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The document discusses the behaviors of ants, including foraging, caring for young, and colony defense. It describes how ants forage by using pheromones and visual cues to locate food sources and transport food back to the colony. Larvae are fed by worker ants and spin cocoons during metamorphosis before emerging as adults to perform colony tasks. Ants defend their colony by swarming and biting or stinging perceived threats while some ant species spray formic acid. The colony has a social structure with queens that lay eggs, workers that perform tasks, and males.
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Social behaviour in insects jai narain v
Sociobiology is the systematic study of the evolutionary basis of social behavior in organisms. Eusociality is a complex form of social organization found in some insect species like ants, bees, and wasps. Key aspects of eusociality include a caste system, cooperative care of offspring, overlapping generations, and division of labor. Social insects like ants exhibit behaviors like polymorphism, trophallaxis, swarming, cooperation in foraging, nest maintenance, defense, and brood care that involve cooperation within the colony.
Chapter 12-Intro to animals
- Animals are multi-cellular organisms that have specialized structures like nuclei and organelles. They are consumers that rely on their environment for food.
- Over time, animals have adapted to eating different types of food available in their environment through adaptations like camouflage, armor, and venom. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat other animals, and omnivores eat both.
- When classifying animals, characteristics like having a backbone (vertebrates vs invertebrates), symmetry, and protective structures are considered. Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species.
Fungus
Fungus is a eukaryotic organism classified in the fungi kingdom. It has cell walls composed of chitin, lacks chlorophyll, and stores energy as glycogen. Fungi obtain nutrients through absorption as heterotrophs. They can be unicellular, multicellular, or filamentous and are divided into sac fungi, club fungi, and thread-like fungi. Fungi reproduce through spores and have complex structures like mushrooms' caps, gills, stems, and mycelium. They can be saprophytes, parasites, symbionts, or predacious and play both useful and harmful roles.
Tropism in insects & insect communication
This document discusses insect communication and interactions with plants. It covers how insects communicate through semiochemicals like pheromones, light production, sound production, and body language. Specific examples are provided, such as fig wasps and fig trees having a mutualistic relationship where the wasp pollinates the fig in exchange for food. Different types of pheromones are classified, including sex, aggregation, spacing, trail-marking, and alarm pheromones. The roles of light production and sound production in courtship and prey finding are also briefly explained.
Termites colony and society
Termites live in highly organized colonies with different castes. Workers forage for food and feed other members. Soldiers defend the nest. Reproductives are winged or wingless. Colonies communicate chemically through pheromones to coordinate tasks and defense. When mature, winged reproductives swarm and shed wings to start new colonies.
Social behavior in termites does not include the reproductive isolat.pdf
Social behavior in termites does not include the reproductive isolation of a worker caste as this
caste can mature to winged reproductives. List 4 reasons why termites still considerd \"social\".
(Notes: these traits would Not be found in solitary insects).
Solution
Insects can be either solitary or social. Among the solitary insects are the housefly, which lives
and hunts by itself. It has no social structure, except for breeding. Social insects live within an
very organized structure, and works and lives in constant co-operation with other insects. Social
insects are best exemplified by all termites (Isoptera) and ants (Formicidae) and by various bees
and wasps (Hymenoptera).
Species of insect qualifying as truly social, or eusocial, exhibit three traits. The first, and most
important, is a reproductive division of labor. Some individuals (the queens and kings) are fertile
and reproduce, whereas others (workers, or neuters) are sterile or semisterile. The workers either
do not reproduce, or reproduce to a far lesser extent. The second trait is that the workers perform
tasks of benefit to the colony, and in particular, cooperativelyrear the young. The third trait is
that the society has some permanence and, specifically, that more than one adult generation
coexists in the colony.
Social insects show reproductive isolation. They usually live in colonies.
They are usually differentiated in structure, function, and behaviour into castes, the major ones
being the reproductives (e.g., the queen) and the steriles (workers and soldiers). Besides carrying
out the basic function of reproduction, the members of the reproductive caste generally select the
site for a new colony. The workers care for the eggs and larvae, collect food for other members
of the colony, and construct and repair the nest, while the soldiers defend the colony against
predators.
The typical social insect colony is a family. In ants, bees, and wasps, the workers are all females.
Males die after mating with queens and so take no part in social life. The colony therefore
consists of a queen, her adult worker daughters, and the brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae)
produced by the queen. The job of the workers is to rear the brood to produce new workers, new
queens, and males. The new queens and males are collectively referred to as reproductives, or
sexuals. The workers carry out their job by foraging for food, building or defending a nest, and
feeding and tending the brood. Termite colonies have the same basic structure, except that
workers are of both sexes and the queen is accompanied by a reproductive male, a king.. So,
termites are called social insects..
Chapters 28 30
The document provides an overview of taxonomic classification and the diversity of life. It discusses the major domains, kingdoms, and taxa within the tree of life including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Key details are provided on viruses, prokaryotes, taxonomic hierarchy, fungi characteristics, plant types, invertebrate and vertebrate phyla, and defining features of major groups.
Roles of 'Praying Mantis' in agriculture.
Farmers are always faced with continuous problems about pests and insects destroying their crops. This is really a big problem if it is not controlled since their crops are their main source of livelihood and income. Most farmers would use insecticides but the government is controlling the use of pesticides due to the possible effects of these chemicals to the crops. For this reason, it will be very useful if farmers are taught about praying mantis facts.
Praying mantises are actually widely used in certain parts of the world as pest control insects. They may be insects themselves but they never eat crops, leaves, or plants. This information should be shared to farmers because using praying mantises for their pest control procedures will be beneficial for them in terms of getting rid of insects that eat their crops and in helping the environment as well.
For farmers, it must be taught that praying mantises are highly predatory and they can consume numerous types of insects in their farms without posing any type of threat to their crops and plants. But praying mantises do not choose their prey too. So if they eat insects that harm your plants, they may also eat insects that actually help your crops.
sourcesby:prayingmantisfacts.net
Recommended
Social behaviour in insects jai narain v
Sociobiology is the systematic study of the evolutionary basis of social behavior in organisms. Eusociality is a complex form of social organization found in some insect species like ants, bees, and wasps. Key aspects of eusociality include a caste system, cooperative care of offspring, overlapping generations, and division of labor. Social insects like ants exhibit behaviors like polymorphism, trophallaxis, swarming, cooperation in foraging, nest maintenance, defense, and brood care that involve cooperation within the colony.
Chapter 12-Intro to animals
- Animals are multi-cellular organisms that have specialized structures like nuclei and organelles. They are consumers that rely on their environment for food.
- Over time, animals have adapted to eating different types of food available in their environment through adaptations like camouflage, armor, and venom. Herbivores eat plants, carnivores eat other animals, and omnivores eat both.
- When classifying animals, characteristics like having a backbone (vertebrates vs invertebrates), symmetry, and protective structures are considered. Invertebrates make up 97% of all animal species.
Fungus
Fungus is a eukaryotic organism classified in the fungi kingdom. It has cell walls composed of chitin, lacks chlorophyll, and stores energy as glycogen. Fungi obtain nutrients through absorption as heterotrophs. They can be unicellular, multicellular, or filamentous and are divided into sac fungi, club fungi, and thread-like fungi. Fungi reproduce through spores and have complex structures like mushrooms' caps, gills, stems, and mycelium. They can be saprophytes, parasites, symbionts, or predacious and play both useful and harmful roles.
Tropism in insects & insect communication
This document discusses insect communication and interactions with plants. It covers how insects communicate through semiochemicals like pheromones, light production, sound production, and body language. Specific examples are provided, such as fig wasps and fig trees having a mutualistic relationship where the wasp pollinates the fig in exchange for food. Different types of pheromones are classified, including sex, aggregation, spacing, trail-marking, and alarm pheromones. The roles of light production and sound production in courtship and prey finding are also briefly explained.
Termites colony and society
Termites live in highly organized colonies with different castes. Workers forage for food and feed other members. Soldiers defend the nest. Reproductives are winged or wingless. Colonies communicate chemically through pheromones to coordinate tasks and defense. When mature, winged reproductives swarm and shed wings to start new colonies.
Social behavior in termites does not include the reproductive isolat.pdf
Social behavior in termites does not include the reproductive isolation of a worker caste as this
caste can mature to winged reproductives. List 4 reasons why termites still considerd \"social\".
(Notes: these traits would Not be found in solitary insects).
Solution
Insects can be either solitary or social. Among the solitary insects are the housefly, which lives
and hunts by itself. It has no social structure, except for breeding. Social insects live within an
very organized structure, and works and lives in constant co-operation with other insects. Social
insects are best exemplified by all termites (Isoptera) and ants (Formicidae) and by various bees
and wasps (Hymenoptera).
Species of insect qualifying as truly social, or eusocial, exhibit three traits. The first, and most
important, is a reproductive division of labor. Some individuals (the queens and kings) are fertile
and reproduce, whereas others (workers, or neuters) are sterile or semisterile. The workers either
do not reproduce, or reproduce to a far lesser extent. The second trait is that the workers perform
tasks of benefit to the colony, and in particular, cooperativelyrear the young. The third trait is
that the society has some permanence and, specifically, that more than one adult generation
coexists in the colony.
Social insects show reproductive isolation. They usually live in colonies.
They are usually differentiated in structure, function, and behaviour into castes, the major ones
being the reproductives (e.g., the queen) and the steriles (workers and soldiers). Besides carrying
out the basic function of reproduction, the members of the reproductive caste generally select the
site for a new colony. The workers care for the eggs and larvae, collect food for other members
of the colony, and construct and repair the nest, while the soldiers defend the colony against
predators.
The typical social insect colony is a family. In ants, bees, and wasps, the workers are all females.
Males die after mating with queens and so take no part in social life. The colony therefore
consists of a queen, her adult worker daughters, and the brood (eggs, larvae, and pupae)
produced by the queen. The job of the workers is to rear the brood to produce new workers, new
queens, and males. The new queens and males are collectively referred to as reproductives, or
sexuals. The workers carry out their job by foraging for food, building or defending a nest, and
feeding and tending the brood. Termite colonies have the same basic structure, except that
workers are of both sexes and the queen is accompanied by a reproductive male, a king.. So,
termites are called social insects..
Chapters 28 30
The document provides an overview of taxonomic classification and the diversity of life. It discusses the major domains, kingdoms, and taxa within the tree of life including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and animals. Key details are provided on viruses, prokaryotes, taxonomic hierarchy, fungi characteristics, plant types, invertebrate and vertebrate phyla, and defining features of major groups.
Roles of 'Praying Mantis' in agriculture.
Farmers are always faced with continuous problems about pests and insects destroying their crops. This is really a big problem if it is not controlled since their crops are their main source of livelihood and income. Most farmers would use insecticides but the government is controlling the use of pesticides due to the possible effects of these chemicals to the crops. For this reason, it will be very useful if farmers are taught about praying mantis facts.
Praying mantises are actually widely used in certain parts of the world as pest control insects. They may be insects themselves but they never eat crops, leaves, or plants. This information should be shared to farmers because using praying mantises for their pest control procedures will be beneficial for them in terms of getting rid of insects that eat their crops and in helping the environment as well.
For farmers, it must be taught that praying mantises are highly predatory and they can consume numerous types of insects in their farms without posing any type of threat to their crops and plants. But praying mantises do not choose their prey too. So if they eat insects that harm your plants, they may also eat insects that actually help your crops.
sourcesby:prayingmantisfacts.net
L 2.pptx
Insects are the most dominant species on Earth due to various structural, developmental, and protective adaptations. Their exoskeleton provides strength and protection while allowing flexibility. Their small size allows exploitation of diverse habitats. High fecundity and short lifecycles enable rapid population growth. Protective adaptations include warning coloration, production of unpleasant odors, and behavioral tactics like feigning death. Combined, these factors allow insects to thrive in nearly all environments.
Insect order Collembola | Springtails
The document provides information on the insect order Collembola (springtails). It discusses their key physical features, including their furcula (springtail organ), collophore, and 6 abdominal segments. Springtails have a global distribution, live in moist environments like soil and leaf litter, and are important decomposers. A few species can be considered agricultural pests by damaging seedlings or crops.
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This English project document discusses ants. It contains facts about ants such as their evolution from wasp-like ancestors over 100 million years ago. Ants form colonies that range in size from dozens to millions of individuals. Colonies consist of sterile female workers, soldiers, drones, and one or more queens. The document lists many interesting facts about ants, such as their life expectancy, use of antennae and jaws, compound eyes, two stomachs, exoskeleton, growth stages, and roles of queens and workers. It describes behaviors like laying scent trails, nomadic army ants that carry larvae and eggs, and leaf cutter ants that farm fungus.
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Course INSECTS and their Relatives.pptx
This document provides information about common household pests, including cockroaches. It describes the key characteristics of cockroaches, such as their segmented bodies, molting lifecycles, and nocturnal habits. Two common household cockroach species are discussed in detail: the German cockroach and the brown-banded cockroach. The German cockroach carries its egg case until hatching and prefers warm, moist areas near food. The brown-banded cockroach glues its egg case to surfaces and is the smallest common household cockroach.
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Protozoa are microscopic, eukaryotic, unicellular organisms that are classified into four subphyla based on their structures and methods of locomotion and nutrition. They exhibit a variety of reproductive strategies including asexual reproduction through binary fission or multiple fission and sexual reproduction through conjugation or syngamy. Many protozoa alternate between parasitic and free-living stages in their life cycles or can live as commensals with other organisms. Common protozoan diseases affecting humans include malaria, amoebiasis, African sleeping sickness, and giardiasis.
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The document describes the five kingdoms of life: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera are single-celled organisms without nuclei membranes that can cause disease or be helpful. Protista are mostly single-celled with nuclei membranes that eat other organisms or absorb nutrients from water. Fungi are multicellular, cannot move, absorb nutrients from other organisms, and reproduce via spores. Plantae are multicellular with nuclei membranes containing chlorophyll, produce their own food via photosynthesis, and reproduce from seeds. Animalia are multicellular, can move, get energy by consuming other organisms, and reproduce via eggs developing inside or outside the mother's
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS -2 (CLASS-VII) NCERT
YOUTUBE VIDEO:
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GOOGLE FORM WORKSHEET:
https://forms.gle/CqxrYZr1ukewvLhN8
Nutrition is the process of taking food and using it for obtaining energy, growth and repair of the body. Animals depend on other organisms for getting their food. They cannot make their own food, so they are heterotrophs.
A for ant
Ants are social insects that live in colonies and have evolved over 100 million years. There are over 12,000 known ant species worldwide. Ant colonies consist of a queen, workers, sometimes soldiers, and males. The queen lays eggs while workers feed and care for larvae. Ants go through life stages of egg, larva, pupa, and adult. They have an exoskeleton, antennae, and jaws. Leafcutter ants cultivate fungus by cutting leaves and growing fungus gardens underground.
Insect feeding mechanism
The ppt covers Introduction
Feeding habits in –, Phytophagous insects, Mycetophagous insects, Predaceous insects, Parasitic mode of nutrition ,Sensory organs associated with feeding, Sensilla on the mouthparts, Food selection by phytophagous insects, Prey specificity and selection by predators
Host- finding by blood- sucking and parasitic insects
Significance of food preferences
Ingestion by phytophagous, blood-sucking, predaceous and, venomous insects, Regulation of feeding, timing associated and food- storage in insects.
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2) Producers such as plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy from the sun, while some use chemosynthesis, and consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
3) Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, and an organism's niche describes how it finds resources and avoids threats in its environment.
economic importance of insects
This document discusses beneficial and injurious insects. It begins by describing several commercially beneficial insects that produce honey, wax, lac, dyes and silk. It then discusses different categories of beneficial insects including those used for pollination, as predators of other insects, as parasites of harmful insects, and as decomposers. The document also notes several crops that depend on insect pollination. It concludes by describing several categories of injurious insects including disease transmitters, household pests, and those that damage domestic animals and crops.
Reproductive system
1. The document discusses the reproductive systems and types of reproduction in insects. It describes the female and male reproductive systems, including oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
2. There are different types of reproduction discussed, including oviparity, viviparity, and parthenogenesis. Viviparity includes ovoviviparity, pseudoplacental viviparity, haemocoelous viviparity, and adenotrophic viviparity.
3. Additional types discussed include polyembryony, where one egg produces multiple embryos, and paedogenesis, where reproduction occurs in immature life stages like larvae instead of adults.
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2. Common household pest insects like ants and cockroaches are discussed in more detail, outlining their life cycles and highlighting effective control methods like baits and sanitation.
3. Carpenter ants and pharaoh ants require specialized treatment, including locating and treating nests directly and using baits, as residual sprays are often not effective at controlling the entire colony.
Flatworms
This document discusses acoelomate bilateral animals, focusing on the phylum Platyhelminthes. It describes the three main phyla of acoelomate bilateral animals - Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. Platyhelminthes, which includes flatworms, flukes and tapeworms, is by far the most diverse and economically important. The document then goes into further detail about characteristics and classification of flatworms.
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The document discusses classification systems used to organize living things into taxonomic groups based on similarities and evolutionary relationships. It describes the five-kingdom system and binomial naming convention. Key groups covered include animals, plants, fungi, bacteria, protoctists, and viruses. Characteristics used to classify vertebrates like fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals are also outlined.
The Amazing World Of Fungus And Protists
The document provides an overview of protists and fungi, describing their characteristics, types, and roles. It explains that protists are eukaryotic organisms that are not classified as animals, plants or fungi, and describes three main types of protists - animal-like protists (protozoa), plant-like protists (algae), and fungus-like protists. It also discusses the four main types of fungi and their structures and life cycles, as well as commercial and disease-causing fungi.
Insects and Their Relatives PDF.pdf
This document provides information about insects and their relatives. It discusses the different types of metamorphosis insects undergo (simple and complete), and covers specific types of insects like ants and cockroaches. For ant control, it emphasizes sanitation and locating nests. For carpenter ants, it describes finding and treating nests within wood. Pharaoh ant control requires using baits to get ants to return to multiple locations within structures.
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Insects are the most dominant species on Earth due to various structural, developmental, and protective adaptations. Their exoskeleton provides strength and protection while allowing flexibility. Their small size allows exploitation of diverse habitats. High fecundity and short lifecycles enable rapid population growth. Protective adaptations include warning coloration, production of unpleasant odors, and behavioral tactics like feigning death. Combined, these factors allow insects to thrive in nearly all environments.
Insect order Collembola | Springtails
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The document describes the five kingdoms of life: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. Monera are single-celled organisms without nuclei membranes that can cause disease or be helpful. Protista are mostly single-celled with nuclei membranes that eat other organisms or absorb nutrients from water. Fungi are multicellular, cannot move, absorb nutrients from other organisms, and reproduce via spores. Plantae are multicellular with nuclei membranes containing chlorophyll, produce their own food via photosynthesis, and reproduce from seeds. Animalia are multicellular, can move, get energy by consuming other organisms, and reproduce via eggs developing inside or outside the mother's
NUTRITION IN ANIMALS -2 (CLASS-VII) NCERT
YOUTUBE VIDEO:
https://youtu.be/GgV4xo21mFU
GOOGLE FORM WORKSHEET:
https://forms.gle/CqxrYZr1ukewvLhN8
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Feeding habits in –, Phytophagous insects, Mycetophagous insects, Predaceous insects, Parasitic mode of nutrition ,Sensory organs associated with feeding, Sensilla on the mouthparts, Food selection by phytophagous insects, Prey specificity and selection by predators
Host- finding by blood- sucking and parasitic insects
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1) The document discusses key concepts in ecology including producers, consumers, food chains, and symbiotic relationships.
2) Producers such as plants use photosynthesis to obtain energy from the sun, while some use chemosynthesis, and consumers obtain energy by eating producers or other consumers.
3) Symbiotic relationships include mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism, and an organism's niche describes how it finds resources and avoids threats in its environment.
economic importance of insects
This document discusses beneficial and injurious insects. It begins by describing several commercially beneficial insects that produce honey, wax, lac, dyes and silk. It then discusses different categories of beneficial insects including those used for pollination, as predators of other insects, as parasites of harmful insects, and as decomposers. The document also notes several crops that depend on insect pollination. It concludes by describing several categories of injurious insects including disease transmitters, household pests, and those that damage domestic animals and crops.
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1. The document discusses the reproductive systems and types of reproduction in insects. It describes the female and male reproductive systems, including oogenesis and spermatogenesis.
2. There are different types of reproduction discussed, including oviparity, viviparity, and parthenogenesis. Viviparity includes ovoviviparity, pseudoplacental viviparity, haemocoelous viviparity, and adenotrophic viviparity.
3. Additional types discussed include polyembryony, where one egg produces multiple embryos, and paedogenesis, where reproduction occurs in immature life stages like larvae instead of adults.
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This document discusses various topics related to pharmacognosy including:
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2. Characteristics of living organisms such as growth, nutrition, movement, reproduction, and sensitivity.
3. Robert Whittaker's five kingdom classification of Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
4. Modifications of plant stems that occur underground, on the ground, or aerially to aid functions like storage, protection, and propagation.
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2. Common household pest insects like ants and cockroaches are discussed in more detail, outlining their life cycles and highlighting effective control methods like baits and sanitation.
3. Carpenter ants and pharaoh ants require specialized treatment, including locating and treating nests directly and using baits, as residual sprays are often not effective at controlling the entire colony.
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This document discusses acoelomate bilateral animals, focusing on the phylum Platyhelminthes. It describes the three main phyla of acoelomate bilateral animals - Platyhelminthes, Nemertea, and Gnathostomulida. Platyhelminthes, which includes flatworms, flukes and tapeworms, is by far the most diverse and economically important. The document then goes into further detail about characteristics and classification of flatworms.
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[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
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- 1. The abdomen contains the digestive and reproductive organs, as well as the stinger, which is used for defense. The digestive system includes a crop, where food is stored, and a stomach, where enzymes break down food. The reproductive system includes the ovaries, which produce eggs, and the stinger is used to inject venom into predators or perceived threats. Behavior of Ants Ants have a complex social structure and exhibit a wide range of behaviors, including foraging, caring for the young, and defending the colony from predators. Foraging Foraging is one of the most important tasks of ants. Ants collect food from the environment and bring it back to the colony. Ants use a combination of chemical cues and visual cues to find food sources. When an ant finds a food source, it will return to the colony and lay down a trail of pheromones that other ants can follow to the food source. The ants will then work together to transport the food back to the colony. Caring for the Young Ants also have a highly organized system for caring for the young. The queen ant lays eggs, which hatch into larvae. The larvae are fed a mixture of regurgitated food and secretions from the glands of worker ants. As the larvae grow, they spin cocoons around themselves and enter the pupal stage, where they undergo metamorphosis into adult ants. Once they emerge from their cocoons, they begin performing tasks within the colony, such as foraging, caring for the young, and defending the colony. Defending the Colony Ants are also known for their defense mechanisms. When an ant perceives a threat to the colony, such as a predator or a human, it will release a pheromone that signals to other ants to attack. The ants will swarm around the perceived threat and bite or sting it repeatedly, injecting venom into the target. Some ants can also spray formic acid as a defense mechanism. Social Structure of Ants Ants live in organized communities known as colonies, which are composed of three main types of ants: the queen, workers, and males.
- 2. Queen Ant The queen ant is the largest ant in the colony and is responsible for laying eggs. She produces chemicals called pheromones that regulate