This document provides instruction on English grammar structures, including: 1. Echo questions which are used to show interest and surprise by repeating the subject and auxiliary verb of a statement as a question. 2. Agreeing and disagreeing with statements using phrases like "So do I" and "Neither do I". 3. Using the passive voice where the subject receives the action rather than performs it, formed with "be" + past participle. 4. Different uses of "will" including offers, promises, predictions and unplanned decisions. 5. Using "must" and "mustn't" to express strong obligation or advice.

1. Grammar file 8 English File 2
1 Echo questions I’ve worked here for twenty-five years and
Hana smokes. Does she? I’ve never been ill in my life.
I didn’t enjoy it. Didn’t you?
I’ll help you. Will you? No, he hasn’t. And neither have I.
Haven’t you?
✦ Make echo questions with the auxiliary verb + the subject pronoun.
✦ Use echo questions to show interest and surprise.
2 So / Neither do I., I do / don’t., etc. 4 The passive
Agree Disagree ( ' /
I love football. So do I. I don’t. Present Rice is grown It isn’t grown Is it grown
I played yesterday. So did I. I didn’t. in China. in Germany. in France?
I don’t like tennis. Neither do I. I do. Cars are made They aren’t Are they made
I’m not a good player. Neither am I. I am. in Brazil. made in Monaco. in Korea?
✦ To agree: Past Paper was It wasn’t When was it
Use So + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agree with a invented by the invented by the invented?
+ sentence. Chinese. Greeks.
Use Neither + auxiliary + subject pronoun to agree
with a * sentence. The pyramids They weren’t Were they
were built by built by the built by the
✦ To disagree: the Egyptians. English. Pharaohs?
Use subject + * auxiliary to disagree with a +
sentence. ✦ Make the present passive with am / is / are + past
Use subject + + auxiliary to disagree with a * participle.
sentence.
✦ Make the past passive with was / were + past
participle.
3 Uses of will
✦ Use the preposition by to say who did the action.
1 Offers of help Shall I carry your bags?
✦ Use the passive when we aren’t interested in who does
I’ll open the door for you.
the action.
2 Promises We won’t be late. ✦ The passive is quite formal. We use it more in writing
I’ll always love you. than speaking.
3 Unplanned decisions I’ll have the steak, please.
I’ll do it now.
5 must / mustn’t + infinitive
4 Predictions I think Liverpool will win.
I don’t think I’ll enjoy it. ( You must go to bed.
✦ Remember the four uses of will / won’t + infinitive. ' She mustn’t go to work.
✦ Use Shall I / we …? for offers.
/ How many tablets must I take?
Shall I open the window? not Will I … ✦ must / mustn’t + infinitive is the same for all persons.
✦ Remember: ✦ Use must / mustn’t for strong advice and obligation.
can ➝ will / won’t be able not I will can
there is / are ➝ there will be (there’ll be)
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2. Grammar check 8 English File 2
1 Echo questions Write echo questions. 4 Uses of will
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 My brother’s a pilot. Is he? A
2 They’ve got a lot of money.
3 I don’t like horror films.
4 He lives with his parents.
5 I can’t use a computer.
6 I wouldn’t like to be famous.
7 They got married last week.
8 I’ll help you. B C
2 So / Neither (do) I., I do / don’t.
Complete B’s sentences.
1  I like coffee.
 So do I, especially cappuccino.
2  I went out last night.
 I didn’t. I stayed at home.
D E
3  I haven’t got a car.
 have I. We’ll have to walk.
4  I’d like a drink.
 So I. I’m very thirsty.
5  I can’t ski.
 I . I’m quite good.
6  I don’t like Sally.
a Match the sentences 1 to 5 and pictures A to E.
 I. I think 1 I’ll get you an aspirin. E
she’s awful.
2 I think Newcastle’ll win today.
7  I’m tired.
3 They’re perfect. I’ll take them.
 I. Really tired.
4 I won’t forget you. I’ll write!
8  I like Indian food.
5 Shall I turn the music down?
 I . I think it’s too hot.
b Match sentences 1 to 5 to their use.
3 The passive Write the verbs in the passive
(present or past). a promise an offer of help 1 and
1 The Coliseum was built by the Romans. an unplanned decision a prediction
(build)
2 English is spoken all over the world. (speak) 5 must / mustn’t + infinitive Complete.
3 Cocoa to make 1 You must see the film. It’s wonderful!
chocolate. (use)
2 You drink and drive.
4 When computers ?
(invent) 3 You tell anybody. It’s a secret.
5 Datsun cars in Japan. 4 You be here at 6.00. It’s very
(make) important.
6 I to their party last 5 You hitchhike alone. It’s very
week. (not invite) dangerous.
6 You come and visit me soon.
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