allied operations across multiple theaters of war.
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The document discusses naval warfare during World War 1, which took place globally in every ocean. It describes early German raider successes like the SMS Emden in the Indian Ocean. It also discusses major battles like Germany's defeat of British cruisers off Chile and Britain's subsequent victory over Germany at the Falkland Islands. The blockade strategies of both sides are outlined, as well as the large naval encounter at the Battle of Jutland. Germany turned to submarine warfare with U-boats, launching an unrestricted campaign in 1917 against merchant ships from any nation. New convoy tactics and technology like depth charges helped turn the tide for the Allies. Naval losses were enormous, with over 57,000 British and Commonwealth casualties
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Melbourne
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This is power point presentation that anyone can need to know about. I didn't find on net when i needed.
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The USS Corry was a destroyer commissioned in 1940 that played a key role in the D-Day invasion of Normandy in June 1944. It was the lead destroyer providing support to troops landing on Utah Beach and was the only US destroyer sunk on D-Day. While it was reported that the Corry hit a mine, some believe it was hit by enemy fire below the waterline. The sinking resulted in 24 crew deaths and 60 serious injuries, with some of the survivors succumbing to hypothermia after enduring freezing waters and enemy shelling for hours before being rescued. As it sank, one crewmember saved the American flag and raised it above the sinking ship, a heroic act that was later commemorated by
Battle Of The Canal Du Nord.Pptx
The Battle of Canal du Nord was a World War I battle between British and Canadian forces against German troops along the Western Front in France from September 27th to October 1st, 1918. The Canadian Corps, led by Lieutenant-General Sir Arthur Currie, launched a surprise attack under darkness in the early morning of September 27th. By mid-morning, all German defenders had retreated or been captured as the Canadians took their objectives along the Canal du Nord. This opening of the canal allowed the Allies to advance further towards Cambrai in their final push towards victory before the war's end. The Canadian role in this battle is commemorated at the Canadian Bourlon Wood Memorial.
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Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 10 - Conclusions & Review of German Sources
The document discusses search efforts to locate the wrecks of HMAS Sydney and German naval vessel Kormoran after they sank following an engagement in 1941 off the coast of Australia. It details how the Finding Sydney Foundation systematically refined their search methodology between 1991 and 2004, reducing the error in locating Kormoran from 20 nautical miles to less than 3 nautical miles. It also analyzes reports from the captain and navigator of Kormoran which initially placed the location inaccurately but together pointed to the precise location of the wreck.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 9 - Search for Sydney
This document discusses the search for the wreck of HMAS Sydney, which was sunk in a battle with the German raider Kormoran off the coast of Western Australia in 1941. It outlines how analysis of survivor reports from Kormoran regarding the location and movement of Sydney after the battle led to predictions of where the wrecks may be found. The analysis indicated that Sydney likely sank within 200 nautical miles of the site of the battle, making a journey to the Abrolhos Islands extremely unlikely.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 8 - Performance Review
The document discusses the search efforts to locate the wreck of the HMAS Sydney II and compares the approaches taken by different individuals over time. It provides details on the search methods used by Kirsner and his colleagues from 1991 to 2004, which initially followed search and rescue models but later incorporated additional survivor reports and mathematical modeling. It also examines the search approaches used by David Mearns from 2004 to 2008 and notes that early oceanographic studies incorporated variability in ocean currents, whereas Mearns' initial understanding was that currents flowed uniformly north. Finally, it compares the size of search areas recommended by different experts to the precision achieved by underwater archaeologist Bob Ballard in other famous wreck discoveries.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 7 - Search Debate 2004 2008
This document discusses the debate around locating the wrecks of HMAS Sydney II and the German raider HSK Kormoran. It outlines different search positions and boxes that were recommended over time by various parties involved in the search, including David Mearns and the Finding Sydney Foundation. It also references presentations made to organizations about the search efforts and funding of approximately $15 million that was spent trying to locate the wrecks.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 6 - Selection and Integration of Constraints
The document describes two methods used to locate the wreck of the German ship Kormoran, which sank the Australian ship HMAS Sydney in 1941. The first method in 1998 used triangulation of eyewitness reports to predict the wreck was a few miles north of 26° 15' S 111° E, with an error of 7-10 nm. The second method in 2004 used mathematical integration of nine constraints from sources to define confidence contours, predicting 26° 04' S 111° 02' E, just 2.7 nm from where Kormoran was actually found. Both methods accurately located the wreck, with the second being more precise.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 5 - Kormoran Database & the Mathematics of Reliab...
The document discusses a database containing reports from interrogations of survivors from the German heavy cruiser Kormoran after it sank the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney II in 1941. The database included 62 reports, with around 48 from people in a position to know details. Around 30 reports referred to a location of 26 degrees south and 111 degrees east, showing concentration of reports around that area. The document examines whether the reports reflect a carefully rehearsed story, ignorance, or expert knowledge with random errors, and uses Zipf's law to analyze the frequency distribution of location reports as being consistent with reliability.
Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 4 - Cognitive Science and Domain Expertise
The document discusses different sources of information and types of expertise relevant to wreck-hunting investigations. It notes that first-hand crew accounts provided critical information about the Kormoran sinking due to being elicited shortly after the event from domain experts familiar with navigation. Navigation records and expertise in that domain have also proven useful for other wreck investigations led by experts like Ballard and Mearns. Bringing together different types of relevant expertise, like cognitive science, history, oceanography and forensics, provides the most comprehensive approach.
Finding HMAS Sydney Cover
The document discusses the role of science in the search for the wrecks of HMAS Sydney and Kormoran. It describes how oceanography helped determine the general location of the wrecks, and how cognitive science and domain expertise from a team of scientists helped identify the position of Kormoran to within 3 nautical miles based on analyzing reports from survivors. It provides a review of how accurate the recommended search positions and boxes were that resulted from this scientific analysis compared to other recommendations.
Finding HMAS Sydney
This document summarizes the contributions of two Australian scientists, Kim Kirsner and John Dunn, to the search for the wrecks of the German raider HSK Kormoran and the Australian light cruiser HMAS Sydney II, which sank each other in a battle off the coast of Western Australia in 1941. Using reports from Kormoran survivors and other historical sources, Kirsner and Dunn were able to identify the position of the Kormoran wreck to within 2.7 nautical miles in 2001. They defined appropriate search areas for both wrecks in 2005 based on a quantitative analysis of the available evidence.
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Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 10 - Conclusions & Review of German Sources
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Finding HMAS Sydney Chapter 2 - Ships
- 1. The Ships HMAS Sydney II: Crows nest on foremast. Copyright: Australian War Memorial 2
- 2. Sydney was armed and equipped for long range combat but with little or no advantage over Kormoran at the range at which the battle unfolded. Sydney was en route from Sunda Strait to Fremantle when contact was made with Kormoran . Sydney followed and gradually closed in on Kormoran until, at a range of less than one nautical mile, Kormoran opened fire and both vessels were destroyed. HMAS Sydney II www.maritimequest.com/.../hmas_sydney.htm
- 3. HSK Kormoran HSK Kormoran: Anchor.. Copyright: Australian War Memorial
- 4. Kormoran was a German raider, heavily armed for close range combat with lightly armed merchant vessels but disguised as an allied merchant ship. Kormoran left Germany on December 23rd 1940, and sank eleven merchant ships prior to her engagement with Sydney . Kormoran was steaming north along the coast of Western Australia when she sighted Sydney , and turned west toward the open ocean to avoid combat. HSK Kormoran www.ozebook.com/ww2/documents/25.html