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FGC Plasma Solutions tech presentation [public]
- 2. 2 Felipe Gomez del Campo Drew Weibel Development of a Plasma Assisted Lean, Premixed Fuel Injector for Gas Turbines
- 3. Jet Engine Combustion Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Turndown Combustor design always presents tradeoffs1 Altitude relight Dynamics LBO Efficiency Pattern Factor 1. Chang, Clarence. “Low-Emissions Combustors Development and Testing." (2013).
- 4. Research Background Lean Combustors for Jet Engines Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Combustors, in particular lean combustors are prone to both static and dynamic instabilities. Plasma Provides an additional degree of control over flame stabilization, eliminating tradeoffs SV-LDI injector Courtesy of NASA
- 5. A Little Bit of Theory… Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 𝑈 𝑆 𝐿 𝑈 = 𝑆 𝐿 𝑆 𝐿 ∝ 𝐴𝑒 𝐸 𝑎/𝑅𝑇 = 𝑓(𝜑, 𝑇, 𝑃 ) 𝜑 𝑆 𝐿 Blow Off Plasma can add radicals such as singlet oxygen through direct electron ionization and thereby increase laminar flame speed
- 6. Stability Margins Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 2. Bompelly, Ravi K. "Lean blowout and its robust sensing in swirl combustors." (2013). Non-optimal fuel scheduling to avoid LBO Plasma could allow for reduced fuel flows at low powers
- 7. Experimental Setup Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Appendix 1: Pictures LabVIEW DAQ Lab exhaust T4 T3 P4 Power supply trigger High voltage supply PC Oscilloscope Back pressure valve Control room PC Image processing PC Air MFC Methane MFC Liquid fuel capability (non-reacting for now) Nanosecond pulsed high voltage power supply integrated Glennan Optically Accessible Single Sector Combustor
- 8. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Air MFC Exhaust P3 Sensor Inlet Diffusor HV connection Test Section Fuel MFC Remote Viewing Cam P4’ Sensor T4 Thermocouple
- 9. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 9 HV
- 10. A little bit of Theory… Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Air Air CH4 Nanosecond repetitively pulsed distributed sparks High Voltage Power Supply
- 11. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 11 Recirculation zone LES Simulation predicts recirculation zone coincident with location of plasma generation
- 12. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 12 Recirculation zone LES Simulation predicts recirculation zone coincident with location of plasma generation
- 13. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 13 Cold Flow Discharge Two Discharge Modes Evident. Nanosecond diffuse discharge Nanosecond distributed spark Nanosecond pulsed corona
- 14. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 14 Oscilloscope Trace of Power Supply Output PRF = 1 Vin = 214V MdotAir = 400SLM 𝐸 𝑛 ~65𝑇𝑑
- 15. A little bit of Theory… Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 𝜹 𝑶~𝟏𝒎𝒎 Need to produce plasma close to flame, if not, radicals quench 𝑂
- 16. Discharges at High Temperature Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Higher E/n in burned gasses leads to “easier” ionization 𝛾 = 𝑅𝑇 2𝜋𝑑2 𝑁𝑃 ∝ 𝑇 𝑃 ∆𝑉𝐵𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑘𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 = 𝛾∆𝑉𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑖𝑧𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑 𝛾 𝑏~7𝛾𝑢 1 atm like operation up to 10 atm ∆𝑉𝐵,𝑢 ∆𝑉𝐵,𝑏 ~7 102𝑘𝑉 12.4𝑘𝑉 ~8.2
- 17. Kinetic Effects Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Time averaged, line-of-sight images Detached flame Higher Chemiluminescence intensity No Plasma Plasma CH* formed from 𝐶2 𝐻 and O
- 18. https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B7aZJgVev2L8R05aMG1RYW5WNWM Video Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited
- 19. Power Supply Comparison Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Pulsed DC RPNSD 37% LBO Extension 60% LBO Extension Nanosecond pulses much more effective in stabilizing flame. We suggest a higher degree of non-equilibrium and a higher E/n favoring the production of active species is responsible Future work with PLIF and/or TALIF could confirm this
- 20. LBO Extension Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0% 1% 1% 2% 2% 3% Plasma power/ thermal power LBO Extension vs. Thermal Power at LBO 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Thermal Power at LBO (kW) LBO Extension vs. Thermal Power at LBO 𝝋𝑳𝑩𝑶,𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂−𝝋𝑳𝑩𝑶,𝑵𝒐𝑷𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒎𝒂 LBO extension appears to scale linearly with the ratio of plasma power to thermal power.
- 21. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 21
- 22. Instability Suppression Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Plasma demonstrates authority in suppressing low frequency instabilities related to periodic extinction and re-ignition events.
- 23. Instability Suppression Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited Plasma attaches a lifted flame, changing flame dynamic response
- 24. Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited 24
- 25. Next Steps July 2016 Copyright 2016, unauthorized reproduction prohibited From what we have seen, results should scale well Liquid fuels High Pressure High Inlet Temperatures Realistic Geometries
- 26. Thank you for your time. For any questions, please contact Felipe Gómez del Campo Felipe.gomez@fgcplasma.com Drew Weibel Drew.Weibel@fgcplasma.com
Editor's Notes
- Hello Everyone My Name is Joe Heebner, I am the VP of Research for FGC Plasma Solutions and Im here to tell you that the next big thing in aerospace is actually small and I can do that thanks to our revolutionary fuel nozzle technology which uses plasma to make flying safer and more efficient. So why is this important?