Field observations on building disaster resilient communities - hemker

Field Observations on Building
Disaster-Resilient Infrastructure
29 January 2014 – RAFI Forum in Cebu City / Philippines
“Are we ready for the normal”
Claus Hemker
Consultant Architect

Claus Hemker Caritas Germany
Topics
 A careful first approach to understand THE NORMAL
 About Hazards and Disaster
 Natural, men made and technological hazards
 Vulnerability and underlying risk factors
 Observations
 Samples
 Solutions
 Lessons
2

Architecture, Urban Planning, Risk Management
Visions & Dreams of THE NORMAL…
3

4
8. - 10.November 2013 – Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan)
Philippines – The New NORMAL – Impact ?
Süddeutsche Zeitung: Tacloban – Siedlung am Fischereihafen

THE NORMAL …same time, different location
5
Eastern Samar
Cebu City

Fukushima / Japan – Global Impact through Media
6

Port au Prince – Cathedral
Haiti 2010
7

Flood USA, New Orleans…
8

Flood in Europe / Germany – June 2013
„Jahrhunderthochwasser „ (…2002 ???)
Estimated damage: 7.000.000.000 Euro x 60 = 420 billion PHP
9

Collapsed Garment Factory – Bangladesh 2013
Global Economies – Local Impacts
10

A) Natural Hazards
11

World Seismicity Map (25.10.2010)
12

Tropical Cyclones
13

14

Economic Damage registered by Insurances in
Germany
15

Extensive flood reports – Cali, Colombia
16
Source: UN, Risk and Poverty in a changing Climate, Summary and Recommendations, 2009, page 13

Source: Safe & Resilient Cities - World Bank
Note: Analyses predates 2010 Haiti Earthquake…!
17

B) Men made disaster: War, Civil war, Civil unrest
Liberia, Sierra Leone, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, Syria…
18

C) Technical Hazards
19
Energy, Power…
Location of
Active
Nuclear Power Stations
Germany

Transport Systems, nuclear waste, explosives…
20
Important
International
Airports
Germany

e.g. : Flight Tracks – Munich Airport / Germany
21

Energy in Europe - Gas Pipelines
22

23

Haiti 12. January 2010
Earthquake + Vulnerability = Impact
24

Underlying Risk Factors
it is not only a matter of Design and Technology
but about the facts behind
25
DRM
Risk
Identification
Hazard
Risk
Underlaying
Factors
Knowledge
Transfer
Disaster
preparedness
Emergency
Response
(Re)Construction
Poor urban
governance
Climate change
Missing
regulatory
Framework
Poverty

Geography + Climate Change + Population Growth
+ Urbanisation + informal Settlements + Poverty +
poor Leadership = risk + poor Infrastructure… 26

 Observations
 Samples
 Solutions
 Lessons
27

28
Caritas
Germany

Samples, Solutions, Lessons learnt from the field
29
Technical solutions are
expensive and have
limitetions !
Creek Shutter
(Verschlussbauwerk,
Speyer Germany)
Fischbeck, Elbe /
Germany June 2014

Environment friendly – low cost solutions –
planning with the nature not against …
30
Careful
Transformation
Umnutzung /
Umgestaltung von
frei werdenden
landwirtschaftlichen
Flächen und
Industriebrachen
wegen
Strukturwandel
Skizze:
Architekturbüro
Grub-Lejeune

Flood retention basin, Wetlands and natural buffer
31

Risk Mapping
32
Hazard and Risk
Assessment and
Mapping are
necessary for
comprehensive
regional planning,
urban planning and
disaster resiliant
design

Simultaneous Risk Assessment
33
Methods:
Quantitative, Qualitative, Deterministic, Probabilistic
Resilient Cities, Module 02, technical Analysis, pages 4, 5

Samples, Solutions, Lessons learnt from the field
34
Do no Harm!
Formal and informal
Urbanization in hazard
exposed areas need to be
carefully assessed,
improved and transformed
with respect to different
economic and Social
realities
!!! Political unrest
Taqsim Square , Istanbul

Sector Approach to a Minimum Standard…?
35
Niermann: Aspekte der
Kostenreduzierung im
Wohnungsbau für
unterste
Einkommensgruppen
1977

Participation: Urban Planning and Architectural Design
must respect the “Genius Loci” and local culture
36
Tsunami resistent House
design Initiative, Harvard,
May 2005
„Domes For the
World...“ (System from
1972 Bayer / Germany
for Nicaragua; Photo:
Java 2006

Provide not only building code but Rebuild Better:
Resilient Buildings becomes – Transitional Shelter
37

Engineer driven Dammage Assessment + Analizes
provides best lessons on „What went wrong“
38
Asile St Vincent
Léogâne - Haiti

Rebuild Better – Capacity Building
39
Awareness,
knowledge transfer
and training of
Architects, engineers
and craftsman must
become part of every
sustainable
reconstruction
strategy.

(re)Construction is a chance to improve
Function assessment – National Development
40

Professional Partnerships – University Darmstadt
41

Site Planning and Professional Design
by Architect U.Lang, Freiburg Germany
42

Inclusion and accessibility for People with handicaps
43

Filling the gaps:
Engineering – Supervison - Accountability
44

Finished School Complex Léogâne: February 2012
45
Not spectacular
solutions or avant-
garde architecture,
but
functional,
resilient and
Ready for the
normal

Points for Discussion
 Do we need to increase the norm of structural
engineering?
 Up to which level can / must the norms for engineering
and technical infrastructure become increased?
 What are the consequences ?
 Is Yolanda becoming “the normal”?
 What would be the impact on “normal housing”?
 How can we improve the strength and performance of
our buildings and infrastructures today?
 Can we provide sufficient resistant Shelter for all people?
46

Dahang Salamat
Every crises is
a new opportunity
to learn
and
a chance to improve.
We must not miss it !
47

Field observations on building disaster resilient communities - hemker

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Field observations on building disaster resilient communities - hemker