The document outlines the key characteristics of interior design from ancient Egyptian, Greek, and Roman styles through Victorian era styles. For each historical period, it describes notable buildings, common construction materials and techniques, as well as typical decorative motifs. The summary provides an overview of the evolution of interior design across different cultures and eras.

1. INTERIOR DESIGN
FINAL PROJECT
Haydn Thomas
ID 142- Fall 2011
Novermber 29, 2011

2. PART I- EGYPTIANS
 Key buildings- temples, tombs, mastabas, row houses, palaces, and
pyramids.
 Materials and construction techniques- sun-dried mud
bricks, stone/limestone, sandstone, and granite, massive structures with
thick mud brick/stone walls, trabeated construction (system of columns
and lintels).
 Key motifs- Lotus and papyrus borders, spiral and rosette
patterns, fret, lotus
bud, chevron, checkerboard, ankh, vulture, deities, griffin.

3. EGYPTIANS
- (above) Chevron pattern on
- Hieroglyphics(found on wall panels
clothing
in my house)
- (below)Pyramids of Giza

4. PART II- GREEK AND ROMAN
 Motifs- Greek: vine patterns, palmette
 Key buildings- temples (based on
and
Mycenean megaron), houses (2-4
honeysuckle, anthemion, antefix, rinceau, lo
stories), market centers. tus and palmette, greek key or fret
 Building materials and construction border, spiral wave, ram’s head and border.
techniques- City separated by: sacred Roman: arabesque, cupids, pegasus, skull
and swag, entablature, griffin and lion table
(stone, marble), private, and public
supports.
areas; plaster, mosaics, trabeated
 Influences on subsequent cultures:
architectural system; doric, ionic, and
Classical designs were reintroduced in
corinthian, tuscan, and Roman
Western Europe during Renaissance, and
corinthian orders. later the Neoclassical period, also influences
in American Federal style

5. GREEK AND ROMAN
Greek and
Roman columns
and components

6. GREEK AND ROMAN
- (top) Pediment
- (top right) Volute capital
- (bottom right) Fret/key border

7. PART III- BYZANTINE
 Key buildings- churches, cathedrals, religious buildings
 Materials and techniques- mosaics, stone sculptures, real
gold tiles, dark interiors, domes, curved ceilings.
 Key motifs- rosettes, diamond and oak leaf
carvings, religious figures, linen fold panels, crocket
border, trefoil and quatrefoil, windows with tracery.

8. BYZANTINE
- (left) Mosaic at St. Mark’s Basillica (Italy)
- (bottom left) Detailed columns with oak leaf
carvings at St. Mark’s
- (bottom right) Hagia Sophia in Istanbul (postcard)

9. PART IV- ROMANESQUE
 Key buildings- cathedrals, palaces, market
squares, churches.
 Materials/Construction techniques- stone and marble or
brick carvings, and ornamentation, with massive round
arches
 Motifs- windows with tracery, rosettes, crocket
border, finials, linen-fold panel, carvings, trefoil, and
quatrefoil.

10. ROMANESQUE
- (far left)
Vaulted
structure
- (top left)
Roman
aquaduct, imp
ortant in
function. –
large arches.
- (bottom left)
Detailed
arches
, Leaning
Tower of Pisa

11. PART V- GOTHIC
 Buildings- churches, cathedrals, large municipal buildings
throughout France, England, and Italy.
 Materials and techniques- cross plan, flying
buttresees, tracery windows; stone, stained glass, heavy oak
funrniture.
 Motifs- linenfold, crocket borders, window stone
tracery, quatrefoil, trefoil, religious symbols.

12. GOTHIC
- (top left) Quatrefoil
inspired wall design
- (bottom left) Rose
window at National
Cathedral in
Washington, DC
- (right) Gothic
architecture, Vault

13. RENAISSANCE
Country Key buildings Materials and construction Motifs Furniture
techniques introductions and
developements
Italy Villas Brick/stone or plastered Arabesque, Sgabello, sedia
walls with frescos, walnut gadroon, laurel (small
furniture leaf, festoon, upholstered
guilloche, chairs),
cartouche, rosette savonarola,
cassone, credenza
France Chateaux Heavy materials, stone, Lozenge, Fleur de Caquetoire,
bricks, walnut furniture lis, geometric armoire
panel.
England Country houses Homes had a long gallery/ (shared with Baluster turnings,
hallway, tall walls of other styles), used wainscot chair,
windows, oak paneling, many classical turnings, drop
pargework ceilings. motifs leaf tables
Spain Houses (casas) House designed around Wrought iron, Freilero, armario,
central patio with wrought geometrical vargueno,
iron grille work, Moorish patterns wrought iron
influence. bases

14. RENAISSANCE
- (top right) French motif- Fleur
de lis
- (top right) Biltmore Estate in
Ashville, NC, French
Renaissance
- (left) Broken pediment-
furniture form of Renaissance

15. BAROQUE
Country Key characteristics Key motifs Furniture Buildings
PART VII- BAROQUE introductions and
developments
Italy “decoration on top of Pedestal legs, The dome, St. Peter’s, Palaces,
decoration”, carvings, flemish scrolls, grand furniture homes,
mosaics, paintings, gold. ornate carvings pieces, classical cathedrals
of religious moldings
figures and
cupids
France Fabric on walls, used Square pedestal Canape, ormolu Palaces,
color of gold, Louis XIV leg, flemish “c” mounts, Lois XIV homes,
scroll and “s” chair. chateaux
scroll
England Turnings, large panels, n/a Veneering, exclusive Cathedrals,
Grinling Gibbons use of walnut, banquet
carvings, use of walnut, marquetry and laquer halls, homes,
Jacobean, William and work, “harmony of palaces.
Mary furniture”

16. BAROQUE
 French Baroque Interior:
• Ornate interiors
• Dramatic use of texture through color (light and dark for contrast)
• Marble and checkerboard floor
• Plaster/stucco ornamentation
• Gold gilded on furniture, walls, ceilings
• “Decoration on top of decoration”
• Elaborate wall treatments, fabric

17. BAROQUE
- (bottom left) Versailles Hall of Mirrors
(French Baroque)
- (above) French Baroque piano, with
ormolu mounts
- (top left) End table with turnings (English
Baroque)

18. PART VIII- ROCOCO
 Buildings- Houses, municipal buildings
 Key characteristics of style- shell motif, influence of Madame
Pompadour (Louis XV), defined rooms, fabric wall panels and
mirrors, England regected Rococo and adopted Georgian style of
architecture
 Motifs- scrolled foot, shell motif, cabriole leg, fan motif
 “Design for women”
 England- Chippendale (Chinese influence)(mahogany), Palladian
influence, Queen Anne (walnut, splat back)

19. ROCOCO
- (left) Queen Anne dining chair
- (bottom left) Fan motif (English rococo)
- (bottom right) French Louis XV inspired chair

20. PART IX- NEOCLASSIC
 Buildings- Homes, mansions, state/capital and government buildings
 Key characteristics- fabric walls, drapery, curved lined chairs, ceiling and floor reflected in
design, fan windows, pediments, dentil moldings, white woodwork, classical inspiration
 Motifs- fan motif, pediments, dentil work, influences from Greece and Rome, rosette
block, lyre, cornucopia, medallion and square back, wheat, bellflower, paterae, prince of Wales
plume, urns
 England- Regency, Hepplewhite (shield back), Sheraton (square back), Adam Brothers
 USA- Federal Style (Georgian), American Empire
 France- Louis XVI, Directoire, French Empire
 Bringing back of classical elements in altered forms
 Neoclassic interior- dark colors, wallpaper, painted motif walls, classical elements of
ancient Greece and Rome

21. NEOCLASSIC
- (right) Hepplewhite chair- English Neoclassic
- (bottom left) Hitchcock side table- American
Federal
- (bottom right) Petit Trianon at Versailles in France-
French Neoclassic

22. PART X- VICTORIAN
 Buildings- homes and mansions
 Characteristics- nostalgic reinterpretation, lots of sentimental and
historical ornamentaions, Substyles: Gothic Revival,Rococo
Revival, Eastlake style
 Furniture and develpoments- Bentwood (steam bending of wood) and
Thonet, Belter, use of iron and plateglass (Eiffel Tower)
 Interior- Rococo rinceau patterns, cabriole leg, asymmetrical
designs, love of fringe and knick-knacks, high ceilings, crown
moldings, ornate fireplaces.

23. VICTORIAN
- (left) Thonet, bentwood rocking chair
- (bottom left)Korner’s Folly in downtown
Kernersville, NC (Victorian style home)
- (below) Rosewood furniture typical of
Victorian era, inspired by Belter

24. PART XI- ARTS AND
CRAFTS
 Buildings- homes and business buildings
 Began in England, William Morris (Morris chair)
 Characteristics- quality, use of local woods, simple, revolution
against machine age, “mission style”
 Key furniture introductions and develpoments- Morris chair, oak
woods, furniture made with the quality first
 Interior- cozy, warm colors, earth tones, simple local woods. High
quality

25. ARTS AND CRAFTS
- (left) William Morris (arts and crafts designer) wallpaper
- (bottom right) Gustav Stickley chair
- (bottom left) Bungalow style house

26. PART XII - ART NOUVEAU
 Buildings- homes, business/office buildings
 Characteristics- swirling lines, forms from nature, influences from:
nature, japanese prints, rococo, and islamic arts, “beauty and function”, “art
and industry”, newness, change of role for women in arts, stained glass, large
use of woods.
 Furniture introductions and developments- Macintosh, Horta, Guimard
(designers)- chairs with unique wood/design, Tiffany-glass and
decorations, asymmetrical curvy designs
 Interior- curvy asymmetrical furniture, stained glass windows, unique
woods, warm earth tone colors

27. ART NOUVEAU
- (left) Art Nouveau style doorway and window
- (middle) Wallpaper typical in Art Nouveau styled homes
- (right) Art Nouveau storage piece, curved lines, organic design.

28. PART XIII - PRAIRIE STYLE
 Buildings- homes, mansions, office buildings, temples, churches
 Characteristics- straight lines, simple designs, inspiration from
nature, emphasis on the horizontal, motifs derived from nature
 Furniture introductions and developments- early chair and dining room
table, later chairs, midway garden chairs, use of plywood, glass, metal/steel
 Interiors- light, airy, use of earthy colors, straight lines, use of many
woods, nature inspired
 Frank Lloyd Wright- prominent designer of prairie style, designed
furniture and architecture

29. PRAIRIE STYLE
- (left) prairie
style light fixture
- (bottom left)
Origami chair by
Frank Lloyd
Wright
- (right) modern
interpretation of
a prairie style
home
- (bottom right)
Frank Lloyd
Wright home in
Oak Park

30. PART XIV- ART DECO
 Buildings- home, businesses, hotels, and offices
 Characteristics- sleek, geometric, cubistic, machine age, jazz influence, shapes of
the Bauhaus School and streamlined styling of modern technology combined with
patterns and icons taken from the Far East, ancient Greece and
Rome, Africa, India, and Mayan and Aztec cultures, came from excitement over
discoveries/finds in Egypt
 Furniture introductions and developments- steel frames for structre, use of glass
and metal, leather, streamlined
 Interiors- simple with pops of color, pastels (Miami, South Beach) bright
colors, metal , glass, straight lines, and simple designs

31. ART DECO
- (left) Art Deco inspired light- wall sconce
- (bottom left) Transat chair by Eileen Gray and Jean
Badovici
- (bottom right) Art deco hotel in South Beach Miami

32. PART XV- INTERNATIONAL
STYLE
 Buildings- glass houses, skyscrapers, offices, business buildings
 Characteristics- use of glass, steel, simple geometric forms
 Furniture introductions and developments- use of steel and
glass, Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, molded fiberglass, and
plastic, stackable chairs
 Interiors- glass window walls, steel, glass used in many different
elements, colors: white, simple designs

33. INTERNATIONAL STYLE
- (left) Bertoia chair at Father and Sons
(Downtown Raleigh)
- (bottom right)Weissenhof Museum
- (below) Alvar Aalto’s stacking stools

34. PART XVI - POSTMODERN
STYLE
 Buildings- homes, hotels, businesses, office buildings
 Characteristics- sculptural, hi-tech, emphasis on
ergonomics, classic materials (granite, hardwood floors)
 Classics with a twist, “less is a bore”
 Furniture introductions and developments- “inflatable
furniture”, non-conventional furniture forms, Robert Stern, Frank
Gehry, Michael Graves, Maya Lin (all designers)
 Interiors- sectional sofas, entertainment centers, granite, hardwood
floors, unconventional seating/chairs

35. POSTMODERN STYLE
- (left) Frank Gehry “wiggle” chair
- (bottom left) Guggenheim museum in
Bilbao, designed by Frank Gehry
- (bottom right) Maya Lin inspired kids
furniture (by Knoll)

36. SOURCES FROM INTERNET
 http://www.abroadlanguages.com/learn/arabic/cairo/courses/activities.asp
 http://www.superstock.com/stock-photography/prophetic
 http://aubreyloyd.blogspot.com/2009_02_01_archive.html
 http://www.regencysplendour.co.uk/statues.php
 http://www.hotelcentrumistanbul.com/hagiasophia.asp
 http://www.art.com/products/p13056805-sa-i2293070/guy-thouvenin-detail-of-st-marks-basilica-venice-veneto-
italy.htm?sorig=cat&sorigid=177072&dimvals=177072&ui=bbea9e640be448e792b50eabd33d7ba2
 http://www.provence-a-la-carte.com/index.php?rub=3
 http://www.cnbc.com/id/29618050/Selling_Neverland_The_Collection_of_Michael_Jackson
 http://theartnouveaublog.blogspot.com/2011/05/art-nouveau-wallpaper.html
 http://www.howisjulie.com/2009/03/frank-lloyd-wrights-taliesin-west/
 http://www.antiquehomestyle.com/styles/prairie-school.htm
 http://www.1stdibs.com/furniture_item_detail.php?id=338885
 http://vithouse.com/a-unique-wiggle-and-side-chair-by-frank-gehry-and-vitra/
 http://www.houzz.com/photos/kids-products/start=1880

37. Haydn Thomas
ID 142 Final Project
November 29, 2011