Beer is produced through the fermentation of grains like barley by yeast. The grains are soaked, germinated, then dried or roasted to produce malted barley. This malted barley is mashed to extract fermentable sugars and convert starches to fermentable sugars. The wort produced from the mash is boiled with hops, which provides bitterness, flavor, and aroma. The wort is then cooled and fermented with yeast to produce beer.