The document discusses naval aspects of World War II, focusing on key battles such as the Battle of Gdańsk Bay, the Battle of the Atlantic, the Battle of the River Plate, and the attack on Pearl Harbor. It details specific operations and strategic importance of naval warfare, underscoring the impact on supply lines and military outcomes. The battles highlighted mark significant moments in naval history during the war, reflecting both military tactics and geopolitical strategies.

2. 15th JOSDC – SSCWORLD WAR II- Naval aspects(From Breakout to 1941) By: Surg Lt KhalidSurg Lt Mujeeb-ur-RahmanS/Lt Mubbashir HassanS/Lt Abdul Wahid

3. Scheme of PresentationThe Naval warfare of the World War II consists of the following battles: 1. Battle of GdańskBay Surg Lt Khalid2. Battle of Atlantic3. Battle of the River Plate S/Lt A. Wahid4. Battle of Taranto 5. Battle of Calabria S/Lt Mubashir6. Battle of Denmark Strait Surg Lt Mujeeb7. Attack on Pearl Harbor

4. Battle of Gdańsk Bay Battle of AtlanticBy:Surg Lt Khalid

5. Events of the World War II starting on 1 September 1939 :Defense of the Polish Post Office in DanzigBattle of Westerplatte - German battleship vs. the Polish fortified ammunition depotBattle of the Gdańsk (Danzig) Bay – German aircraft against Polish vessels

6. Battle of Gdańsk Bay

7. Gdańsk BayAlso called Bay of Gdańsk OR Danzig BayLocated at south east of Baltic Sea, and north

10. Sieges of Danzig (Gdańsk) took place several times in the history of Danzig. The most notable are:Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk) in 1308Siege of Danzig (1577) by king Stefan BatorySiege of Danzig (1626-1629)Battle of Oliva 1627Siege of Danzig (1655–1660)Siege of Danzig (1734)Siege of Danzig (1807)Siege of Danzig (1812)

13. THE BATTLE

14. Polish navy was already prepared as there was threat from Soviet UnionBut, as Germany apparently became more aggressive then polish navy moved most of their vessels and submarines to execute certain operations, aimed at disrupting the German Naval movement in the area of Gdnask Bay

15. Operation PekingOperation WorekOperation Rurka

16. Operation PekingThe Operation Peking was an operation in which three destroyers of the Polish Navy were evacuated to the United Kingdom to assist the British Royal Navy in the event of a war with Nazi Germany. The plan was successful and allowed the ships to avoid certain destruction in the German invasion.

17. Polish destroyers during Peking Plan

18. Operation WorekAn operation of the Polish Navy in the first days of World War II.Five Polish submarines formed a screen in order to prevent German naval forces from carrying out landings on the Polish coast.

19. ORP_Orzel, one of the submarine of Operation worek

20. Operation RurkaAll the remaining surface vessels were to be dispatched from the naval base to lay a naval mine barrier to prevent any enemy ship from entering the area.The German attack on flotilla of these vessels marked the start of the battle of Gdask

21. The attack was carried out by a group of 33 German warplanes, mostly Junkers Ju 87B Stuka dive bombers.The air raid was mostly unsuccessful initially but it became successful on 2nd consecutive attack.

22. GERMAN ‘JUNKERS JU 87’ (DIVE BOMBERS)

23. POLISH NAVAL CONTACT MINE

25. Battle of the Atlantic (1939–1945)

26. The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943

27. Why did the Germany planned to start the Atlantic War?

28. As an island nation, the United Kingdom was highly dependent on imported goods. Britain required more than a million tons of imported material per week in order to be able to survive and fight.Such an enormous amount of material was transferred to Britain by merchant ships, from America and some other countries.These merchant ships were proceeding in convoys to resist any atack by German Uboats.

29. The convoys of merchant ships, coming mainly from North America and the SouthAtlantic and going to the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, were protected for the most part by the British and Canadian navies and air forces

30. A convoy of Allied Forces

31. The Germans realised this: ‘Britain’s ability to maintain her supply lines is the decisive factor for the outcome of the war’Admiral Raeder, Chief of German Naval StaffHence Germany decided to attack convoys.

32. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the German Navy against Allied convoysEconomic warfare OR Tonnage War

33. Uboat

34. Allied tanker torpedoed in Atlantic Ocean by German submarine.

35. A torpoedohitted merchant ship

36. The attacks on convoys was devastating and continued successfully till 1943The worst period was from the beginning of 1942 to March 1943 when 7 million tons of merchant shipping was sunk.

37. "The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really frightened me" - Winston Churchill (PM of Britain).

38. 'The Happy Time' (June 1940 – February 1941)This was very successful time for Germany as : They occupied Norway in April 1940, They conquered France in June Italy entered into the war as a strong ally of Germany

39. The acquisition of France was very beneficial for Germany in their Atlantic war as they could use easily approachable French dockyards.This also enabled them to easily extend operations to central and western Atlantic

40. From August 1940, a flotilla of 27 Italian submarines started operation to attack Allied shipping in the AtlanticThese Italian submarines that operated in the Atlantic sank 109 ships of 593,864 tons

41. Field of battle widens (June 1941 – December 1941)Canada and USA grew their activity in Atlantic oceanThe Canadian Royal Navy took the responsibility of the safe passage of convoys on western part of Atlantic

42. By 1941 the United States was taking an increasing part in the war, despite its nominal neutralityIn April US extended the Pan-American Security Zone east almost as far as IcelandWith the support of Canadian and US navy, Britain became successful to built a stronger escort for the convoys

44. Battle of the River Plate

45. December 1939, HMS Achilles as seen from HMS Ajax during the Battle of the River Plate

46. Date : 13 December 1939Location : Off the River Plate estuary, South AtlanticResult : Allied victory

47. Belligerents United Kingdom New Zealand Germany Commanders and leadersStrength 1 heavy cruiser 2 light cruisers 1 pocket battleship

48. Casualties and losses1 pocket battleship scuttled36 dead60 wounded 1 heavy cruiser heavily damaged

49. 2 light cruisers damaged

50. 72 dead (Achilles 4, Ajax 7, Exeter 61)

51. 28 wounded Admiral Graf Spee in flames after being scuttled in the River Plate Estuary off Montevideo, Uruguay.

52. The Battle of the River Plate was the first naval battle in the Second World War . The German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee had been commerce raiding since the start of the war in September 1939. hunting groups sent by the British Admiralty comprising three Royal Navy (RN) cruisers, HMS Exeter, Ajax and Achilles

53. Battle of Taranto

54. Taranto naval base in the 1930s

55. Date : 12 November 1940Location : Taranto, ItalyResult : Decisive British Victory

56. Belligerents United Kingdom ItalyCommanders and leaders

58. The naval Battle of Taranto took place on the night of 11–12 November 1940 during the Second World War.

59. The Royal Navy launched the first all-aircraft ship-to-ship naval attack in history,

60. The attack struck the battle fleet of the Regia Marina at anchor in the harbor of Taranto utilizing aerial torpedoes.

61. . The devastation wreaked by the British carrier-launched aircraft on the large Italian warships was the beginning of the rise of the power of naval aviation, over the big guns of battleships.

62. Battle of Calabria

63. Italian battleship Giulio Cesare firing during the battle

64. Date : 9 July 1940Location : Near Calabria, ItalyResult : Indecisive

65. Belligerents United Kingdom Italy Australia Strength

66. Casualties and losses

67. The Battle of Calabria, known to the Italian Navy as the Battle of Punta Stilowas a naval battle during the Battle of the Mediterranean in World War II. It was fought between the Italian Royal Navy (Regia Marina) and the British Royal Navy and the Royal Australian Navy.

68. Battle of Denmark StraitAttack on Pearl HarborbySurg Lt Mujeeb-ur-Rahman

69. Date 24 May 1941Location Denmark StraitResult German victory

70. The Battle of the Denmark Strait was a Second World War naval battle between ships of the Royal Navy and the German Kriegsmarine, fought on 24 May 1941.The British battleship HMS Prince of Wales and the battle cruiser HMS Hood fought the German battleship Bismarck and the heavy cruiser Prinz Eugen, both of which were attempting to break out into the North Atlantic to destroy Allied merchant shipping.

71. On 18 May 1941, the battleship Bismarck was ready, for her first voyage against enemy shipping, "Operation Rheinübung".She was accompanied by Prinz Eugen, a new heavy cruiser also on her maiden mission.Großadmiral Günther Lütjens, the German fleet commander, intended to break out into the Atlantic through the Denmark Strait between Greenland and Iceland and attack Allied convoy traffic in the North Atlantic.

72. Denmark Strait

73. Earlier raids by German capital ships such as the battleships Scharnhorst and Gneisenau had done enough damage to cause the British to use some of their older battleships such as the Revenge class as convoy escorts.Although old and slow, these ships were well armed with 15 in (380 mm) guns, more powerful than the guns of the German heavy cruisers and pocket battleships.Bismarck and Prinz Eugen, though, could risk attacking a convoy escorted by one of these battleships.

74. Bismarck could engage and attempt to destroy the escorting battleship, leaving the lighter Prinz Eugen to chase down and sink the fleeing merchant ships.The next morning the German ships were intercepted in the Strait between Iceland and Greenland by a force of British ships. These were the battleship Prince of Wales, the battlecruiser HMS Hood and a screen of six destroyers, under the command of Vice-Admiral Lancelot Holland on Hood.

75. Casualties and losses1 battleship damaged1 battle cruiser sunk1 battleship damaged1,428 dead9 wounded

81. Attack on Pearl Harbour

82. Date December 7, 1941Location Primarily Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory, United StatesResult Japanese major tactical victory United States declares war on the Empire of Japan Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy declare war on the United States.

83. BACKGROUNDUS Sanctions on petroleum products such as palm oil as well as steel, rubber, copper & scrap metal

84. The western powers froze its financial assets in America

85. Japanese realized Surprise attack at pearl harbour would be useful79

86. GREAT EAST ASIA CO-PROSPERITY SPHEREBRITAIN, FRANCE & NETHERLANDS must be forced out from far east

87. Asia is the territory of asiatic80

88. Borneosumatra81

89. GEOGRAPHY OF BATTLEHawaiian Chain lies 3300 miles South East of Japan and 2200 miles South West of America.

90. Pearl Harbour is an inlet to OAHU, Hawaii, 10 km west of Honolulu

91. Very difficult to attack pearl Harbour without being detected by US or merchant ships. 82

92. 3300 MILES2200 MILES83

93. Japanese Attack Force06 Aircraft Carriers Carrying 355 Aircrafts

94. 02 Battleships and 02 Heavy Cruisers

95. 01 Light Cruiser and 11 Destroyers

96. 08 Oil Tankers for Refueling of Ships