This document provides details on analyzing the critical features of a soccer pass kick using video analysis software. It describes the equipment and setup used, including attaching reflective markers and using a high-speed camera. The analysis focused on angular displacement, velocity and linear velocity of the hip, knee and ankle. Results found the kick was performed well with minor variations from research, especially in hip angular velocity and ankle flexion. Suggestions are made to improve the performer's hip movement and reduce ankle flexion through targeted training.

1. MAP Manual
Soccer pass kick video analysis
SPSC 1151 - 002
 Simrin Hundal
 Andrew De Los Reyes
 Robert Calder
 Nicolai Hartmann

2. Table of Contents
 1) Introduction
 2) Equipment and set up
 3) Sequence of a pass kick movement
 4) Dartfish Video Analysis
 5) Data analysis value table
 6) Analysis of Critical features of a soccer kick
 7) Analysis comparison to research
 8) implications and training suggestion
 9) Limitations
 10) References

3. Introduction
Goal of this video analysis:
 Analysis of a soccer pass kick in a right footed kicker
 identify, analyze and compare 3 critical features of a pass kick to research
findings
 critical features of hip, knee and ankle that are the focus of this analysis:
 Angular displacement
 Angular velocity
 Linear velocity
 Speed of foot at impact and ball velocity
 Provide coaching suggestions to improve pass kick performance

4. Equipment Required
 motion tracking Camera :60Hz
 Reflector Markers
 Tape measure: 30 feet in length
 Tripod
 Black backdrop
 Lights
 Masking tape
 Metre stick
 Soccer ball

5. Performer Details
 A performer who is familiar with a soccer kick and proper techniques
required for that kick
 Must wear tight black clothing and black shoes. Black long sleeve shirt is
preferred as it allows the reflectors to be seen better. This attire allows for
movement to be seen more clearly.

6. Equipment Setup
 1) Use the black mats on the gym wall as the back drop.
If none are available tape a black sheet on the wall.
 2) Place 9 markers placed 1 metre apart vertically and
horizontally from each other to use as reference points.
 3) Attach reflectors on the side of the participant’s
respective joints in the sagittal view in the direction of
the camera. (shoulder, elbow, wrist, hip, knee, ankle
and foot)

7. Equipment Setup continued
4) Set up the camera and tripod 10 meters away
from wall. Make sure it is as far away as possible
while being in focus to ensure the best field of view.
Level the tripod by adjusting legs
5) Make sure the camera is perpendicular (90
degrees) to the kick, to get an acurate view of all
angles and measurements in the sagittal plane.
6) Setup the camera by selecting the frame rate to
be 400 fps.

8. Equipment Setup continued
 7) Place additional lights behind the camera to better illuminate the
area that is being filmed. If the cord cannot reach behind the
camera and an extension cord is not available, place the lights to
the side opposite of where the ball will be kicked to.
 8) place the ball 1 metre away from the wall perpendicular to the
spot of the third marker (center of wall markings)

9. Equipment Setup continued
 9) allow the performer to practice the kick at least three times to ensure
they feel comfortable and warmed up.
 10) Have performer kick while recording on camera. Ensure the kicker does
not go out of the camera’s view.
 11) record at least 3 kicks which will give you the option to chose the best
kick to analyze.

10. Sequence of a right legged pass kick
movement
 For video analysis it is important to understand the movement of a soccer
Kick
 A soccer pass kick can be separated into 4 Phases:
 Airborne Phase
 Includes approach run that starts when thrusting off ground with right foot
 Approach run ends when left heel touches down
 Ground support phase can be split into two phases
 Heel support phase
 Lasts from landing of the heel until landing of the toe
 Full support phase
 Lasts from complete landing of the toe until impact with the ball

11. Airborne Phase
Approach run start / approach run end
Heel support phase
(landing of heel – landing of toe)
Full support phase
(landing of toe – impact w/ ball)
Ground support phase
(Landing of left foot – impact w/ ball)
Sequence of a
right legged
pass kick
movement

12. Using Dartfish to analyze a pass kick
 Analyzing a video of a performance using Dartfish:
 Choose video to analyze
 Insert video into dartfish bar
 Measure angular displacement:
 Use menu bar on the right
 Scroll over the angle sign and left click on it
 Attach points of the angle on points of the joints
that should be evaluated
 Right click on the angle lines that appear and choose
slow tracking under the tracking menu
 The lines will track the angle of the chosen joint throughout video
 Manually adjust tracking of angles frame to frame if necessary.
 For precise value calculation it is necessary to create
a distance line.
 right click on angles symbol and left click on distance
 Drag distance line between markers in the video to define distances

13. Using Dartfish to analyze a pass kick
 Analyzing a video using Dartfish cont. :
 To track angles it is necessary to first create a data table
 Right Click on the table symbol in the menu
 Choose data table and drag table into the screen at preferred size
 Left click on the angle lines on the joint, then right click into the bottom
Field of the data table and choose “Display angle in this
Column” > angles will be tracked
 Run the video again to track angles and record values in the table.
 To track linear velocities do the same but choose
“Display x-coordinate of 2nd Drawing in this column” instead
 Add a column for interval or average speed to display linear
Velocity by right clicking on data table and choose “insert
Interval column”

14. Using Dartfish to analyze a pass kick
 To track linear velocity of the ball first a marker must
be placed on the ball.
 Choose the plus symbol/marker symbol in the
left-hand menu by right clicking on it and left click on
marker.
 Place marker directly on ball. Right click and
choose “slow tracking”. Manually adjust positioning
of the marker onto the ball if necessary throughout
the video.
 create a data table and choose a column
displaying “average speed” to display linear velocity values.
 To export data into an excel table right click on data table and choose export table, which
Opens a window to save an excel spreadsheet of the tracked data.
 angular velocity can then be calculated using the data in the excel spreadsheet and applying the formula for angular
velocity

15. Overview of Data Analysis values

16. Analysis of critical features in pass kick
including research findings
 For the purposes of this analysis it is important to note that angles in the research findings
were measured as Cardan angles (zero anatomical position as reference point) (Levanon &
Dapena (1998)).
 Relative angles seen in the previous value table for this comparison were converted into
Cardan angles using the zero anatomical position.
Angular displacement
 The hip angles in the performance varied from – 18.8 degrees at point of landing of the heel
to -4.9 degrees at point of landing of the toe which varies by 2% from the angles of -5
degress to – 19 degree that Levanon & Dapena found (1998).
 The knee angles were measured at -27.1 degrees at take-off and – 105.5 at max knee
flexion, which varied by 25% at take-off and was nearly identical at max flexion of the knee
compared to the -36 degrees at take off and – 105 degrees that Levanon and Dapena
(1998) found.
 The ankle was measured at 78.6 deg in dorsiflexion at impact which varied by 12.4 degrees
or 14% from the research findings of Levanon and Dapena (1998)
Angular Velocity
 Hip max. angular velocity was measured at 600 deg/s which varied roughly 25% from the
research findings and angular velocity at impact changed to 136 deg/s, which was 41% less
than in the research of Levanon & Dapena (1998).
 Max angular velocity of the knee was measured at 1075 deg/s at point of impact with the
ball and differed by a mere 9% from research findings which was found at 1180 deg/s
(Levanon & Dapena (1998)).

17. Analysis of critical features in pass kick
including research findings cont.
Linear Velocity
 Max. Ball velocity was measured at 21.2 m/s compared to 22.5 m/s in the
research.
 Speed of the foot was measured at 17.26 m/s at impact compared to 18.3
m/s in the research findings, which is 1.04 m/s slower (6%slower).
 Ratio of speed of ball to speed of foot was measured at 1.25:1 , which
varies from the research findings by 0.02 (1.23:1) or 1.6%.

18. Results of analysis comparison
 Performance of the pass kick resulted in very similar measurements to the
measurements in the research findings. Therefore performance of the pass kick
was good and only a few adjustments and training suggestions have to be
made.
 The angles of the knee and hip displayed the highest similarity to the research
findings with near identical measurements. Therefore movement of the hip and
knee was done well in the performance.
 The ankle displayed most variation by showing 14% less dorsiflexion compared
to the research. This means that there was more movement in the ankle
compared to the research.
 Angular velocity of the knee shows most similarity to the research findings and
only varied by 9%. Therefore Knee movement was performed accurately to
produce the wanted angular velocity to perform a skillful pass kick.
 The hip showed some variation and was measured with a variation of 25% less
max. angular velocity and 41% less angular velocity at impact with the ball. This
means that the hip movement was significantly slower at impact than the
research findings suggested.
 The Velocity of the ball was nearly identical to the research and speed of the
foot nearly identical in the performance to the research findings and only
differed by 1.6% or 1.04 m/s
 Therefore speed of the foot slowed down in the pass kick just as it did in the
research just before impact to produce ball velocity, but keep accuracy high.

19. Results of analysis comparison cont.
 Movement of the pass kick was for the majority of the kick done
well with minor variations from what research suggests.
 The major differences between the pass kick performance and
research findings were :
 hip angular velocity at impact with the ball was significantly (41%)
slower than in research ( Levanon & Dapena (1998)).
 ankle dorsiflexion was 14 % more flexed in the performance compared
to the findings of Levanon & Dapena (1998).

20. Implications and future suggestions for
performer
 The slower hip angular velocity into extension suggests that the hip was
extended slower in the performance compared to the research to get into
a position to accurately perform a pass kick.
 Nonetheless the final angles did not differ significantly.
 This could suggest that the performer took longer to adjust and may need to work on
perfecting the skill to adjust the hip faster and get into a stable position.
 Faster adjustments could be beneficial in competitive settings, in which an individual has to
adjust quickly to game situations.
 Core strength training and functional training that include stability could improve
balance and hip movement.

21. Implications and future suggestions for
performer
 The ankle of the kicking foot was more flexed than what research suggests
it should be for a skillful pass kick performance.
 Specific training focusing on reducing ankle dorsiflexion during the pass kick
could help in improving pass kick performance and accuracy

22. Limitations
 Movement of the ankle was difficult to measure precisely using Dartfish due
to the lower Hz camera used. The lower Hz use blurred the picture in very
quick movements even when moving frame to frame.
 Therefore tracking angles was not 100% precise.
 A higher Hz camera might result in more precise measurements of the ankle
and might result in different final measurements of the angles of the ankle
due to more frames being available.

23. References
 Levanon, J., & Dapena, J. (1998). Comparison of the kinematics of the full-
instep and pass kicks in soccer. Medicine & Science in Sports &
Exercise, 30(6), 917-927.