CFD T section pipe flow benchmarking

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This document outlines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of river channel bifurcation. It discusses grid independence studies using different mesh sizes and evaluating reattachment length. Parameter studies vary fluid (water vs hydrogen), discharge ratio, and Reynolds number. Results include velocity streamlines, skin friction plots, and vorticity profiles. The conclusion compares results to benchmark studies and analyzes how discharge ratio impacts bifurcation flow patterns at constant Reynolds number.

Technology Business

ME – 259 Introduction to Computational Fluid
Dynamics
Prof. Dongmei Zhou

Introduction
 Applications

River channel Bifurcation

Living Cardiovascular
system

Fluent Settings
 CFD Simulation: 3ddp (3-D Double Precision)
 Convergence criteria:
 Continuity = 1e-06
 X- velocity = 1e-06
 Y- velocity = 1e-06
 Z- velocity = 1e-06
 Discretization :
 Pressure : PRESTO
 Momentum equation setting = Second Order Upwind
 Solver : Coupled

Boundary Conditions (BC)
 BC 1 : Main channel Velocity Inlet

 BC 2 : Main channel Pressure Outlet

 BC 3 : Branch Velocity outlet

Procedure For study
 Grid Independent Study
 Creation of Different Mesh Files in GAMBIT ®
 Simulated in FLUENT® 3D
 Find Reattachment Length in Zone A
 Plot Truncation Error
 Parameter Study
 Simulated
Scenario 1 : Used Cases In Benchmark Paper

Scenario 2 : Change Fluid from water to Hydrogen

Scenario 3 : Keeping Reynolds Number constant changed

Discharge Ratio

Grid Independent Study
 Simulation results of Reattachment Length in Zone A
Reattachment Length in Zone A
% Error % Error
Analytical Re-
From From Best
Result attachment Error Error From
Analytical Mesh Size
from Mesh Size Length From Best
Or Or
Liepsch in Zone A Analytical Mesh Size
Truncation Truncation
Paper (meters)
error error

148176 2.42857 0.44847 15.58789589 0.43507 15.19290134

453600 2.48654 0.3905 13.57297778 0.3771 13.16855471
2.87704 1185408 2.64287 0.23417 8.139268137 0.22077 7.709418782

4000752 2.85714 0.0199 0.691683119 0.0065 0.226983839

4634784 2.86364 0.0134 0.465756472 0 0

Grid Independent Study
 Truncation Error Plots

Comparing with Liepsch Paper Comparing with Best Mesh Size

Grid Independent Study
 Streamline plots of velocity of Case 1 at Z = 2.0

Grid Independent Study
 Comparison of velocity profiles at Z=4.0 plane

Grid Independent Study
 Skin Friction Plots At Outer wall Of The Main
Skin Friction Plots At Branch Left wall
Right Wall
Channel

Grid Independent Study
 Z-plots of Vorticity Profiles at different positions of Y
keeping X constant

Grid Independent Study
 Z-plots of Vorticity Profiles at different positions of X
keeping Y constant

Parameter Study
 Mesh Size Used : 81 x 70 x 80
 Scenario Used
1. Study of Cases in Paper
2. Change of Fluid to Hydrogen
3. Keeping Re Constant Change Discharge ratio ‘r’

Parameter Study
 Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper
Reynold Discharge Main channel
Branch Velocity Outlet
Case Ratio Velocity inlet
V2 (m/sec)
AR
Number r V1 = Ub (m/sec)
1 515 8 0.23 0.000258738 0.000059509
2 496 8 0.44 0.00024919 0.000109643
3 525 8 0.64 0.000026376 0.000168806
4 1062 8 0.58 0.000533548 0.000309458
5 496 1 0.44 0.00024919 0.000109643

Parameter Study
 Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper
 Velocity streamline plots of the simulation

Parameter Study
 Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper
 Velocity streamline plots of the Paper or benchmark

Parameter Study
 Scenario 2 : Change of Fluid to Hydrogen

Parameter Study Scenario 2 : Re-attachment Length
Discharge
Reynolds Reattachment
Fluid Ratio
number Length Xr (meters)
‘r’
Water 496 0.44 2.48654
Hydrogen 496 0.44 3.2

Parameter Study
 Scenario 2 : Change of Fluid to Hydrogen

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 : Keeping ‘Re’ Constant Change Discharge ratio ‘r’
Reynold Discharge Ratio 'r' Main channel Branch Velocity
Number Inlet Velocity Outlet
V1 (m/sec) V2 (m/sec)

0.23 0.000059509

0.000258738
0.75 0.000194053
515 1 0.000258738
1.5 0.000388107
2 0.000776214

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 0.23

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 0.75

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 1.00

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 1.50

Parameter Study
 Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 2.00

Conclusion
 Grid Independent Study

Comparing with Liepsch Paper Comparing with Best Mesh Size

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1. ME – 259 Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics Prof. Dongmei Zhou

2. Introduction  CFD Model

3. Introduction  Applications River channel Bifurcation Living Cardiovascular system

4. Fluent Settings  CFD Simulation: 3ddp (3-D Double Precision)  Convergence criteria:  Continuity = 1e-06  X- velocity = 1e-06  Y- velocity = 1e-06  Z- velocity = 1e-06  Discretization :  Pressure : PRESTO  Momentum equation setting = Second Order Upwind  Solver : Coupled

5. Boundary Conditions (BC)  BC 1 : Main channel Velocity Inlet  BC 2 : Main channel Pressure Outlet  BC 3 : Branch Velocity outlet

6. Procedure For study  Grid Independent Study  Creation of Different Mesh Files in GAMBIT ®  Simulated in FLUENT® 3D  Find Reattachment Length in Zone A  Plot Truncation Error  Parameter Study  Simulated Scenario 1 : Used Cases In Benchmark Paper  Scenario 2 : Change Fluid from water to Hydrogen  Scenario 3 : Keeping Reynolds Number constant changed  Discharge Ratio

7. Grid Independent Study  Simulation results of Reattachment Length in Zone A Reattachment Length in Zone A % Error % Error Analytical Re- From From Best Result attachment Error Error From Analytical Mesh Size from Mesh Size Length From Best Or Or Liepsch in Zone A Analytical Mesh Size Truncation Truncation Paper (meters) error error 148176 2.42857 0.44847 15.58789589 0.43507 15.19290134 453600 2.48654 0.3905 13.57297778 0.3771 13.16855471 2.87704 1185408 2.64287 0.23417 8.139268137 0.22077 7.709418782 4000752 2.85714 0.0199 0.691683119 0.0065 0.226983839 4634784 2.86364 0.0134 0.465756472 0 0

8. Grid Independent Study  Truncation Error Plots Comparing with Liepsch Paper Comparing with Best Mesh Size

9. Grid Independent Study  Streamline plots of velocity of Case 1 at Z = 2.0

10. Grid Independent Study  Comparison of velocity profiles at Z=4.0 plane

11. Grid Independent Study  Skin Friction Plots At Outer wall Of The Main Skin Friction Plots At Branch Left wall Right Wall Channel

12. Grid Independent Study  Z-plots of Vorticity Profiles at different positions of Y keeping X constant

13. Grid Independent Study  Z-plots of Vorticity Profiles at different positions of X keeping Y constant

14. Parameter Study  Mesh Size Used : 81 x 70 x 80  Scenario Used 1. Study of Cases in Paper 2. Change of Fluid to Hydrogen 3. Keeping Re Constant Change Discharge ratio ‘r’

15. Parameter Study  Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper Reynold Discharge Main channel Branch Velocity Outlet Case Ratio Velocity inlet V2 (m/sec) AR Number r V1 = Ub (m/sec) 1 515 8 0.23 0.000258738 0.000059509 2 496 8 0.44 0.00024919 0.000109643 3 525 8 0.64 0.000026376 0.000168806 4 1062 8 0.58 0.000533548 0.000309458 5 496 1 0.44 0.00024919 0.000109643

16. Parameter Study  Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper  Velocity streamline plots of the simulation

17. Parameter Study  Scenario 1 : Study of Cases in Paper  Velocity streamline plots of the Paper or benchmark

18. Parameter Study  Scenario 2 : Change of Fluid to Hydrogen Parameter Study Scenario 2 : Re-attachment Length Discharge Reynolds Reattachment Fluid Ratio number Length Xr (meters) ‘r’ Water 496 0.44 2.48654 Hydrogen 496 0.44 3.2

19. Parameter Study  Scenario 2 : Change of Fluid to Hydrogen

20. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 : Keeping ‘Re’ Constant Change Discharge ratio ‘r’ Reynold Discharge Ratio 'r' Main channel Branch Velocity Number Inlet Velocity Outlet V1 (m/sec) V2 (m/sec) 0.23 0.000059509 0.000258738 0.75 0.000194053 515 1 0.000258738 1.5 0.000388107 2 0.000776214

21. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 0.23

22. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 0.75

23. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 1.00

24. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 1.50

25. Parameter Study  Scenario 3 Velocity Streamline plot at r = 2.00

26. Conclusion  Grid Independent Study Comparing with Liepsch Paper Comparing with Best Mesh Size

27. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 1

28. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 1

29. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 2

30. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 3

31. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 3

32. Conclusion  Parameter Study Scenario 3