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FILM MUSIC STUDIES
Codes and Structures
THE THREE CODES
• Visual
• Dialogic
• Musical
BOURNE ULTIMATUM – STATION CUE
TWIN PEAKS
ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 1
The censorship of taboo subjects like
necrophilia, homosexuality or incest, has been
loosened since the advent of
psychoanalysis……What do we make of the
fact that in Twin Peaks the fantastic…emerges
with full force?
Diane Stevenson
TWIN PEAKS
ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 2
‘In the empty, post-midnight darkness at the
edge of town, a red traffic light blinks for no
one. Its glowing red light…seems eerie but
almost pointless in this empty setting. That
image comes from the telemovie that
introduced this disturbing, yet haunting,
series…’
J.P. Telotte
TWIN PEAKS
ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 3
‘The strange case of the killing of Laura Palmer
can be accounted for either by paternal
psychopathology or by demonic possession.
The universe of Twin Peaks alternates between
the psychological and the phantasmal…’
Diane Stevenson
TWIN PEAKS
ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 4
‘The question of child abuse can be
considered on two levels……
Family violence, the secret violence of
American life, has, from the beginning of
Lynch’s career, been a key ingredient of his
work.’
Diane Stevenson
TWIN PEAKS
EXTRACTS FROM END OF THE DIRECTOR’S
STORYBOARD
30.12…stabs him in the stomach, followed by a
shot of blazing fire…‘You go. He can’t ask for your
soul. I will take his’. A burst of fire comes out of
WE’s head…’
30.14 ‘Alone in the bathroom [DC] squeezes out
the toothpaste tube into sink, looks into the mirror.
The reflection is B’s not DC’s. In a half-turn to the
camera, his face covered in blood, DC sneers
‘How’s Annie, how’s Annie?’ as the show, the
season, the series, all come to an end.
INTERVIEW WITH ANGELO BADALAMENTI
(COMPOSER FOR TWIN PEAKS)
DIFFERENT AGENDAS: DAVID LYNCH TWIN PEAKS
EPISODE 4: MAIN TITLES
BRITTEN: BILLY BUDD
OPPOSITION: TARANTINO: RESERVOIR
DOGS (MUSIC: STEELER’S WHEEL)
TWO AGENDAS: TWIN TOWN
THE GODFATHER
• Strand 1: church baptism
• Strand 2: massacre
• Soundtrack: organ music
• Diegetic in church but underscore for gangster massacre
Baptism A. 19th century organ improvisation…
…consonant, brighter, higher in pitch
1st gun shown B. darker, lower, more dissonant
Baptism return to A.
Gangster B. reed stop used on organ
Pistol shown Bach Passacaglia in C minor; use of bass
pedals
……this is the structural downbeat
Tension builds dissonance increases
Climax faster editing/changes; use of silences in
music
DOWNFALL
(HIRSCHBIEGEL…2004)
Alternation of…
• Strand 1: Eva Braun’s letter …intimate, sometimes trivial
• Strand 2: Magda Goebbels’ letter …cold, fanatical,
…a loyal Nazi to the end
• Strand 3: …the destruction of Berlin
…doctors and wounded
…Nazi teenagers’ suicide pact
• Music: Purcell Dido and Aeneas
……NB music does not change
STRUCTURING...
• Micro-structure cues and scenes
• Macro-structure the complete film:
spotting
theme, development,
variation
leitmotif,
tension-structure
MICROSTRUCTURE
THE BOURNE SUPREMACY: CHASE
SEQUENCE
• Initially …bass riff
• On station …more intermittent; less riff
…builds up
• Jumps onto the boat …change of key; bass riff returns
…builds up with upward ‘stretching’ phrase
• Hooks onto the bridge …bass cuts out as feet leave the boat
• Feet on bridge floor …bass reappears
• Back on the train …music slows and calms
Pages from a
Click Book
Click book:
120 bpm
CLICK BOOK: 120 BPM ZOOM
CLICK BOOK: 110.77 BPM ZOOM
CLICKS TO MM TABLE
BOURNE: MAIN THEME
THEME IS SLOWER:
ANTICIPATION/WAITING
THEME IS SLOWER STILL, SAD, AND
INTERMITTENT
oris shortened to:
is compressed:
Is paralysed to become
TARANTINO: RESERVOIR DOGS - MAIN TITLES
(MUSIC: GEORGE BAKER LITTLE GREEN BAG)
FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC
• Creates tension
• Expedites action
• Underscores dialogue
• Expresses human feelings
• Creates atmosphere
• Conveys breadth of landscape
• Accompanies titles

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Film music 1 codes

  • 1. FILM MUSIC STUDIES Codes and Structures
  • 2. THE THREE CODES • Visual • Dialogic • Musical
  • 3. BOURNE ULTIMATUM – STATION CUE
  • 4.
  • 5. TWIN PEAKS ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 1 The censorship of taboo subjects like necrophilia, homosexuality or incest, has been loosened since the advent of psychoanalysis……What do we make of the fact that in Twin Peaks the fantastic…emerges with full force? Diane Stevenson
  • 6. TWIN PEAKS ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 2 ‘In the empty, post-midnight darkness at the edge of town, a red traffic light blinks for no one. Its glowing red light…seems eerie but almost pointless in this empty setting. That image comes from the telemovie that introduced this disturbing, yet haunting, series…’ J.P. Telotte
  • 7. TWIN PEAKS ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 3 ‘The strange case of the killing of Laura Palmer can be accounted for either by paternal psychopathology or by demonic possession. The universe of Twin Peaks alternates between the psychological and the phantasmal…’ Diane Stevenson
  • 8. TWIN PEAKS ANALYTICAL EXTRACT 4 ‘The question of child abuse can be considered on two levels…… Family violence, the secret violence of American life, has, from the beginning of Lynch’s career, been a key ingredient of his work.’ Diane Stevenson
  • 9. TWIN PEAKS EXTRACTS FROM END OF THE DIRECTOR’S STORYBOARD 30.12…stabs him in the stomach, followed by a shot of blazing fire…‘You go. He can’t ask for your soul. I will take his’. A burst of fire comes out of WE’s head…’ 30.14 ‘Alone in the bathroom [DC] squeezes out the toothpaste tube into sink, looks into the mirror. The reflection is B’s not DC’s. In a half-turn to the camera, his face covered in blood, DC sneers ‘How’s Annie, how’s Annie?’ as the show, the season, the series, all come to an end.
  • 10. INTERVIEW WITH ANGELO BADALAMENTI (COMPOSER FOR TWIN PEAKS)
  • 11. DIFFERENT AGENDAS: DAVID LYNCH TWIN PEAKS EPISODE 4: MAIN TITLES
  • 13. OPPOSITION: TARANTINO: RESERVOIR DOGS (MUSIC: STEELER’S WHEEL)
  • 15. THE GODFATHER • Strand 1: church baptism • Strand 2: massacre • Soundtrack: organ music • Diegetic in church but underscore for gangster massacre Baptism A. 19th century organ improvisation… …consonant, brighter, higher in pitch 1st gun shown B. darker, lower, more dissonant Baptism return to A. Gangster B. reed stop used on organ Pistol shown Bach Passacaglia in C minor; use of bass pedals ……this is the structural downbeat Tension builds dissonance increases Climax faster editing/changes; use of silences in music
  • 16. DOWNFALL (HIRSCHBIEGEL…2004) Alternation of… • Strand 1: Eva Braun’s letter …intimate, sometimes trivial • Strand 2: Magda Goebbels’ letter …cold, fanatical, …a loyal Nazi to the end • Strand 3: …the destruction of Berlin …doctors and wounded …Nazi teenagers’ suicide pact • Music: Purcell Dido and Aeneas ……NB music does not change
  • 17. STRUCTURING... • Micro-structure cues and scenes • Macro-structure the complete film: spotting theme, development, variation leitmotif, tension-structure
  • 18. MICROSTRUCTURE THE BOURNE SUPREMACY: CHASE SEQUENCE • Initially …bass riff • On station …more intermittent; less riff …builds up • Jumps onto the boat …change of key; bass riff returns …builds up with upward ‘stretching’ phrase • Hooks onto the bridge …bass cuts out as feet leave the boat • Feet on bridge floor …bass reappears • Back on the train …music slows and calms
  • 19. Pages from a Click Book Click book: 120 bpm
  • 20. CLICK BOOK: 120 BPM ZOOM
  • 21. CLICK BOOK: 110.77 BPM ZOOM
  • 22. CLICKS TO MM TABLE
  • 24.
  • 26. THEME IS SLOWER STILL, SAD, AND INTERMITTENT
  • 29. Is paralysed to become
  • 30. TARANTINO: RESERVOIR DOGS - MAIN TITLES (MUSIC: GEORGE BAKER LITTLE GREEN BAG)
  • 31. FUNCTIONS OF MUSIC • Creates tension • Expedites action • Underscores dialogue • Expresses human feelings • Creates atmosphere • Conveys breadth of landscape • Accompanies titles