The document discusses several government policies aimed at rural development in India, including their goals and challenges in implementation. It notes that the local economy relies heavily on agriculture and cattle rearing, with small land holdings and youth migration common. Socially, it describes the area as conservative with rigid caste systems and limited education. Several specific policies are outlined such as the Right to Education Act, pension schemes, housing assistance, MGNREGA, and rural infrastructure development. For each, the intended goals are provided along with common issues observed like leaks, lack of asset creation, poor targeting, and inadequate resources to meet needs. Overall, the document analyzes how policies have the potential to aid development but often face challenges in effective implementation at

2. WHERE WERE WE?
Economy
 Largely cattle raring and agricultural
 Small Land Holdings (1.5 Biga Average)
 Migratory youth
 Mineral rich: Rampant granite mining in Mandal

4. WHERE WERE WE?
Socio- Cultural
 Conservative
 Caste Rigidity
 Restricted social mobility
 Patriarchy
 Largely uneducated population

7. WHERE WERE WE?
Political
 Caste politics
 Dynastic politics
 Limited interface between the state and people

9. WHY WERE WE THERE?
As civil society agents:
 To partake in the grievance redress process
 To raise awareness on the RTH
 To collectivize workers to save NREGA
As students:
 To study functioning of policies
 For Rural Appraisal

11. HOW DID WE DO IT?
 Travelled on foot: ‘Pad Yatra’
 Went house to house interacting and spreading
awareness
 Conducted village meetings
 Rural experience as participants and observers
 Conducted public hearings at the end of each yatra

13.  Reflect on welfare policies aimed at rural
development in relation to the grievance redress
system.
 Place specific policies in the developmental
paradigm
 Apply policy analysis tools to review policy
performance and suggest future policy reforms.

14. Right to Education
Desired
Policy Target:
Making
primary
education a
fundamental
right for all
children in the
age group 6-14

15.  Poor infrastructure
 Extremely high student-teacher ratio
 Non implementation of prescribed standards in
midday meal
 Socio-cultural obstacles e.g. child marriage

16. KUNWAR KA BADIA DUNGELA

17. Universal, rights-based legislation essential for
development of human-capital

18.  Appropriate management of resources
 Take in account other socio-economic-cultural
problems to be able to comprehensively address the
issue

19. Desired Policy Target:
To provide public financial assistance to women
above 55 years of age and men above 58 years
of age within the economic capacity of the
state.

20.  Several leakages observed
 Integrated auto upgrading non-existent
 Required to produce too many documents
 Long, tedious and expensive process

21.  Case study of
Meera Devi:
PPO/Bank receipt
was asked along
with a new
application.

22. The only universal scheme with the potential to
support the elderly.

23.  Need to emphasize on oral modes of
communication as opposed to written
 Need to increase awareness on entitlements

24. Desired Policy Target:
Providing financial assistance for the
construction of dwelling units for households
under the Central BPL

25.  Assistance given in stages
 Money provided is not sufficient
 Long waiting list
 Skewed eligibility criteria

28.  Targeting leads to marginalisation of the
deserving people due to rigid eligibility
criteria

29. MGNREGA
Desired Policy
Target:
Poorest
marginalized
households with no
alternative means of
employment.

30.  Engaged women and old-people
 Minimal amount trickling down to the
poorest
 No asset creation
 People rarely finish 100 days of work
 Mixed response to its dilution (case study)

32. Mandal Raipur
• Dependent on cattle-rearing/
agriculture
• Migration – limited to few
women and old people
• Problems in implementation
• Dependent entirely on
manual labour, no land
holdings
• Popular among men, women
and the aged
• Relatively better
implementation but no
alternative anyway

33.  Crucial rights-based legislation for people with no
alternative means of employment
 Effective distributive policy that empowers villages
with a significant influx of funds
 Empowerment tool

34.  Dilutes difference between the policy and it’s
implementation – conspicuous absence of
awareness
 Building a comprehensive policy that does
not address issues in isolation but integrates
them. For example: building houses under
NREGA, instead of separate housing and
employment schemes

35. Desired Policy Target:
 Development in rural India seen largely from the lens
of infrastructure development
 Provision of basic infrastructural facilities to all
people residing in rural India

36.  NREGA: no asset creation
 Absence of Electricity
 Absence of gravel roads
 Lack of Sanitation and clean drinking water

40. Intends to universalize basic infrastructure amenities
that are crucial to improvement of human life.

41.  Inflexible policies tend to exclude vast numbers of
population from acquiring basic facilities. Ex. 1 hand
pump per 250 people
 Does not universalize basic amenities

42.  A NON-FUNCTIONING
HAND PUMP IN
JENA VILLAGE
IN MOTA KA
KHEDA
PANCHAYAT. THE
ONLY HAND
PUMP IN THE
ENTIRE
VILLAGE.

44. Grievance redress only the first step to
effective policy implementation!