1. Page 1 of 19
Betterment of EHS conditions, a case study of
Pharmaceutical Industrial Project.
By
Muhammad Daniyal
A term paper submitted in the
fulfillment of the course requirement of
EM 502 Accounting and Financial Management
for the degree of
Masters in Engineering Management
specialization in
Construction Management
November 2015
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
KARACHI, PAKISTAN

2. Page 2 of 19
ABSTRACT
Construction sector through linkages affects about 40 building material industries, support
investment and growth climate. According to the Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan
Bureau of Statistics, Construction Sector employs 4.1 million and ranked 5th in the number of
employees but, ranked 3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury rate of
14.1%. That means approximately 1 in 12 employed person is prone to injuries/diseases in
construction industry.
Objective of this study includes studying effects of provision of safety equipment and training
sessions on EHS condition of site, finding a relation between expenditure and training and
suggesting a strategy and tentative budgets of future projects of similar magnitude. The project
under study is under construction on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres with total construction
area of about 1.5 million sq.ft. in Korangi, Karachi. The study was conducted during the period
of eight months, from January, 2015 till August, 2015.
The primary data related to the expenditure, budget and trainings was gathered through the
EHS Department of Contractor and Project Managers. Further, a survey was designed and
conducted targeted towards labor. This survey highlights the outcomes of training sessions
conducted by EHS Department.
The total planned manpower of contractor was 450 at peak and total expenditure done on
provision of PPEs was PKR 384,500. Contractor's EHS team included 4 personnel at peak who
works under the guidance of Project Manager’s EHS Department that forms the holistic EHS
Plan for complete project. They conducted a total of 279 meeting during the study period in
order to create awareness among workforce.
In order to measure the level of effectiveness of safety implementation measures Key
Performance Indicators were selected and a Risk Priority Number Analysis was performed on
the KPIs to calculate site safety index was calculated which ranges from 2 to 36 during study
period with 0 being ideal.
From the graphical relation it was observed that since PPEs were routinely provided to the
labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team was found directly proportional to site
safety index, for further reinforcement of findings a survey was conducted with sample size of
30 which found that overall awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to satisfaction.
During the study period, combined cost of PPEs and Site Safety Equipment reached 2% of the
total billed amount to adequately meet the requirements of safety standards. Therefore, it is
recommended that for future projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set between 2-3% of
total project cost.
As a strategy for future projects it is also suggested to develop a strong EHS Monitoring team
which must be enhanced with the enhancement of workforce and a system of trainings for
creating awareness should be developed, the trainings should be planned in three phases as
follows:

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Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS procedures
Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the concepts presented in
induction trainings
Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety, Fire Hazards,
Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and Working in confined space.
Further, general as well as job specific PPEs should be provided in timely manner and display
signs should be installed for creating awareness.
Periodic safety survey of work force should also be conducted and specific trainings should be
arranged in order to encounter deficiencies in training plans.

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INDEX
1. INTRODUCTION 5
1.1. General 5
1.2. Scope 5
1.3. Objective 5
1.4. Methodology 6
2. BACKGROUND 7
2.1. Construction Sector of Pakistan 7
2.2. EHS Scenario in Pakistan 8
3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT 8
3.1. Pharmaceutical Project 8
3.2. EHS Goals and Objectives 9
3.3. Personal Protective Equipment 9
3.4. Safety Awareness, Trainings and Meetings 10
3.5. Contractor’s EHS Team 11
3.6. Health & Safety Key Performance Indicators 11
3.7. Relation between Means and Awareness 14
4. SURVEY FOR ASSESSMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS 15
4.1. Survey Design 15
4.2. Survey Administration 15
4.3. Survey Analysis 16
5. COCNLUSION 17
5.1. Strategy 17
5.2. Budget 18
6. REFERNCES 19

5. Page 5 of 19
1. NTRODUCTION
1.1 GENERAL
The safety of an ordinary construction worker is not considered on an absolute prime by
majority of construction contractors in Pakistan. For several decades, Pakistani construction
workers have been struggling to attain their basic right of health and safety on job and many of
them lost their lives or sustained serious injuries due to unsafe conditions which could have
been avoided by implementing basic safe work practices. The main problem in implementing
safety standards is lack of regulations, budget and awareness.
However, this scenario is rapidly changing. With the introduction of mega projects, well-
educated management and funding agencies along with allocation of separate budgets for EHS
in projects of repute, the EHS conditions are deemed to be improved in the industry.
The essence of safe working lies with the change in mindsets of construction workers in light
of working culture by constant training and provision of proper personal and site safety
equipment to the workforce which should be well suited to the working conditions.
This study asses a relation between expenditure done by contracting firm on provision of
personal and site safety equipment in contrast to the hours put in to the training and awareness
session of workforce which resulted in better health and safety conditions of ongoing
construction project of a Pharmaceutical Plant. The relation will help in preparing the strategy
for better implementation of EHS practices and allocation of appropriate budgets for future
projects.
1.2 SCOPE
The scope of this term paper is limited to the study of EHS conditions, implementation methods
and provisions of Personal Protective Equipment (PPEs) on a Pharmaceutical Project under
construction in Korangi, Karachi.
The study was conducted during the period of eight months, from January, 2015 till
August, 2015 and all data stated corresponds to the same time period obtained through EHS
department of respective Contractor and Project Managers except labor satisfaction survey
which was formulated and conducted exclusively for this paper.
1.3 OBJECTIVES
The objective of this term paper is as follows:
 Studying effects of provision of safety equipment and training sessions on EHS condition
of site both mutually and exclusively.
 Finding a relation between expenditure and training in betterment of EHS conditions.
 Suggesting a strategy and tentative budgets of future projects of similar magnitude.

6. Page 6 of 19
1.4 METHODOLOGY
Two types of sources were utilized to gather the information in order to substantiate the
opinions as follows:
Primary Source: The primary data related to the expenditure, budget and trainings was
gathered through the EHS Department of Contractor and Project Managers.
Further, a survey was designed and conducted targeted towards labor. This survey highlights
the outcomes of training sessions conducted by EHS Departments through assessing the
awareness level of safe working conditions, use of PPEs and obstacles in conducting best
working practices.
Secondary Source: The secondary data was gathered by studying the prior research in the
areas of EHS implementation in Pakistani Construction Industry and OSHA (Occupational
Safety & Health Administration) US Department of Labor standards for construction industry.
The information obtained from these sources will guide the direction of research and
formulation of study.
2. BACKGROUND
2.1 CONSTRUCTION SECTOR OF PAKISTAN
By construction we mean realizing a structure in physical form utilizing materials with the help
of machinery and manpower (Hassan, 2012). Generally the construction sector can be divided
in to two categories, first is the residential construction (Housing) which involves individual
private housing and the second is commercial construction which comprises of commercial
plazas, industries, housing schemes etc.
In Pakistan mostly traditional approach of Design-Bid-Build system is adopted for private
commercial projects. The design being done by architects/engineers and construction handled
by Contractors with Project Managers managing the complete project some of the times.
The housing and construction sector provides substantial employment opportunities as it
contributes through a higher multiplier effect with a host of beneficial forward and backward
linkage in the economy. The sector through linkages affects about 40 building material
industries, support investment and growth climate and helps reduce poverty by generating
income opportunities for poor household (Raza, 2008).
According to the Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction
Sector employs 4.1 million of total 56.25 million work force in the country.

7. Page 7 of 19
Table 1
Employed – Distribution by Major Industry Division
*Others (includes mining & quarrying, electricity, gas & water, financing, insurance, real estate & business
services and extraterritorial organizations and bodies), Source Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by Pakistan Bureau
of Statistics
2.2 EHS SCENARIO IN PAKISTAN
Construction in developing countries, such as Pakistan and India, is more labor intensive than
that in the developed areas of the globe, involving 2.5-10 times as many workers per activity
(Farooqi et al, 2008) and the trade is ranked third among the most hazardous industries in
Pakistan with high injuries, occupational diseases and fatality rates (Sci Int, 2014).
The advancement in technology had adversely affected the construction safety of developing
countries. (Hafeez et al, 2015). If we look in to the data of Labor Force Survey 2013-14 by
Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, Construction Industry ranked 5th in the number of employees but
ranked 3rd in most injury prone industry with alarmingly high injury rate i.e. 14.1% of total
workforce of 2.41 million, which reported some kind of injury at work. That means
approximately 1 in 12 employed person is prone to injuries/diseases in construction industry.
Table 2
Occupational Injuries/Diseases – Distribution of Employed Person by Major Industry Division
Major Industry Division
2013-2014
Rank
Total Male Fe-Male
Total 100 100 100
Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 43.5 34.2 74.0 1
Manufacturing 14.2 14.7 12.3 3
Construction 7.3 9.5 0.3 5
Wholesale & Retail Trade 14.6 18.5 1.6 2
Transport/Storage & Communication 5.5 7.1 0.2 6
Community/Social & Personal Service 13.1 13.7 11.5 4
Others 1.8 2.3 0.1 7
Major Industry Division
2013-2014
Rank
Total Male Fe-Male
Total 100 100 100
Agriculture/Forestry/hunting & Fishing 51.2 46.5 86.4 1
Mining & Quarrying 0.3 0.3 - -
Manufacturing 14.2 14.9 9.2 2
Electricity, Gas & Water 0.3 0.4 - -
Construction 14.1 15.9 0.6 3
Wholesale & Retail Trade 8.6 9.5 1.1 4
Transport/Storage & Communication 7.5 8.4 0.2 5
Financial, Insurance, Real Estate and Business
Services
0.1 0.1 - -
Community/Social & Personal Service 3.7 4.0 2.5 6

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Currently, there is no independent regulation for occupational health and safety in Pakistan,
The clause 7 of Labor Policy of 2010 dictates that:
“The Labor Laws are quite complex, over-lapping, anomalous, and at times render the subject
matter difficult to understand, besides creating confusion for those who deal with them.
Further, the penalties prescribed for offences and non-compliance are very low, since some of
these laws were framed during pre-independence period. The Labor Laws will be consolidated
and rationalized into five core laws, viz;
i) Laws relating to industrial relations.
ii) Laws relating to employment and service conditions.
iii) Laws relating to occupational safety and health.
iv) Laws relating to human resource development.
v) Laws relating to labor welfare and social security. ”
Further, under clause 25 (Construction Labor) it is mentioned that since the construction sector
is witnessing rapid expansion, health, safety and occupational hazards in this industry are likely
to pose new challenges and problems. Therefore to guard the employed in this vital sector of
the economy, the Government shall enact suitable legislation to ensure health and safety of
construction workers and clause 31 (Health and Safety) substantiate the setup of A Tripartite
Council on Health and Safety in order to identify health and safety hazards for workers of all
economic sectors and to make recommendations for safety measures on a continuous basis
which is yet to be materialized.
In the absence of measures as mentioned above the main law, which governs these issues, is
the Chapter 3 of Factories Act, 1934 and The Hazardous Occupations Rules, 1963 under the
authority of Factories Act. These rules specify some hazardous occupations and authorize the
Chief Inspector of Factories to declare any other process as hazardous.
The major provisions in this act relates to operational hazards in manufacturing and mining
industry which are not specifically tailored to construction industry.
3. EHS IMPLEMENTATION AT PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT
3.1 PHARMACEUTICAL PROJECT
The Pharmaceutical Project understudy is in construction stage located at Korangi Industrial
Area, Karachi, on a green field measuring 12.5 Acres with total construction area of about 1.5
million sq.ft. The project is designed to comply with Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) of
World Health Organization (WHO) and Federal Drug Authority (FDA-USA) keeping
environment, health and safety conditions on top priority.
The project consist of 3 Production Blocks, 1 Warehouse, 1 Utility Building along with Grid
Station and Infrastructure works. The high level work break down structure of the project is as
follows:

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Figure 1
High Level Work Break Down Structure of Pharmaceutical Project
1. Pharmaceutical
Project
1.1 Production
Block A &
Warehouse
1.2 Production
Block B
1.3 Production
Block C &
Utility Building
1.5 Security &
Alarm System
Works
1.6 Fire
Protection
Works
1.1.1 Civil
Works
1.1.2 Mech.
Works
1.1.3 Elec.
Works
1.2.1 Civil
Works
1.2.2 Mech.
Works
1.2.3 Elec.
Works
1.3.1 Civil
Works
1.3.2 Mech.
Works
1.3.3 Elec.
Works
1.4
Infrastructure
1.4.1 Civil
Works
1.4.2 Mech.
Works
1.4.3 Elec.
Works
The scope of this study is limited to Package 1.1.1 Civil Works of Production Block A and
Warehouse with construction area of about 0.56 million sq.ft.
The planned manpower of contractor at peak is 450 persons. The chart below shows average
manpower of contractor at site for the period of study taken from daily manpower record
supplied by the contractor.
Figure 2
Average Manpower at Site
68 68
171
267
344
368
274
424
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15

10. Page 10 of 19
3.2 EHS GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
The companies associated with this project aims it to be a best example in effective initiation
and implementation of safety, health and environmental programs on construction projects.
The goals and objectives set in the project EHS Plan are as follows:
1. To achieve a Zero Injury rate for Injuries both ON and OFF the jobsite, for all personnel.
2. To achieve Zero Motor Vehicle Accidents (MVAs)
3. To achieve Zero traffic citations such as, unsafe driving practice warnings, speeding, etc.
4. To maintain record for followings:
a. Loss Time Injury Frequency (LTI)
b. Weekly HSSE Audits report.
c. Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition report.
d. Emergency Drills conducted at site.
e. Vehicle Accident record.
f. Environmental Issue Record.
g. Tool box Talk Record.
3.3 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE & SAFETY EQUIPMENT
As per the record provided by the contractor, the total purchases made and issued to workforce
till date on account of personal protective and site safety equipment is as follows:
Table 3
Stock Sheet for Contractor’s Personal Protective Equipment
Description Purchased Issued Balance
Unit Rate
(PKR)
Qty. Amount Qty. Amount
(PKR)
Qty. Amount
(PKR)
1. Personal Protect Equipment
Safety Helmet Piece 220 340 74,800 190 41,800 150 33,000
Safety Shoes Pair 850 395 335,750 245 208,250 150 127,500
LEP-Light Eye Piece 175 300 52,500 150 26,250 150 26,250
Earplug Packet 1,200 7 8,400 1 1,200 6 7,200
Cotton Gloves Pair 20 3,000 60,000 2,200 44,000 800 16,000
Welding Helmet Piece 1,240 35 43,400 25 31,000 10 12,400
Dust Mask Packet 210 160 33,600 110 23,100 50 10,500
Face Shield Piece 480 21 10,080 16 7,680 5 2,400
Welding Gloves Pair 610 10 6,100 2 1,220 8 4,880
Total 624,630 384,500 240,130
Table 4
Month wise expenditure summary of Contractor’s Personal Protective Equipment
Month Expenditure Expenditure/Labor Cumulative Total
(PKR) (PKR) (PRK)
Jan-15 52,390 770 52,390
Feb-15 15,390 997 67,780
Mar-15 115,260 1,070 183,040
Apr-15 52,630 883 235,670
May-15 40,010 801 275,680
Jun-15 23,585 813 299,265
Jul-15 21,110 1,169 320,375
Aug-15 64,125 907 384,500
Total 384,500 384,500

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Table 5
Expenditure summary of Contractor’s Site Safety Equipment
Description Unit Rate
Purchased
Units Amount
1. Site Safety Equipment
Barricading Tape Piece 300 17 5,100
Fire Extinguisher (6kg-DCP) Piece 3,000 4 12,000
Fire Extinguisher (6Kg-Co2) Piece 5,900 2 11,800
First Aid Box Box 3,500 1 3,500
Safety Signs (12” x 16”) Piece 120 19 2,280
Total 34,680
3.4 SAFETY AWARENESS, TRAININGS AND MEETINGS
Safety meetings on a construction project are an essential tool in continued development of a
mutual understanding of safety objectives and programs. They provide an environment in
which individual commitment, effort and ideas can be continuously correlated toward
improvement in safety programs and achievements. There are three types of training and
meetings which are mentioned in the safety plan of the project namely Induction Meetings,
Tool Box Meetings and Specific Training Meetings.
Induction Meetings are the orientation meetings conducted by EHS representative in which
groups of new employees are trained on the site safety rules and regulations, Tool Box
Meetings are short sessions conducted with labor crews on daily basis in which general
practices regarding safe and unsafe condition of works are briefed while Specific Trainings
Meetings are conducted periodically with supervisory staff in which specific area of site safety
protocol is highlighted and sufficient training is given regarding the selected topic as per the
training plan.
The number of each of these training sessions held during the reporting period are as follows:
Table 6
Summary of Safety Meetings and Trainings
Month
Induction
Meetings
Tool Box
Meetings
Specific
Training
Meeting
Total
Jan-15 4 27 0 31
Feb-15 0 24 0 24
Mar-15 6 26 7 39
Apr-15 10 26 7 43
May-15 6 26 4 36
Jun-15 4 26 6 36
Jul-15 6 24 0 30
Aug-15 6 26 8 40
Total 42 205 32 279

12. Page 12 of 19
3.5 CONTRACTOR’S EHS TEAM
The contractor’s EHS Department consist of EHS In-charge and EHS Supervisors which
directly report to him. The contractor’s EHS Department works under the guidance of Project
Manager’s EHS Department which forms the holistic EHS Plan for complete project.
The EHS teams are responsible for monitoring daily site activities and record keeping in
relation to the EHS Plan. The strength of contractor’s EHS team with respect to time are as
follows:
Table 7
Strength of Contractor’s EHS Team
Month
EHS
Personnel
Jan-15 2
Feb-15 2
Mar-15 2
Apr-15 3
May-15 4
Jun-15 4
Jul-15 4
Aug-15 4
3.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Key indicators of safety performance (KPIs) are characterized as consisting of a set of selected
measures that describe the level of effectiveness of the safety process. Leading indicators
measure the building blocks of the safety culture of a project or company. When one or more
of these measures suggests that any aspect of safety process is weak or weakening, intervention
can be implemented to improve the safety process and thereby positively impact the safety
process before any negative occurrences (injuries) are sustained (Rehan et al, 2014).
The key safety performance indicators considered during this study are:
1. First Aid Cases (which includes minor hand injuries, fever, abdomen pain, headache, loose
motion, eye irritation etc.)
2. Major Injuries (which require hospitalization)
3. Safety Warning Notices (incase the point of conflict is not resolved with the issuance of
unsafe condition notice)
4. Work Stoppage Notices (issued when work is stopped due to unsafe conditions or violation
of safety rules)
5. Near Misses (Incidents in which if care was not taken may result in greater loss).
6. Unsafe Condition Notices
The record of occurrence of KPIs during the study period is as follows:

13. Page 13 of 19
Table 8
Record of KPIs
Month First
Aid
Cases
Major
Injuries
Safety
Warning
Notices
Work
Stoppage
Notices
Near
Misses
Unsafe
Condition
Notices
Total
Jan-15 0 0 0 0 0 4 4
Feb-15 0 0 7 4 8 12 31
Mar-15 15 0 18 12 3 4 52
Apr-15 7 0 2 3 2 0 14
May-15 5 0 6 2 0 1 14
Jun-15 22 0 3 1 0 2 28
Jul-15 16 0 0 0 0 0 16
Aug-15 36 0 3 1 0 3 43
Total 101 0 39 23 13 26 202
To arrive at a general site safety index in order to co-relate it with the means (PPEs) and
awareness (safety meetings and trainings) a Risk Priority Number Analysis is performed on the
above mentioned KPIs. The Risk Priority Number (RPN) methodology is a technique for
analyzing the risk associated with potential problems. Past experience and engineering
judgment of EHS team was utilized to rate each potential problem according to three rating
scales:
1. Severity, which rates the severity of the potential effect of the occurrence.
2. Occurrence, which rates the likelihood that the failure will occur.
3. Detection, which rates the likelihood that the problem will be detected before it reaches the
conclusion.
A rating scale of 1 to 5 was adopted for RPN analysis, where 5 indicates that the failure is very
likely to occur and is worse than 1, which indicates that the failure is very unlikely to occur.
The specific rating criteria selected is as follows:
Table 9
Rating criteria for RPN Analysis
Rating Description Criteria
1 Very Low or None Minor nuisance
2
Low or Minor Operations can be continued
with reduced performance
3
Moderate or
Significant
Gradual performance
degradation
4 High Loss of function
5
Very High or
Catastrophic
Safety related catastrophic
failure
After the rating have been assigned RPN of each issue is calculated by the following formula:
RPN = Severity x Occurrence x Detection
Following are the RPN obtained after performing the analysis on KPIs.

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Table 10
RPN of KPIs
KPI Severity Occurrence Detection RPN
First-Aid Cases 3 3 3 18
Major Injuries 5 1 4 20
Safety Warning Notices 2 3 2 12
Work Stoppage Notices 3 2 2 12
Near Misses 3 1 4 12
Un safe Condition Notices 2 4 1 8
The RPN of individual KPI thus obtained is utilized as nominator factor against maximum
RPN for calculating weighted site safety index in relation to KPI with maximum RPN then
multiplying by number of occurrences by the following modified form of formula original of
which was used by Priyadarshani et al 2013:
𝑆𝑖𝑡𝑒 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥 =
𝑅𝑃𝑁 𝐾𝑃𝐼1
20
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑃𝐼1 +
𝑅𝑃𝑁 𝐾𝑃𝐼2
20
𝑁𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑃𝐼2+
𝑅𝑃𝑁 𝐾𝑃𝐼𝑛
20
𝑁𝑜.𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑐𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐾𝑃𝐼𝑛
This site safety index thus calculated for each month are as follows, It is to be noted that the
site safety index is inversely proportional to EHS condition at site, more index is near to 0
better are the site safety conditions, where 0 is the absolute index which means desired site
safety conditions.
Table 11
Site Safety Indices
Month
Site Safety
Index
Jan-15 2
Feb-15 16
Mar-15 35
Apr-15 11
May-15 10
Jun-15 23
Jul-15 14
Aug-15 36
3.7 RELATION BETWEEN MEANS AND AWARENESS
Since statistical co-relation techniques cannot be applied n such data therefore in order to assess
the provisions which contributes towards better EHS conditions a relation is generated between
means and awareness of EHS by plotting multiple axis graph. The expenditure per labor on
personal protective equipment and the strength of EHS team constitute the means side as they
both helps in implementing the EHS policy while the meetings and training sessions counts
towards the awareness of EHS policy, Further an overall site safety index and manpower status
provides the understanding of on ground condition of EHS policy based on key performance
indicators.

15. Page 15 of 19
From the graphical relation it is observed that since the PPEs are routinely provided to the
labor, the number of trainings and strength of EHS team is directly proportional to site safety
index as can be substantiated that in month of April-15 the site safety index was (11), number
of trainings were (43) and
Figure 3
Relation between Manpower, expenses on PPEs, EHS Team & Trainings
EHS team strength was increased to (3) which was (2) in previous months in comparison to the
month of August-2015 where the site safety index was worst (36) of the whole study period,
the number of safety trainings (40) provided was considerably less in comparison to the
substantial increase in manpower (from 267 in April to 424 in August) which indicates that
EHS team strength needs to be increased in months following August 2015 in order to achieve
better site safety index.
4. SURVEY FOR ASSESMENT OF SITE SAFETY AWARENESS
4.1 SURVEY DESIGN
In order further reinforce the findings from data regarding the status of safety awareness. A
survey was formulated to assess the understanding of EHS policy by the labor. The survey
questionnaire was kept simple and designed in Urdu due to poor literacy rate of target
population.
The questionnaire included 6 nominal questions related to safety awareness as follows:
1. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working on site
a. Helmet
b. Safety Shoes
c. Both a & b (Correct)
68 68
171
267
344 368
274
424
770
997
1,070
883
801 813
1,169
90731
24
39
43
36 36
30
40
2
16
35
11 10
23
14
36
2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15
Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15
Manpower 68 68 171 267 344 368 274 424
Expense/Labor 770 997 1,070 883 801 813 1,169 907
Trainings 31 24 39 43 36 36 30 40
Safety Score 2 16 35 11 10 23 14 36
EHS Personnel 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4

16. Page 16 of 19
2. Which Personal Protective Equipment are mandatory for working at height
a. Safety Harness
b. Helmet and Safety Shoes
c. Both a & b (Correct)
3. What will happen in case of fire incident at site?
a. A siren will be sounded (Correct)
b. Your supervisor will tell you that there is a fire incident
c. You will not be informed
4. What will you do in case of fire incident at site?
a. Try to fight the fire
b. Do nothing and continue working
c. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct)
5. What will you do in case you feel sick?
a. Inform supervisor and continue working
b. Inform supervisor and seek medical help from EHS Office (Correct)
c. Inform supervisor and leave the site
6. What will you do in case you find naked electrical wire on ground?
a. Stop the work, inform supervisor and wait for instructions (Correct)
b. Remove the wire from site
c. Do nothing and continue working
4.2 SURVEY ADMINSITRATION
With labor force of 400 personnel a sample of 30 was selected to conduct the survey, since the
survey was administered in person therefore error percentage was kept at 5% which resulted in
confidence interval of 7.5 with confidence level of 95%.
4.3 SURVEY ANALYSIS
The response received on the questionnaire are mentioned in the table below
Table 12
Response of Questionnaire
Question
Number of
responses out of 30
% age of correct
response
1.Which Personal Protective Equipment are
mandatory for working on site
a. Helmet 2
90%b. Safety Shoes 1
c. Both a & b (Correct) 27
2.Which Personal Protective Equipment are
mandatory for working at height
a. Safety Harness 3
73.34%b. Helmet and Safety Shoes 5
c. Both a & b (Correct) 22

17. Page 17 of 19
3. What will happen in case of fire incident
at site?
a. A siren will be sounded (Correct) 28
93.34%
b. Your supervisorwill tell you that there is a
fire incident
2
c. You will not be informed 0
4. What will you do in case of fire incident
at site?
a. Try to fight the fire 6
80%b. Do nothing and continue working 0
c. Reach the nearest assembly point (Correct) 24
5. What will you do in case you feel sick?
a. Inform supervisorand continue working 4
80%
b. Inform supervisorand seek medical help
from EHS Office (Correct)
24
c. Inform supervisorand leave the site 2
6. What will you do in case you find naked
electrical wire on ground?
a. Stop the work, inform supervisorand wait
for instructions
21
70%b. Remove the wire from site 6
c. Do nothing and continue working 3
Overall % age of Correct Responses
calculated by arithmetic mean
97.33%
From the response presented earlier with confidence level of 95% and confidence interval of
7.5 it was find out that the labor force is well aware of the EHS requirements for general
working at site, fire incident and medical conditions as the percentages of correct responses is
equal to or above 80% however more work is required in creating awareness for electrical
hazards and working at height whose correct responses were below 80%. The overall
awareness of Site EHS Policy is up to the satisfaction.
5. CONCLUSION
5.1 STRATEGY
According to the assessment of graphical relation, the betterment of safety conditions is mostly
influenced by the strength of EHS monitoring team beside provision of PPEs and trainings
based on which following strategy is suggested for future project.
 Develop a strong EHS Monitoring team which needs to be retained for complete
duration of project and must be enhanced with the enhancement of workforce.
 Develop a system of trainings for creating awareness.
 The trainings should be planned in three phases as follows:
o Induction Training in order to brief new inductees on EHS procedures
o Regular Trainings / Tool Box Talks in order to reinforce the concepts presented
in induction trainings
o Specialized Trainings on individual concepts of General Safety, Fire Hazards,
Electrical Hazzard, Working at height and Working in confined space.
 Provide general as well as job specific PPEs in timely manner

18. Page 18 of 19
 Install display signs creating awareness and motivating workforce for safe working
conditions.
 Conduct periodic safety survey of work force and arrange specific trainings to
encounter deficiencies in training plans.
5.2 BUDGET
During the study period a total of PKR 384,500 worth of PPEs and PKR 34,680 worth of Site
Safety Equipment were utilized in the same period the total billing for works executed by
contractor was PKR 23,909,680 making it 15.86% of total project cost. The combined cost of
PPEs and Site Safety Equipment is 2% of total billed amount which is adequate to meet the
requirements of safety standards set for this project. Therefore it is recommended for future
projects of similar nature EHS Budget to be set between 2-3% of total project cost.
It is to be noted that this budget doesn’t include the cost of EHS monitoring team which will
be on the parole of contractor’s management team.

19. Page 19 of 19
6. REFERNCES
Labor Force Survey 2013-14, Govt. of Pakistan, Bureau of Statistics
Labor Policy 2010, Govt. of Pakistan
Construction Safety Research in Pakistan: A Review and Future Research Direction, 7th
International Civil Engineering Congress (ICEC-2015) “Sustainable Development through
Advancements in Civil Engineering” June 12-13, 2015, Karachi, Pakistan. Hafiz Zahoor,
Abert P.C. Chan, Rafiq M. Choudhry, Wahyudi P. Utama, Ran Gao.
Health, Safety and Environmental Practices in the Construction Sector of Pakistan, Syed
Ahmed Hasan, 2012.
Investigation of Safety Performance Indicator on Construction Projects, Sci.Int. Rehan
Masood, Babar Mujtaba, M. Ali Khan, Sajjad Mubin, Faizan Shafique, Hafiz Zahoor, 2014.
Role of Construction Sector in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan
Economy. First International Conference on Construction In Developing Countries
ICCIDC–I) “Advancing and Integrating Construction Education, Research & Practice”
2008, Raza Ali Khan.
Safety Performance in Construction Industry of Pakistan, First International Conference on
Construction In Developing Countries ICCIDC–I) “Advancing and Integrating Construction
Education, Research & Practice” 2008, Rizwan U. Farooqi, Farukh Arif, S.F.A Rafeequi
Construction Safety Assessment Framework for Developing Countries: A Case Study of
Sri Lanka, Journal of Construction in Developing Countries, 18(1), 33–51, 2013, Kanchana
Priyadarshani, Gayani Karunasena and Sajani Jayasuriya.