Final-How Some INIRPRC’s Studies Can Re-Route the Direction of Global Science (2).pdf

How Some INIRPRC’s Studies Can
Re-Route the Direction of Global Science?
SMJ Mortazavi , Ph.D
Professor of Medical Physics
Email: mortazavismj@gmail.com
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
7/8/2022 1

7/8/2022 Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 2
Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation
Protection ResearchCenter
(INIRPRC)

WHAT ARE EXAMPLES OF GAME
CHANGERS?
 A new factor that changes the variables in an
environment or activity. In other words, it is a new
element that alters the existing situation or activity
considerably.
 The invention of the steam engine was a game changer
in transportation, mining, agriculture, and
manufacturing.
 Cyclosporine has revolutionized transplant medicine
since its first clinical use in the late 1970s, improving rates
of acute rejection.
 Source: https://marketbusinessnews.com/financial-glossary/game-changer/
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 3
7/8/2022

INIRPRC’S GAME CHANGING
STUDIES
&
Dr. Najmeh Jooyan
Ms. Samaneh Jarideh
Other Colleagues
7/8/2022

POWERING OUR NEEDS INTHE
FUTURE
❑ Will our needs in
the future be the
same as today?
❑ What can we do
to fulfil our needs
in the future?
7/8/2022

1. ASTROBIOLOGY STUDIES
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
7
❑ Radiation risk from high level
cosmic rays exposure and
microgravity are two important
concerns that need to be addressed
prior to a long-term space
mission.
❑ It has been reported that
microgravity increases the
radiation susceptibility of living
organisms by a synergistic effect.
Mortazavi et al. 2003
Radiation and Microgravity as
Two Main Barriers
7/8/2022

TERRAFORMINGTHE MARS
7/8/2022

RAMSAR,AS A NATURAL
RADIOBIOLOGICAL SURROGATE FOR
MARS
7/8/2022

MICROGRAVITY
7/8/2022

MICROGRAVITY (RPM)
CommerciallyAvailable Systems
Our Modifications
7/8/2022
Removing the limitations
of the ground-based
simulations of
microgravity

Methodological limitations of the ground-
based simulations of microgravity

Methodological limitations of the ground-
based simulations of microgravity
While operational constraints in real microgravity flight samples
do not allow comparability at the level of maximum
standardization, significant methodological limitations exist for
ground-based simulations, too (Bevelacqua et al., 2020).

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
14
Radiation Protection
Challenges in Space
Three General Guidelines:
• Time (Not Applicable in Space)
• Distance (Not Applicable in
Space)
• Shield (Not Easy in Space due to
Weight Limitations)
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
15
Our Integrative Radiation
Protection Plan Includes:
Physical Shielding
Adaptive response
(Biological Protection)
Other Biological
Protection
Methods
7/8/2022

PHYSICAL SHIELDING
7/8/2022

PHYSICAL SHIELDING
 This study explored the attenuation parameters of
cadmium as a popular filler for the shielding of
thermal neutrons in the unsaturated polyester (UPS)
polymer matrix.The polyester matrix was used for the
first time.
 Thus, the results indicated the production of a strong
composite capable of attenuating neutron and
gamma radiation.
 Accordingly, this composite could be considered a
reliable option for use as a shield in space missions.
7/8/2022

PHYSICAL SHIELDING
7/8/2022

In this study carbon nanotubes and either nano-sized or
micro-sized boron carbide (B4C) fillers were incorporated
into the continuous phase of low density polyethylene
(LDPE). In the next phase, the mechanical characteristics
of the composites as well as their neutron attenuation
properties were studied.
Findings of this study indicated enhanced mechanical
properties accompanied by an enhanced shielding
efficiency for neutrons at some specific weight fraction of
the fillers.
7/8/2022

BIOLOGICAL PROTECTION
[Amifostine, WR-2721]
It was probably the compound
carried by US astronauts on their
trips to the moon, to be used if a
solar event occurred.
July 16, 1969
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

“The role of vitamin C in deep space
missions is more important than reported
by Crucian et al. Some evidence show that
administration of vitamin C can be
effective even after exposure to sparsely
ionizing radiation (6, 7).
Vitamin C can be introduced as a
promising non-toxic, cost-effective, easily
available radiation mitigator which can be
used hours after a significant irradiation
event (e.g., a large SPE) (6)”.
7/8/2022

S.M.J. MORTAZAVI, S. SHARIF-ZADEH, H.
MOZDARANI, M. FOADI, M. HAGHANI, E. SABET.
FUTURE ROLE OF VITAMIN C IN RADIATION
MITIGATION AND ITS POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS IN
MANNED DEEP SPACE MISSIONS: SURVIVAL STUDY
AND THE MEASUREMENT OF CELL VIABILITY
PHYSICA MEDICA, VOLUME 30, SUPPLEMENT 1,
2014, PAGE E97 Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
26
▪ Survival Rate in Control group
100%
▪ Animals received only LD50/30,
50%
▪ Received vitamin C (+radiation):
• 1h, before radiation, 80%
• 1h, after radiation, 55%
Vit C (400 mg/kg) +
Gamma (LD50/30)
24 h after exposure
Only Gamma
(LD50/30)
30% Increase
7/8/2022

ADAPTIVE RESPONSE
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
28
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE IN NASA REPORT
7/8/2022

 “There have been several studies
performed that indicate an adaptive
response to low-dose ionizing radiation
can provide a level of protection against
future exposures (Bhattacharjee and Ito
2001; Mortazavi et al. 2003; Elmore et al.
2008; Rithidech et al. 2012).This may be
particularly important for understanding
risks in the space environment because the
GCR environment is comprised
predominantly of protons, and it is realistic
to expect that cells will be exposed to
multiple hits of protons prior to being
traversed by an HZE particle”.
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
29
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE IN NASA REPORT
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
30
Advances in Space
Research
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
31
pp. 4299–4302 c 2003 by Universal Academy
Press, Inc.
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE IN SPACE
7/8/2022

THREE DIFFERENT MODELS OF AR
IN SPACE
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

Environment of
space radiation with
galactic cosmic
rays, solar energetic
particles, and
trapped particles.
Abbreviations: e,
electron; p, proton; He, helium
ion; HZE, high-charge and high-
energy particle; n, neutron.
Takahashi et al., Role of High-
Linear EnergyTransfer
Radiobiology in Space Radiation
Exposure Risks. (2018), Int J
ParticleTher
Takahashi et al., 2018

Possibility of adaptation to sudden high doses of radiation due to solar
energetic particles after exposure to chronic galactic cosmic rays (based on
[50]).Takahashi et al., Role of High-Linear EnergyTransfer Radiobiology in Space Radiation Exposure Risks
(2018), Int J ParticleTher
Takahashi et al., 2018

RADIOADAPTATION IN SPACE
7/8/2022

“This last case strictly connects radiosensitivity and adaptive
response, so it is of crucial importance here.The idea of that
method is precisely described by prof. J. Mortazavi and
Collaborators who ”have proposed that before any long-term space
mission, the adaptive response of all potential crew members
should be measured by routine cytogenetic tests and after in vitro
exposure of blood lymphocytes to an adapting low dose and later
to a challenging high dose and evaluation of the magnitude of the
observed adaptive response, only those with high adaptive
response should be chosen.Then, during the mission, chronic
exposure to elevated levels of space radiation can considerably
decrease radiation susceptibility and better protect astronauts
against the unpredictable exposure to sudden and dramatic
increase in flux due to solar particle events” [48,49]”.
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

“A manned mission to Mars takes an average of 2.5 to 3 years that
leads to the complete state of isolation/confinement of astronauts
eventually affecting the behavioural and psychological patterns.
Astronauts may encounter mood and cognition issue, the risk of
anxiety, depression, digestive problems, loneliness, hypo or
hypertension [68] as part of behavioural changes”.
MANNED MISSIONTO MARS
7/8/2022

SPACE EXPLORATION
7/8/2022

RAMSAR,AS A NATURAL
RADIOBIOLOGICAL SURROGATE FOR
MARS
7/8/2022

Human Pathophysiological Adaptations
to the Space Environment

RAMSAR, IRAN, AS A NATURAL
RADIOBIOLOGICAL
SURROGATE FOR MARS
7/8/2022

2. COVID-19 STUDIES
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

21 Feb,
2020
Mortazavi’s E-
Mail to SARI
about the
potential use of
LDRT for
COVID-19
Paper by Ghadimi-Moghadam et al.
received and accepted for publication
Letter by Kirkby and MacKinzie
received and accepted
Cosset et al.
Rodel et al.
Dhawal et al.
Kefayat & Ghahremani.
Salomaa et al.
Schaue & McBride.
Montero et al.
Venkat
raman
et al.
Meziani et al.
Chakrabarti et al.
Wilsono et
al.
Boon et al.
Algara et al.
Trott et al.
Salomaa et al.
Tharmalingam et al.
Høilund-Carlsen et al.
Mortazavi et al. et al.
Shiri et al. et al.
Del Castillo et
al.
Metcalfe et al.
Sep 15
2020
Hertzog
& Bicheru
Hanekamp et al.
Hadjiyiannakis et
al.
Mohindra et al
7/8/2022

Source: COVID-19Tragic Pandemic: Concerns over Unintentional “DirectedAccelerated Evolution” of Novel
Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) and Introducing a ModifiedTreatment Method for ARDS, Journal of Biomedical
Physics and Engineering http://jbpe.sums.ac.ir/article_46441.html
DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2003-1085
Our
1
st
report
on
LDRT
for
COVID-
19
that
received
global
attention
7/8/2022

Why it was a game changer?
Introducing a new treatment method or
warning the public about the evolution of
SARS-CoV-2?
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

DIRECTED EVOLUTION OF
MICROORGANISMS
 “Using a Co-60 source, Harris
et al. (1) repeatedly exposed
Escherichia coli bacteria to a
dose needed for 1% survival
after 1 day.They had to
increase the dose each time,
as radioresistance increased”.
 Does it make Escherichia coli
bacteria resistant to all
physical and chemical agents
and generate life threatening
weapons?
7/8/2022

CONCERNS OVER SELECTIVE
PRESSURE
 Any attempt to inactivate the
virus exerts a strong selective
pressure on the virus.
 Given this consideration, antiviral
drugs can exert a strong selective
pressure on SARS-COV-2.
7/8/2022
only very high doses

Some organisms respond to stress by driving up their mutation rate.
Bacteria, yeast and other organisms that are under stress undergo more
frequent mutations, which might be an evolutionary mechanism to help
them cope with changing environments.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/under-pressure-does-evolution-evolve-20140115/
Mutations:Turn on to Speed Up Evolution!
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

 Dr. Mohan Doss, a Medical Physicist from Philadelphia, and Dr.
Javad Mortazavi of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, also
looked at historic studies of low doses of radiation in the hopes of
improving the immune response and reduce inflammation in
COVID-19 patients (see Doss 2020 and Ghadimi-Moghadam et al.,
2020).
 Separately, Mortazavi focused on low-level radiation treatments
as a way to not mutate the virus into more drug-resistant forms.
This may strike you as counter-intuitive but, contrary to popular
opinion and old wives’ tales, radiation is one of the weakest
mutagens, and carcinogens, there is.
 Low-dose radiation does not directly target the microbe, it targets
the host's immune reaction. Not so for biochemicals such as
antivirals and antibiotics.. Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 58
7/8/2022

LDRT For COVID-19
7/8/2022

“It is somehow apparent
that using antiviral drugs
and vaccines for COVID-19
treatment would be more
acceptable for patients in
comparison with ionizing
radiations even in low-dose
form.Therefore, further
achievements in these fields
like approving Remdesivir
for COVID-19 treatment25
may bury the subject of
employing LDRT for COVID-
19 treatment “.
Rebuttal:
Amirhosein Kefayat, M.D
Point/Counterpoint
Low-dose radiation as a treatment for
COVID-19 pneumonia: A threat or real
opportunity?
Seyed Mohammad Javad Mortazavi
Ph.D.,Amirhosein Kefayat M.D.,Jing Cai
Ph.D.
First published: 03 July 2020
https://doi.org/10.1002/mp.14367Citations: 7
2 years ago:
7/8/2022

WHO Guideline
Development
Group advises
against use of
remdesivir for
covid-19.
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
61
Time reveals the truth!
Now, after 2 years, we know that:
 Several groups, including our own,
have shown that whole-lung
radiation at doses of 0.5–1.5 Gy
can accelerate the recovery in
clinical and radiographic status
without acute toxicity
[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21].".
LDRT for COVID-19
June 2022
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
64
June
2022
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
65
June
2022
7/8/2022
Conclusion
LDRT was feasible, safe and
shows promise in the
management of severe
COVID-19 pneumonia
including in patients
progressing on conventional
systemic treatment.

3. RAMSAR STUDIES
7/8/2022

RADIATION AND LIFE
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
7/8/2022
One step forward
Life has evolved in a radiation
environment that is either
harmless or causes adaptation
Life evolved in a radiation field
that was much more intense than
today and it was beneficial.
Ludwik Dobrzyński, Krzysztof W. Fornalski, Ludwig E.
Feinendegen. Cancer Mortality Among People Living in
Areas With Various Levels of Natural Background
Radiation. Dose Response. 2015 Jul-Sep; 13(3):
S. M. Javad Mortazavi, M. Ghiassi-nejad, Azam
Niroomand-rad, P. Andrew Karam & John R. Cameron ,
How Should Governments Address High Levels of
Natural Radiation and Radon--Lessons from the
Chernobyl Nuclear Accident and Ramsar, Iran, 13 RISK
31 (2002).
The ambient dose
rates dropped by a
factor of 10 since life
first evolved
Georg Steinhauser, Ionizing radiation
– an evolutionary threat? Hypothesis
2015, 13(1): e6,
doi:10.5779/hypothesis.v13i1.437
67

RADIATION AND LIFE
 Why did life evolve in a radiation field
that was much more intense than today?
 Natural reactors (Jaworowski 1997)
 Higher concentration of radionuclides
 Now, radiation levels on Earth vary by at
least two orders of magnitude.
 Ramsar max 260 mGy/y
 Denmark max 0.45 mGy/y
 In early days of life high levels of
background radiation was accounted for
up to 33% of mutations to the first life
forms (Karam and Leslie 1999).
 Background radiation presently accounts
for 1 – 6% of mutations. Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
Source: http://criepi.denken.or.jp
7/8/2022 68

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
The Highest Levels of Natural Radioactivity Around the
World (Inhabited Areas)
Figure: Health Research Foundation, Kyoto, Japan.
7/8/2022
❑Areas with unusually high background
radiation, or (HBRAs) are found in
Yangjiang, China; Kerala, India; Guarapari,
Brazil; and Ramsar, Iran.
❑UNSCEAR 2000 report: Ramsar,
inhabited areas with the highest known
natural radiation levels in the world.
69

NATURAL HOT SPRINGS SPAS IN RAMSAR
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
Cover of Nuclear News of the American
Nuclear Society (ANS),Sep 2017
“In the upper photo, men in Ramsar, Iran, located in a region known for having
the highest levels of natural background radiation on Earth— about 260
millisieverts per year versus the world average of 2.4 mSv per year— bathe in a
natural hot springs spa, with high radium levels, in the city’s Talesh Mahalleh
district”
70
7/8/2022

Ramsar as a very BIG natural "Revigator"

7/8/2022 Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
Popular Science
CharlieWood September 25, 2018
❑“Here in the U.S., we get about 3 mSv
each year.”
❑“People who work in nuclear power
plants are allowed 20 mSv of annual
exposure, and the residents of Ramsar,
Iran, who build their homes from a local,
radioactive limestone live their entire
lives with a whopping 250 mSv annual
dose”.
❑“Fortunately, and inexplicably, cancer
there occurs at similar rates to nearby
areas, despite background radiation
approaching that of the Martian surface”.
Do Ramsar Doses Approach Martian Surface?
72

MARS RADIATION LEVEL
 Mars' atmosphere is over 100
times thinner than Earth's
and is primarily composed of
carbon dioxide, nitrogen and
argon gases.
 Mars doesn't have an
intrinsic global magnetic
field

Popular Science
CharlieWood September 25, 2018
❑…, despite background radiation
approaching that of the Martian
surface”.
Do Ramsar Doses Approach Martian Surface?
74
“Dartnell et al. (26, 27) assumed an
absorbed dose of ~150 mGy/year at
the Martian surface, whereas Pavlov
et al. (28, 29) assumed an absorbed
dose of 50 ±5 mGy/year.The actual
absorbed dose measured by the
RAD (76 mGy/yr at the surface)
(Table 3) allows for more precise
estimations of the subsurface dose.”
Ramsar surface vs Mars Surface!
Hassler DM, Zeitlin C,Wimmer-Schweingruber RF, Ehresmann B, Rafkin S, Eigenbrode JL, Brinza DE,WeigleG,
Böttcher S, Böhm E, Burmeister S. Mars’ surface radiation environment measured with the Mars Science
Laboratory’s Curiosity rover. science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1244797.

PMID: 31531302, PMCID: PMC6709356, DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.1138
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31531302/

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
504 citations recorded by
Google Scholar
Adaptive response in the
residents of High
Background Radiation
Areas (HBRAs)
M Ghiassi-Nejad, SMJ Mortazavi,
JR Cameron, A Niroomand-Rad, PA
Karam
Health physics, 2002
http://ww.nuceng.ca/refer/radiatio
n/Ramsar.pdf
76
7/8/2022

https://doi.org/10.1016/S1569-4860(04)07140-2
S. M. J. Mortazavi and P. A. Karam, "Apparent lack of radiation susceptibility
among residents of the high background radiation area in Ramsar, Iran: can we
relax our standards?," in Radioactivity in the Environment, vol. 7: Elsevier, 2005, pp.
1141-1147.

NO ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS OF HIGH
LEVELS OF BACKGROUND RADIATION
 “Background radiation has never
been shown to unequivocally
cause acute or latent disease,
such as cancer (Hall and Ciaccia
2005).”
 “Reduced cancer occurrence was
reported since decades ago for
HBRAs
 Frigerio et al. In 1973,
 Cohen in 1995,
 Aliyu and Ramli in 2015,
 Mortazawi et al. In 2005,
 Nair et al. in 2009,
 Sun et al. in 2000).”
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
Ludwik Dobrzyński, Krzysztof W.
Fornalski, Ludwig E. Feinendegen
Cancer MortalityAmong People Living
in AreasWithVarious Levels of Natural
Background Radiation. Dose
Response. 2015 Jul-Sep; 13(3):
doi: [10.1177/1559325815592391]
PMCID: PMC4674188
PMID: 26674931
78
7/8/2022

The Guardian Report
79
Guardian, a British daily newspaper:

❑“The city of Ramsar, Iran has such high natural background radiation levels that
scientists have recommended that the 32,000 residents relocate.”
❑[this number in Guadian report needs correction, because only less than 5% of the
residents receive high doses]
❑“Its neighbourhood ofTalesh Mahalleh, the most naturally radioactive inhabited
area in the world, is under long-term study”.
❑“The radium enters into the limestone from which most of the local houses are
built”.
❑“It also infuses the drinking water and accumulates in the crops”.
[again this claim of the Guardian needs correction, because drinking water is safe]
❑“Is it dangerous, though?
❑ Lung cancer rates are no higher than average in Ramsar, although small population
sizes don’t warrant a statistically significant claim.
❑Given that 40% of us will develop cancer during our lifetime, the causes of small-
town “cancer clusters” are hard to pin on local factors, rather than on bad luck.”

❑“For years now, scientists have been studying
residents of Ramsar, a town in northern Iran that is
believed to have the highest levels of naturally
occurring background radiation for an inhabited
area.”
❑“Levels up to 80 times the world average have been
measured in town, yet studies of the few thousand
people living in the area show rates of lung cancer are
actually below average.”
❑“In fact, research shows that a gene responsible for
the production of white blood cells and so-called
"natural killer cells" that attack tumors was more
strongly expressed among the population”.
81

RAMSAR, IRAN, AS A NATURAL
RADIOBIOLOGICAL
SURROGATE FOR MARS
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

THE ORIGIN OF RADIOACTIVITY IN
RAMSAR

4. EMF STUDIES
7/8/2022

https://science.sciencemag.org/c
ontent/337/6092/290.2
7/8/2022
https://keough.nd.edu/why-
politicizing-science-is-a-problem/
Why politicizing science is a
BIG problem

Source:The Great Politicization of Climate Change
https://www.treehugger.com/corporate-responsibility/the-great-politicization-of-climate-
change-part-1.html
7/8/2022

7/8/2022
Le Monde, a French daily
afternoon newspaper:

A report by two MEPs accuses the international
commission for the protection against non-ionizing
radiation of being too close to the telecoms industry.
International Commission for the Protection against Non-Ionizing Radiation
(ICNIRP)
7/8/2022

 “……a small, privately constituted
group, with non-transparent, self-
appointed membership".
 "analysis shows that ICNIRP 2020 itself
and, in practice, all its referenced
supportive literature stem from a
network of co-authors with just 17
researchers at its core, most of them
affiliated with ICNIRP and/or the IEEE
and with ICNIRP 2020 authors in
prominent positions, where those who
are not are still closely related".

THETECHNOLOGY IS COMING, BUT CONTRARY
TO WHAT SOME PEOPLE SAY,THERE COULD BE
HEALTH RISKS!
Joel Moskowitz, PhD
Director
Center for Family and Community Health
University of California, Berkeley
7/8/2022

NYTIMES: HOW ONE SCIENTIST AND HIS
INACCURATE CHART LEDTO UNWARRANTED FEARS OF
WIRELESSTECHNOLOGY.
 “That’s why they put the towers so
close together,” he said. “The waves
don’t penetrate.” If human skin also
blocks 5G signals, Dr. Carpenter
acknowledged, “maybe it’s not that big
a deal.”.
7/8/2022

MYTHS ABOUT 5G HEALTH
HAZARDS
 Low penetration (the
protective effect of human
skin)
 Low Energy (not adequate
to ionize atoms).
 Comparing RF withVisible
Light
7/8/2022

MYTHS ABOUT RF HEALTH
HAZARDS
 Low Energy (not adequate to ionize atoms)
 Comparing RF withVisible Light
 Low penetration of 5G (the protective effect
of human skin)
“It indicates that among 100
currently available peer-reviewed
studies dealing with oxidative
effects of low-intensity RFR, in
general, 93 confirmed that RFR
induces oxidative effects in
biological systems”. Electromagn Biol
Med. 2016;35(2):186-202.
7/8/2022

POTENTIAL RF HEALTH
HAZARDS
Increased Skin and Breast
Cancers? Premature Skin
Aging?
Mehdizadeh AR, Mortazavi SMJ. 5GTechnology:Why
ShouldWe Expect a shift from RF-Induced Brain Cancers
to Skin Cancers?. Journal of biomedical physics &
engineering. 2019 Oct;9(5):505-506.
7/8/2022

5G:THE ISSUE OF INVERSE
SQUARE LAW!
7/8/2022

5G:THE ISSUE OF SAR
7/8/2022

RADIOFREQUENCY-INDUCED
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE
 In 2009, for the 1st time it was found that pre-exposure of cultured
cells to radiofrequency radiation induced an adaptive response
which increased the resistance of these cells to mytomycin C
(Sannino et al. , 2009a).
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
101
7/8/2022

RADIOFREQUENCY-INDUCED
ADAPTIVE RESPONSE
▪ Mortazavi et al. also found that laboratory animals
pre-irradiated with radiofrequency radiation were less
susceptible to subsequent lethal effects of high doses
of ionizing radiation (Mortazavi et al. , 2011a,
Mortazavi et al. , 2012a).
▪ These findings later confirmed by our subsequent
reports (Mortazavi et al. , 2011b, Mortazavi et al,
2012a) as well as the very limited published reports
that investigated the induction of adaptive response
after pre-treatment with microwave radiation (Cao et
al. , 2011, Jiang et al. , 2012, Sannino et al. , 2009b,
Sannino et al. , 2011, Zeni et al. , 2012).
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
102
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Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
103
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Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
104
7/8/2022

WindowTheory in
Adaptive Response
Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
105
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D
“the adaptive response in mammalian cells and mammals
operates within a certain window that can be defined by
upper and lower dose thresholds, typically between
about 1 and 100 mGy for a single low dose rate exposure”.
106
7/8/2022

7/8/2022

THE ROOTS OF CONTROVERSY!
7/8/2022

1. POOR PUBLICATIONS!
 We have previously shown that
some of the papers claiming no
link between mobile phone use
and brain cancer risk have
methodological errors and/or
shortcomings (Mortazavi et al.,
2017a,b, 2018; Mortazavi,
2018).
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7/8/2022

 In particular, in one of the
papers reviewed by our
research group, a 400%
difference in brain tumors
was masked by poor
statistical interpretation!
(Mortazavi, 2018).
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A 400% difference in brain tumors was
masked by poor statistical
interpretation!
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7/8/2022

2. IndustryVs. Government
Funded Research!
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3. The Duality of the Biological
Effects of LowVs. High Levels of RF!
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There are 2 school of thought regarding the
health effects of EMF:
INIRPRC SUMS
(Realistic Evidence-
BasedViewpoints)

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".....very few studies have been done on the
advantages of mobile phone radiation".
"A study done on university students concluded that
10 minute exposures to cell phone electromagnetic
fields led to decreased reaction times [8]. ... Several
other studies have examined cell phone radiation
effects in relation to Alzheimer's disease.These
studies have found that cell phone radiation may
actually improve cognitive functions and may reduce
plaque deposition in the brain, a characteristic of
Alzheimer's disease [9]. "

A shorter “reaction
time” means a faster
reaction.Activities
such as Driving
require a fast
reaction time.

4. J-SHAPED DOSE RESPONSE
 “The known human carcinogen
arsenic (AsIII) adversely affects
DNA repair, cellular control
mechanisms, and oxidative
stress”.
 “In conclusion, low doses of
arsenic (≤1 μM) trigger an
adaptive response that acts to
ameliorate the adverse effects of
oxidative stress”.. Mortazavi SMJ, Ph.D 122
7/8/2022

ARE J- OR INVERSE J-SHAPED
RESPONSES UNIVERSAL?
 “Different agents induce J- or inverse J-shaped
responses in different test systems, such as
rodents, cattle, rabbit, rhesus monkey”.
 “For example, alcohol, diesel exhaust particles,
formaldehyde, lead,Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-
dioxin (TCDD), and methyl mercury show
immunological biphasic responses”.
Ricci et al. Dose Response,
2012; 10(2): 177–189.
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J-shaped Models for
Ionizing Radiation
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J-SHAPED DOSE-RESPONSE
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Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Haghani M. Evaluation of the validity of a Nonlinear J-shaped dose-
response relationship in cancers induced by exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Journal of Biomedical Physics & Engineering. 2019 Aug;9(4):487-494.
J
7/8/2022

J-SHAPED, LINEAR ANDTHRESHOLD
DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS
 A J-shaped model, as shown above, describes low-dose reductions in the incidence of diseases.
Ricci et al. Dose Response,
2012; 10(2): 177–189.
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J-SHAPED MODELS FOR
NON-IONIZING RADIATION
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Data from: Coureau G, Bouvier G, Lebailly P, Fabbro-Peray P, Gruber A,
Leffondre K, et al. Mobile phone use and brain tumours in the CERENAT
case-control study. Occup Environ Med. 2014;71:514-22.
Mortazavi SMJ,
Mortazavi SAR,
Haghani M.
Evaluation of the
validity of a
Nonlinear J-
shaped dose-
response
relationship in
cancers induced
by exposure to
radiofrequency
electromagnetic
fields. Journal of
Biomedical
Physics &
Engineering.
2019
Aug;9(4):487-
494.
7/8/2022

Data from: Coureau G, Leffondre K, Gruber A, Bouvier G, Baldi I.
Author’s response: re ‘mobile phone use
and brain tumours in the CERENAT case-control study’. Occup
Environ Med. 2015;72:79-80.
Mortazavi SMJ,
Mortazavi SAR,
Haghani M.
Evaluation of the
validity of a
Nonlinear J-
shaped dose-
response
relationship in
cancers induced
by exposure to
radiofrequency
electromagnetic
fields. Journal of
Biomedical
Physics &
Engineering. 2019
Aug;9(4):487-494.
7/8/2022

Mortazavi SMJ, Mortazavi SAR, Haghani
M. Evaluation of the validity of a Nonlinear
J-shaped dose-response relationship in
cancers induced by exposure to
radiofrequency electromagnetic fields.
Journal of Biomedical Physics &
Engineering. 2019 Aug;9(4):487-494.
Data from: Momoli F, Siemiatycki J,
McBride ML, Parent ME, Richardson L,
Bedard D, et al. Probabilistic multiple-
bias modelling applied to the Canadian
data from the INTERPHONE study ..,
and parotid gland tumors. Am J
Epidemiol. 2017;186:885-93.
7/8/2022

CONCLUSIONS:
“Our results suggest that long-term mobile phone use may be
associated with an increased risk of glioma”.
OUR PROPOSED J-SHAPED MODEL IS
RECEIVING SUPPORT FROM RECENT
STUDIES!
7/8/2022

CONCLUSIONS:
“We found evidence linking mobile phone use and risk of brain tumours
especially in long-term users (≥10 years)”.
OUR PROPOSED J-SHAPED MODEL IS
RECEIVING SUPPORT FROM RECENT
STUDIES!
7/8/2022

THANK YOU!
7/8/2022

Final-How Some INIRPRC’s Studies Can Re-Route the Direction of Global Science (2).pdf

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