This is a MUST READ for anyone suffering from a CHRONIC staph infection. (vancomycin-resistant!)
Both community-associated and hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus have increased in the past 20 years, and the rise in incidence has been accompanied by a rise in antibiotic-resistant strains—in particular, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and, more recently, vancomycin-resistant strains.
Essential update: Adult vancomycin dosing nomograms inadequate for older pediatric patients.
info from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/971358-overview
This is a MUST READ for anyone suffering from a CHRONIC staph infection. (vancomycin-resistant!)
Both community-associated and hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus have increased in the past 20 years, and the rise in incidence has been accompanied by a rise in antibiotic-resistant strains—in particular, methicillin-resistant S aureus (MRSA) and, more recently, vancomycin-resistant strains.
Essential update: Adult vancomycin dosing nomograms inadequate for older pediatric patients.
info from: http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/971358-overview
Febrile neutropenia - Infections in cancer patientsAli Musavi
This powerpoint provides a summary of infections in neutropenic patients and febrile neutropenia. It contains the definition, etiology, approach, treatments, and recommendations from ESMO and IDSA guidelines.
Febrile neutropenia - Infections in cancer patientsAli Musavi
This powerpoint provides a summary of infections in neutropenic patients and febrile neutropenia. It contains the definition, etiology, approach, treatments, and recommendations from ESMO and IDSA guidelines.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Case 1
4-month-old well-appearing girl admitted
for croup and respiratory distress.
Develops fever to 39.1.
What additional evaluation would you do at
this point?
3. Case 2
12-year old boy with AML, in induction,
admitted for febrile neutropenia. He
had just received his first dose of
ceftazidime and vancomycin when he
developed another fever to 38.5, chills,
and new dizziness shortly after
receiving the antibiotics.
What would be the next steps in this
patient’s management?
4. Objectives
To determine which patients are at high
risk of developing sepsis.
To assess patient with fever.
To initiate empiric therapy.
5. Objectives
To determine which patients are at high
risk of developing sepsis.
To assess patient with fever.
To initiate empiric therapy.
6. Which patients are high-risk for
sepsis?
Neonates
Transplant recipients
Bone marrow
Solid organ
Oncology patients
Undergoing therapy, mucositis, central line
Most chemotherapy: nadir ~ 10 days after rx
Asplenic patients, including sickle cell
7. Definition of fever
38.0
Neonates (< 12 months)
Any immunocompromised patient
Including transplant patients, patients with
immunodeficiencies, oncology patients (sustained ≥38 x 1
hour)
38.5
All other patients
These are general guidelines, individual
patients/services may have different parameters
8. What etiologies cause fever?
Infectious
Inflammatory
Oncologic
Other: CNS dysfunction, drug fever
Life-threatening conditions
12. Life-threatening conditions
Sepsis, febrile neutropenia
Vital sign instability, poor-perfusion, may have altered mental
status, disseminated intravascular coagulation
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Splenomegaly, bicytopenia, elevated ferritin, elevated
triglycerides, low fibrinogen, hemophagocytosis, low/absent NK
cell function, elevated soluble IL2 receptor
Malignant hyperthermia
Following administration of inhaled anesthetics or depolarizing
neuromuscular blockers (succinylcholine), at-risk patients
include those with myopathy
Muscle rigidity, rhabdomyolysis, acidosis, tachycardia
13. Objectives
To determine which patients are at high
risk of developing sepsis.
To assess patient with fever.
To initiate empiric therapy.
14. Assessment
Vital signs
Repeat physical exam
Overall appearance (sick, toxic)
Central/peripheral lines
Incisions/wounds
VP shunt/tracheostomy/gastrostomy tube
Oral mucosa/perineal area for neutropenic patients
Perfusion
Call for help if concerning vital signs/exam
Fellow or attending
Rapid response team (RRT)/PICU
15. Laboratory evaluation
What would you do if the patient has
hardware (VP shunt, tracheostomy,
gastrostomy tube) or central line?
CBC with differential
Blood culture
CSF (tap VP shunt)
16. Laboratory evaluation
What would you do if the patient has a
high risk for sepsis?
Immunocompromised
Transplant recipient
Oncology patient
CBC with differential
Blood culture
Urinalysis and urine culture
17. Laboratory evaluation
What would you do for an infant ≤ 2
months of age?
CBC with differential
Blood culture
Catheterized urinalysis and urine culture
Lumbar puncture
18. Laboratory evaluation
Who needs a urinalysis and urine culture?
Circumcised males < 6 months
Uncircumcised males < 1 year
Females < 2 years
Immunocompromised patients
Patients with history of UTI/pyelonephritis
19. Laboratory evaluation
Who needs a lumbar puncture?
Neonates ≤ 2 months
Ill-appearing
Altered mental status
What tests do you send?
Gram stain and culture
Cell count and differential
Protein and glucose
Extra tube for additional studies
Enteroviral PCR, HSV PCR, CA encephalitis project
21. Objectives
To determine which patients are at high
risk of developing sepsis.
To assess patient with fever.
To initiate empiric therapy.
22. Treatment for non-high risk patients
May not need empiric antibiotics
Consider the following issues:
Is patient clinically stable?
Are the screening laboratory studies
suggestive of infection?
24. Treatment for neonates ≤ 2 months
If < 28 days old
Ampicillin AND cefotaxime OR
Ampicillin AND gentamicin
Consider acyclovir
If 29-60 days old
Ceftriaxone ± Ampicillin OR Vancomycin
Until CSF results are known (cell count,
protein, glucose), initiate therapy with
meningitic dosing regimen
25. Treatment for febrile neutropenia
Broad-spectrum antibiotics with Pseudomonas
coverage
Ex: use ceftazidime or piperacillin-tazobactam
Consider double coverage for possible resistant
Pseudomonas
Ex: add amikacin or tobramycin
Consider gram-positive coverage (central line,
skin infections)
Ex: add vancomycin
Consider anaerobic coverage (mucositis,
typhlitis)
Ex: use piperacillin-tazobactam or add clindamycin
26. Take home points
Infections are the most common cause of fever
in children
During assessment of a child with fever, pay
close attention to vital sign changes, overall
appearance, and potential sites of infection
Closely monitor for clinical decompensation after
antibiotic administration, particularly in patients
at high-risk of developing sepsis
27. References
Baraff LJ. Management of fever without source in infants and
children. Ann Emerg Med. 2000. 36:602-14.
Meckler G, Lindemulder S. Fever and neutropenia in pediatric
patients with cancer. Emerg Med Clin N Am. 2009. 27:525-44.
Palazzi EL. Approach to the child with fever of unknown origin.
UpToDate. 2011
Palazzi DL. Etiologies of fever of unknown origin. UpToDate.
2011.
Tolan R. Fever of unknown origin: A diagnostic approach to this
vexing problem. Clin Pediatr. 2010;49:207-13.