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The document discusses the relationship between dish size and EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) for receiving signals from satellites. It explains that EIRP depends on the transponder power and antenna gain, and that a higher EIRP allows reception with a smaller dish. Graphs show the minimum dish sizes needed to receive signals of different EIRPs from geostationary satellites. The graphs can help determine if a location can receive signals from a particular satellite transponder but occasional variations are possible.
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The document discusses fiber optic general basics and applications including fiber optic transmission systems, the principle of lightwave propagation through fiber parameters, optical components, and measurement parameters. It also describes using a visible light source or 1-2 kHz signal for continuity checks and fiber identification of short and long distances. Finally, it mentions using an optical power meter to measure input and output power in decibels and watts.
Cp343 prelim
1. The document appears to be an exam for a Principles of Communications course, containing multiple choice questions, an enumeration section, problem solving questions, and a request to draw a block diagram of a communication system.
2. The multiple choice questions cover topics like modulation types, components of communication systems like oscillators and amplifiers, noise sources, and modulation concepts.
3. The enumeration sections ask about types of internal noise, equations for amplitude, frequency and phase modulation, and advantages of single sideband communication.
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Ka band, ranging from 18-40 GHz, is being increasingly used for satellite communication due to the large amount of available spectrum. However, signals at these higher frequencies are more susceptible to attenuation from water vapor and rain compared to lower C and Ku bands. While Ka band is well-suited for high-speed internet access due to its tolerance of packet loss, it is riskier than lower bands for digital TV due to the potential for signal disruption during rain events. WildBlue provides a two-way Ka band satellite internet system using QPSK modulation for both upstream and downstream.
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This document summarizes basic RF concepts including decibels, antenna gain, free-space propagation, RF attenuation, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio. It explains that decibels measure power ratios on a logarithmic scale and are commonly used in wireless networking. Free-space propagation and RF attenuation cause signals to decrease in strength over distance due to factors like materials and frequency. Noise comes from thermal and receiver sources and establishes a noise floor. Signal-to-noise ratio compares signal strength to noise to determine reliable reception.
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This document summarizes test results comparing new 0.2dB LNBs from Max Communication to their previous 0.3dB models. Measurements of signal strength, modulation error rate, and channel bit error rate showed the 0.2dB models performed slightly better on average, with the twin LNB model performing best. However, the real noise figures of individual commercial LNBs can vary around the specified 0.2dB typical value. While upgrading may provide some improvement, the difference from an existing 0.3dB LNB is unlikely to be large.
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This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth calculations and signal-to-noise ratios. It contains examples of calculating bandwidth for different FM signals using Carson's rule and other equations. It also examines how FM detection provides "processing gain" which improves the signal-to-noise ratio by spreading the noise power over a wider bandwidth, while the signal power remains concentrated. Threshold effects and carrier-to-noise ratios are also discussed.
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This document discusses key concepts for designing and planning microwave radio links, including:
1) Free space loss specifies how much a signal weakens over distance based on frequency. Higher frequencies experience greater loss over the same distance.
2) The Fresnel zone is the area around the line of sight path where signal can bend or diffract, and obstructions in this zone can weaken the signal.
3) A fade margin calculation determines the difference between the received signal level and the receiver's sensitivity, providing a safety cushion for link reliability against factors that can weaken the signal.
Satellite communications by dennis roddy (4th edition)
This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and bandwidth calculations. It provides examples calculating the modulation index and bandwidth for signals with different modulation indices. For signals with large modulation indices, the bandwidth is mainly determined by the peak deviation. Carson's rule tends to underestimate bandwidth for modulation indices from 2 to 10, which is most common in practice. A better estimate in this range is given by an alternative equation. The document also discusses how increasing the modulation amplitude can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by increasing bandwidth, and how FM detectors process noise.
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The document discusses fiber optic general basics and applications including fiber optic transmission systems, the principle of lightwave propagation through fiber parameters, optical components, and measurement parameters. It also describes using a visible light source or 1-2 kHz signal for continuity checks and fiber identification of short and long distances. Finally, it mentions using an optical power meter to measure input and output power in decibels and watts.
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1. The document appears to be an exam for a Principles of Communications course, containing multiple choice questions, an enumeration section, problem solving questions, and a request to draw a block diagram of a communication system.
2. The multiple choice questions cover topics like modulation types, components of communication systems like oscillators and amplifiers, noise sources, and modulation concepts.
3. The enumeration sections ask about types of internal noise, equations for amplitude, frequency and phase modulation, and advantages of single sideband communication.
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Ka band, ranging from 18-40 GHz, is being increasingly used for satellite communication due to the large amount of available spectrum. However, signals at these higher frequencies are more susceptible to attenuation from water vapor and rain compared to lower C and Ku bands. While Ka band is well-suited for high-speed internet access due to its tolerance of packet loss, it is riskier than lower bands for digital TV due to the potential for signal disruption during rain events. WildBlue provides a two-way Ka band satellite internet system using QPSK modulation for both upstream and downstream.
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This document summarizes basic RF concepts including decibels, antenna gain, free-space propagation, RF attenuation, noise, and signal-to-noise ratio. It explains that decibels measure power ratios on a logarithmic scale and are commonly used in wireless networking. Free-space propagation and RF attenuation cause signals to decrease in strength over distance due to factors like materials and frequency. Noise comes from thermal and receiver sources and establishes a noise floor. Signal-to-noise ratio compares signal strength to noise to determine reliable reception.
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This document summarizes test results comparing new 0.2dB LNBs from Max Communication to their previous 0.3dB models. Measurements of signal strength, modulation error rate, and channel bit error rate showed the 0.2dB models performed slightly better on average, with the twin LNB model performing best. However, the real noise figures of individual commercial LNBs can vary around the specified 0.2dB typical value. While upgrading may provide some improvement, the difference from an existing 0.3dB LNB is unlikely to be large.
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This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth calculations and signal-to-noise ratios. It contains examples of calculating bandwidth for different FM signals using Carson's rule and other equations. It also examines how FM detection provides "processing gain" which improves the signal-to-noise ratio by spreading the noise power over a wider bandwidth, while the signal power remains concentrated. Threshold effects and carrier-to-noise ratios are also discussed.
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This document discusses key concepts for designing and planning microwave radio links, including:
1) Free space loss specifies how much a signal weakens over distance based on frequency. Higher frequencies experience greater loss over the same distance.
2) The Fresnel zone is the area around the line of sight path where signal can bend or diffract, and obstructions in this zone can weaken the signal.
3) A fade margin calculation determines the difference between the received signal level and the receiver's sensitivity, providing a safety cushion for link reliability against factors that can weaken the signal.
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This document discusses frequency modulation (FM) and bandwidth calculations. It provides examples calculating the modulation index and bandwidth for signals with different modulation indices. For signals with large modulation indices, the bandwidth is mainly determined by the peak deviation. Carson's rule tends to underestimate bandwidth for modulation indices from 2 to 10, which is most common in practice. A better estimate in this range is given by an alternative equation. The document also discusses how increasing the modulation amplitude can improve the signal-to-noise ratio by increasing bandwidth, and how FM detectors process noise.
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1) The document discusses various types of noise like white noise and how they can be characterized using time plots and spectrograms. Common environmental noises like from power plants or cars were found to have similarities to white noise.
2) Speech signals were found to have a narrower frequency spectrum compared to environmental noises. Digital filters can be used to filter out frequencies outside of the speech spectrum to reduce noise.
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2) Higher-order sigma-delta modulators, increased oversampling ratios, and multi-bit quantizers can improve performance but also introduce stability issues and higher power consumption.
3) Practical considerations like op-amp non-linearity, slew rate limits, gain-bandwidth limits, integrator leakage, clock jitter, and thermal noise degrade the performance of real sigma-delta modulators compared to ideal models.
Baud rate is the number of change in signal
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An RGB laser emits red, green, and blue light beams individually or combined into one beam. Through additive color mixing, many other colors can be produced. RGB lasers are being used as alternatives to arc lamps for applications like beamers, due to advantages like higher image quality and a wider color space. These lasers produce very narrow bandwidth beams close to monochromatic light, allowing clear images. However, RGB lasers currently have low power output, though technological advances will help address this and enable their use in more areas that require lasers.
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Satellite signals are weak by the time they reach the ground due to signal attenuation over the long distance from the satellite in geostationary orbit. A low noise amplifier (LNA) is used to amplify the weak satellite signals received by the dish antenna without adding significant noise. The LNA and block converter that downconverts the microwave frequencies to intermediate frequencies together make up the low noise block downconverter (LNB). LNBs use local oscillators and mixers to convert signals to intermediate frequencies accepted by satellite receivers. Noise performance and local oscillator frequencies vary between LNBs used for different satellite frequency bands.
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1) QPSK has no loss compared to BPSK, while 8-PSK and 16-PSK have losses of 3dB and 7.5dB respectively at a BER of 10-3.
2) For a point-to-point microwave link using 8-PSK, the maximum data rate at 10km with a BER of 10-5 is 195kbps.
3) With error correction coding providing 3dB of gain, the data rate can be increased to 390kbps for the same
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The proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard aim to increase data rates and spectral efficiency. This includes reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to allow transponders to be placed closer together, utilizing spectrum more efficiently. A new 64-APSK modulation scheme and additional modulation and coding options provide flexibility to optimize throughput. Wideband transponders using the full 72 MHz bandwidth could increase efficiency threefold over traditional 27.5 MHz transponders. These extensions may provide up to 20% higher data rates for direct broadcast applications and up to 64% for professional point-to-point links. The improvements will help enable services like ultra-high definition television that require high data throughput via satellite.
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The document tests and evaluates LNBs from GT-SAT International's Diamond Line series. Measurement results show the Diamond Line LNBs provide significantly stronger output power than a reference LNB, compensating for signal attenuation over 30-50 meters of coax cable. Noise performance tests find the Diamond Line models are equal to or better than the reference LNB. The increased output power is achieved without degradation of noise performance. Current consumption is slightly higher for the high-power Diamond Line LNBs but expected given their capabilities. Overall, the Diamond Line LNBs perform well in output power and noise tests, making them suitable for difficult signal reception areas.
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AdaptiveFilterDesign_NoahBeilin
1) The document discusses various types of noise like white noise and how they can be characterized using time plots and spectrograms. Common environmental noises like from power plants or cars were found to have similarities to white noise.
2) Speech signals were found to have a narrower frequency spectrum compared to environmental noises. Digital filters can be used to filter out frequencies outside of the speech spectrum to reduce noise.
3) Cross-correlation of signal spectrograms with filter transfer functions can determine the most suitable filter type. Adaptive filters used in noise cancellation applications work by modeling signal relationships using algorithms like cross-correlation.
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The document summarizes a test of the DSN GR 3250 LNBF against two other LNBF models. While the GR 3250 performed comparably in terms of MER and channel BER, its measured C/N ratio was 0.7 dB worse than the newest 0.3 dB LNBF tested. However, the noise figure is specified as a typical value, so one sample may not indicate overall performance. The GR 3250 offers small size and high output power with a 2-year guarantee, but its noise performance is better characterized as 0.5 dB rather than the specified 0.3 dB.
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This document discusses how RF impairments can affect voice quality in VoIP systems. It provides guidelines for acceptable carrier-to-noise ratios, packet loss rates, and other physical layer metrics to ensure good voice quality. RF impairments that cause issues include low signal-to-noise ratio, intermodulation distortion, amplitude problems, group delay variations, micro-reflections, and burst noise. The document also provides example acceptable ranges for metrics like MER and bit error rate at different points in a cable system like the headend, nodes, and customer premises equipment.
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This document discusses planning for a microwave radio link, including:
1) The first step is to verify clear line of sight and at least 60% clearance of the Fresnel zone between antennas to avoid signal loss.
2) Performing a system operating margin (SOM) calculation allows testing of different system designs to determine the "safety cushion" or fade margin of a link.
3) While a SOM of 20dB or more is adequate, the actual signal to noise ratio at the receiver also impacts reliability, so interference from other radios needs to be considered.
Cadant C4 downstream
This document contains a diagram and calculations for an example RF headend design connecting an ARRIS C4 distribution system to an optical transmitter. It shows signals from 4 DS channels being split and combined through various splitters and combiners with associated losses before traveling over RG-59 cable to an amplifier, then more cable to an optical transmitter, listing component losses and resulting signal levels. The design drawing includes RF level loss calculations between the ARRIS C4 and optical transmitter.
PIERS 2017 Ilya Korogodin Features of OFDM Signals Delay Tracking for Navigat...
The document discusses using orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals for navigation and radio location. It proposes using sparse irregular subcarriers to maximize advantages like accuracy in multipath conditions, anti-jam capability, and acquisition performance while removing disadvantages like non-constant envelope and complexity. Sparse irregular subcarriers can provide slightly better accuracy, significantly better anti-jam capability and faster acquisition times compared to conventional OFDM. They also allow constant envelope transmission without power losses and scalable signals for different services.
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The document provides information about integrating sound level meters and measuring sound levels. It discusses decibels, frequency and time weighting, sound pressure levels, equivalent sound levels, and the key features and specifications of the SLM 100 sound level meter, including its data logging and plotting capabilities.
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The document discusses optical network technologies for upgrading to higher data rates. It introduces dense multi-carrier (DMC) technology as a cost-effective solution to upgrade existing 10Gb/s networks to 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s. DMC works by slicing signals into multiple lower symbol rate sub-carriers. It also discusses scalable reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) architectures to provide a flexible backbone without bandwidth constraints. Field trials showed DMC successfully transmitting 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s over long distances with high tolerance to nonlinearities and impairments.
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how to understand and implement the "WAVENET"
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1) Sigma-delta analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) use oversampling and noise shaping techniques. They embed a quantizer in a feedback loop to shape quantization noise out of the signal band.
2) Higher-order sigma-delta modulators, increased oversampling ratios, and multi-bit quantizers can improve performance but also introduce stability issues and higher power consumption.
3) Practical considerations like op-amp non-linearity, slew rate limits, gain-bandwidth limits, integrator leakage, clock jitter, and thermal noise degrade the performance of real sigma-delta modulators compared to ideal models.
Baud rate is the number of change in signal
Baud rate is the number of signal state changes per second in a communication channel, such as the number of tones or pulses. A baud rate of 1000 baud means 1000 signal state changes per second. The symbol rate is related to but different from bit rate, as one symbol can carry more than one bit depending on the modulation. Bit rate refers specifically to the number of data bits transferred per second. For example, a 2400 bps rate means 2400 bits are transmitted each second. Baud rate and bit rate are connected, as bit rate depends on baud rate and modulation technique.
An RGB Laser And Its Applications
An RGB laser emits red, green, and blue light beams individually or combined into one beam. Through additive color mixing, many other colors can be produced. RGB lasers are being used as alternatives to arc lamps for applications like beamers, due to advantages like higher image quality and a wider color space. These lasers produce very narrow bandwidth beams close to monochromatic light, allowing clear images. However, RGB lasers currently have low power output, though technological advances will help address this and enable their use in more areas that require lasers.
Basics of c ku and lnb
Satellite signals are weak by the time they reach the ground due to signal attenuation over the long distance from the satellite in geostationary orbit. A low noise amplifier (LNA) is used to amplify the weak satellite signals received by the dish antenna without adding significant noise. The LNA and block converter that downconverts the microwave frequencies to intermediate frequencies together make up the low noise block downconverter (LNB). LNBs use local oscillators and mixers to convert signals to intermediate frequencies accepted by satellite receivers. Noise performance and local oscillator frequencies vary between LNBs used for different satellite frequency bands.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is publis...
A multiple C-shaped microstrip patch antenna system is presented to provide wide coverage for wireless applications. The system consists of five C-shaped patch antennas fed by a coplanar waveguide network. The antennas and feeding network are fabricated on an FR4 substrate that is 1.6mm thick with a relative permittivity of 4.4. Modeling and simulation using HFSS electromagnetic simulator shows the system provides multiple resonance frequencies at 2.4GHz for applications such as DCS, MCS, WLAN, and WiMAX. Simulation results demonstrate return losses of 20dB at 6.7GHz, 10dB at 4.4GHz and 14dB at 1.8GHz, obtaining frequency bands of 1.7-
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Hw7 solution
The document contains the solution to a homework assignment involving digital communications. It includes 4 problems analyzing modulation schemes like BPSK, QPSK, and 8-PSK under different system configurations and requirements. The key points are:
1) QPSK has no loss compared to BPSK, while 8-PSK and 16-PSK have losses of 3dB and 7.5dB respectively at a BER of 10-3.
2) For a point-to-point microwave link using 8-PSK, the maximum data rate at 10km with a BER of 10-5 is 195kbps.
3) With error correction coding providing 3dB of gain, the data rate can be increased to 390kbps for the same
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The proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard aim to increase data rates and spectral efficiency. This includes reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to allow transponders to be placed closer together, utilizing spectrum more efficiently. A new 64-APSK modulation scheme and additional modulation and coding options provide flexibility to optimize throughput. Wideband transponders using the full 72 MHz bandwidth could increase efficiency threefold over traditional 27.5 MHz transponders. These extensions may provide up to 20% higher data rates for direct broadcast applications and up to 64% for professional point-to-point links. The improvements will help enable services like ultra-high definition television that require high data throughput via satellite.
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The document tests and evaluates LNBs from GT-SAT International's Diamond Line series. Measurement results show the Diamond Line LNBs provide significantly stronger output power than a reference LNB, compensating for signal attenuation over 30-50 meters of coax cable. Noise performance tests find the Diamond Line models are equal to or better than the reference LNB. The increased output power is achieved without degradation of noise performance. Current consumption is slightly higher for the high-power Diamond Line LNBs but expected given their capabilities. Overall, the Diamond Line LNBs perform well in output power and noise tests, making them suitable for difficult signal reception areas.
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This white paper compares two technologies for optimizing satellite capacity efficiency for IP trunking networks: adaptive coding and modulation (ACM) and signal cancellation. It analyzes a reference network delivering symmetrical and asymmetrical services from a hub in Sudan to 10 remote sites in Africa. Using conventional fixed modulation, a minimum of 3 transponders is needed for symmetrical services but asymmetrical services require too much bandwidth to fit in two transponders. The paper will evaluate if ACM or signal cancellation can provide bandwidth savings.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard to enable higher data rates. Some of the key extensions discussed are:
1) Reducing roll-off factors and side lobes of digitally modulated carriers to allow transponders to be positioned closer together;
2) Using wider bandwidth transponders that are 3 times wider than typical transponders to improve spectral efficiency;
3) Adding a new 64 APSK modulation scheme to transmit more data in the same bandwidth.
4) Providing more modulation and coding schemes and forward error correction options to optimize the balance between useful and error correcting payload.
Vitorsworkshop
1. The document discusses receiving satellite signals in the Ka-band (26.5-40 GHz) in Europe using inexpensive options like an LNB for an Irish TV provider or a DirecTV SL3 LNB.
2. Testing was done with these LNBs in Portugal, with the Irish LNB only finding signals at 13.0E and 9.0E for internet services, while the complex DirecTV SL3 LNB had issues working with motorized dishes due to its weight.
3. Ka-band signals use small spot beams and modulations unsuitable for typical receivers, and expansion of services is expected, though the testing found no additional usable signals.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard to improve efficiency as demand increases for higher data rates like those needed for UHDTV. The extensions could provide up to a 20% increase for broadcast services and 64% for professional services. Key extensions include reducing roll-off factors and side lobes to fit more transponders in the same spectrum, using wider bandwidth transponders, adding 64 APSK modulation, and improving modulation and coding schemes. The extensions aim to enable higher data rates within existing satellite channels but wider bandwidth transponders may be best for professional not consumer services.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard to increase data rates and spectral efficiency. The extensions include reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to place transponders closer together, using wider bandwidth transponders, adding a new 64 APSK modulation, and improving forward error correction. These techniques could provide up to a 20% increase in data rates for direct broadcast services and up to 64% for professional links. The extensions aim to support higher data applications like ultra-high definition TV and high-speed internet services over satellite.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard to increase data rates and spectral efficiency. The extensions include reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to place transponders closer together, using wider bandwidth transponders, adding a new 64 APSK modulation, and improving forward error correction. These techniques could provide up to a 20% increase in data rates for direct broadcast applications and up to 64% for professional links. The extensions aim to support higher data applications like ultra-high definition TV and high-speed IP services over satellite.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 digital video broadcasting standard over satellites. The extensions aim to improve spectrum efficiency and allow for higher data rates. Key points include:
1) Reducing roll-off factors and side lobes of carriers allows transponders to be placed closer together, utilizing bandwidth.
2) Using wider bandwidth transponders that are 3 times the size of typical ones further increases efficiency.
3) A new 64-APSK modulation scheme and additional coding options provide more flexibility to optimize throughput.
4) Overall, the extensions could provide up to 20% higher data rates for broadcasting and 64% for professional services.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite broadcasting standard to improve efficiency and accommodate higher data rates. The extensions include reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to allow transponders to be placed closer together, using wider bandwidth transponders, adding a new 64 APSK modulation, and providing more modulation and coding options. These techniques could increase data rates by 20% for direct broadcasting and up to 64% for professional services. The extensions aim to enable services like ultra-high definition TV that require greater bandwidth capabilities.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite broadcasting standard to enable higher data rates for services like UHDTV. The extensions include reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to fit more transponders in the same bandwidth, using wider 72 MHz transponders, adding a new 64-APSK modulation, and more modulation and coding options. These techniques could provide up to a 20% gain for direct broadcasting and up to 64% for professional links. The improvements will help deliver higher data rate ultra high definition and other bandwidth-intensive services over satellite.
Jiuzhou
The document summarizes a test report for the Jiuzhou DVS-2018BS professional satellite receiver. It describes the receiver's packaging, exterior, and various connection ports. Professional receivers are used in cable TV networks to receive signals from satellite transponders and output either analog or digital streams. They allow operators to receive multiple channels for distribution over a cable system. The receiver's menu system is simple due to its small display, but allows tuning and configuration of transponder and streaming parameters needed for integration into a cable TV headend.
Feature dvbs3
The document discusses proposed extensions to the DVB-S2 satellite communication standard to improve data transmission efficiency. Some key extensions mentioned include reducing transponder roll-off factors and side lobes to allow transponders to be placed closer together, using wider bandwidth transponders, adding a new 64 APSK modulation, and additional modulation and coding schemes. These extensions could provide up to a 20% increase in data rates for direct-to-home broadcasts and potentially a 64% increase for professional services. The improvements will help enable higher data transmission rates to support services like ultra-high definition TV and high-speed IP.
Feature transmission
This document discusses techniques that television stations use to transmit programming feeds between stations via satellite while limiting reception to unintended viewers. These "feeds" transmit content like live sports or news reports.
The main techniques discussed are encryption, using less popular satellites that most dish owners can't receive, transmitting with specialized video formats like MPEG 4:2:2 that require professional receivers, and using very low symbol rates that most receivers can't process. The goal is to transmit content privately between stations while it is being distributed, before the final broadcast intended for households.
Technisat
The Technisat Digit 4S is a small but powerful satellite receiver. It has a compact size that allows it to fit on any living room shelf. Despite its small size, it has most important connectors and supports satellites including Astra, Hotbird, and Hispasat. It has a channel memory of 5,000 entries and automatic programming guide data loading. Testing found its tuner to be sensitive and able to receive signals down to 4-5 dB. The on-screen menus are nicely designed and intuitive to use.
Content
This document discusses the increasing complexity of digital television transmission technology and how it will require more precise equipment for reception. It introduces signal analyzer manufacturers Horizon and SPAUN, which see increasing demand for their products as the DVB-S2 standard expands. DVB-S2 can transmit more channels than DVB-S and providers are adopting it to reduce costs, though it requires more accurate antenna alignment than older standards. As digitalization progresses, the ability to use a signal analyzer will become essential for technicians.
Budget radio telescope
This document summarizes the design and components of a low-cost 21cm radio telescope capable of basic radio astronomy observations. The key components include:
- An offset satellite dish around 1m in diameter to collect radio signals.
- A simple "coffee can" feed horn assembly made from inexpensive materials to feed the signals to the receiver hardware.
- An software-defined radio (SDR) receiver such as an RTL-SDR dongle or Ettus Research B100+ to digitize the radio signals.
- Free, open-source software like GNU Radio to process the digitized signals and conduct observations of objects like the Sun and Galactic plane in spectral mode to detect the hydrogen
Globalinvacom
The document summarizes a product called the Stacker/De-Stacker, which allows two satellite receivers to share a single coaxial cable connection. It works by combining the signals from two low-noise block downconverters (LNBs) or a Quattro multiswitch into one cable using the Stacker device near the antenna. The De-Stacker then separates the signals again inside the home so each receiver gets its own independent satellite signal over the single cable. Testing showed the system was able to transmit clear signals over long cable runs up to 115 feet with negligible signal loss.
Dizipia
The Dizipia DS4H-9160 HDTV satellite receiver is a large, sturdy device with numerous connection options and powerful capabilities. It has two satellite tuners, HDMI and digital audio outputs, and supports 170+ satellites. The setup process is easy and guides the user through initial configuration. The receiver scans and organizes channels quickly, and allows customization and editing of the channel list.
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Tenow
The document tests and reviews the Moi Plus streaming box by TBS, which acts as a central DVB receiver that can distribute TV and radio signals via a home network to multiple devices. Key features include its small size, ability to be located remotely from TVs, support for wireless and wired networking, and integration of tuners. It comes preinstalled with the Tvheadend software, which allows automatic channel scanning, creation of customized channel lists for each user, electronic program guide functionality, and recording of content to external USB drives connected to the Moi Plus box. The review concludes the Moi Plus and Tvheadend together provide a versatile whole-home digital TV solution.
Tekniksat
The Tekniksat optical distribution system can deliver 4 satellite signals and 1 terrestrial signal to hundreds of receivers with equal signal quality at all outputs. It uses an optical transmitter to convert the signals to a single optical signal, an optical splitter to divide the signal, and an optical multiswitch to convert it back and distribute to subscribers. Testing showed the system maintained sufficient gain and only minimally impacted signal quality even when splitting the signal across 320 receivers. It is recommended for efficiently distributing signals to a large number of subscribers.
Satlink
The document reviews the Satlink WS6979HD signal analyzer. It has a high-resolution screen, HDMI output, long battery life, and supports DVB-S2 and DVB-T2. The device has comprehensive measurement and analysis functions for satellite and terrestrial signals. It also functions much like a standard satellite receiver, with features like an editable channel list and electronic program guide. Overall, the Satlink WS6979HD is a fully-featured, high-quality signal meter suitable for both professional and amateur use.
Satbeams
The document summarizes a mobile app called Satbeams that helps users align satellite dishes. It allows users to check if a satellite is receivable at their location and see satellite footprints offline. The app displays satellites on a virtual sky and calculates azimuth and elevation. It relies on an extensive satellite database but lacks daily frequency lists. Overall, the app provides a valuable tool for easily determining satellite reception and positioning dishes.
Logitech
The document discusses the Logitech Harmony Smart Control system, which allows a smartphone or tablet to replace all original remote controls. It utilizes a hub connected to devices via infrared and Bluetooth. The hub also connects to the local WiFi network to handle commands from the Harmony app. The app can control up to eight devices at once and remembers pre-programmed command sequences. Gestures on the app allow for easy control of functions like volume. The system was able to successfully control all devices tested, including receivers, Blu-Ray players, an Apple TV, and gaming consoles.
Jimedstein
Jim Edstein operates a large satellite reception system from the remote mountains of Taiwan to provide streaming services around the world. He first set up systems for expats to watch channels from home, then began streaming channels over the Internet in 2006. With fast, unlimited fiber Internet access in his area, he is now able to stream over 1000 TB of data per month to 90 point-to-point customers and host equipment for 7 additional customers. Operating from a small town in Taiwan, he distributes international TV channels globally via Internet streaming.
Editorial
TELE-audiovision is a digital TV industry publication established in 1981 that is headquartered in Munich, Germany. It is published by TELE-audiovision Magazine GmbH and edited by Alexander Wiese. The publication has a readership of over 350,000 digital TV professionals worldwide. The current issue discusses the shift from coaxial cable to fiber optic technology for satellite signal distribution. Fiber optic distribution eliminates limitations of cable length and number of distribution points. It also means each user has access to the full satellite bandwidth at all times. The editor notes that while coaxial cable faces issues like signal attenuation related to frequency, fiber optic technology is not impacted by these factors.
Dektec
The document discusses a DekTec DTA-2115 PCI Express card that can generate test signals for terrestrial, cable, and satellite receivers using a single PC card. It has an extremely wide frequency range from 32 MHz to 2186 MHz and supports virtually all digital modulation standards. This makes it very useful for testing receivers and troubleshooting reception issues. The card's software allows the user to adjust various signal parameters like modulation, frequency, error injection and signal quality to simulate real-world conditions.
Alpsat
The document provides a review of the SATFINDER 5 HD Slim handheld satellite meter from Alpsat Elektronik. It is small, lightweight device that features a high-resolution color display, integrated battery, and ability to simultaneously measure up to four transponders. The meter has a comprehensive pre-programmed database of satellites, transponders and channels. It allows for fine-tuning of dish alignment through features like cross-polarization measurement and constellation diagrams. The review concludes the SATFINDER 5 HD Slim is an extremely responsive meter for evaluating satellite signals.
TELE-audiovision 1505
The document is the May-June 2015 issue of TELE-audiovision Magazine, the world's leading digital TV industry publication. The issue includes test reports on new satellite equipment from companies like TEKNIKSAT, SATLINK, TENOW, and SATBEAMS. It also features articles on the growing use of fibre-optic technology for signal distribution, a profile of a Taiwanese satellite enthusiast, an overview of notable satellite uplink stations, and the history of TELE-audiovision magazine.
Sparos
The document describes the Spaun Sparos 711 professional meter for digital TV. It has a 10-inch touchscreen with high resolution and is optimized for antenna installers and technicians. The meter has a rugged metal case and offers simultaneous measurements of transponder signals. It can measure DVB formats along with ASI, HDMI and other connectivity. The large touchscreen and intuitive interface make it easy to use right out of the box. An included transport case presents a professional image for installers.
Mktech
The document tests and reviews the MKTech CB200 HD dual tuner meter. It is a small, lightweight, and easy to use meter that allows installers to simultaneously monitor signals and parameters for two different inputs. It has a clear LCD screen, intuitive interface, built-in database of satellites and transponders, and features like automatic satellite detection that make it suitable for professional installation and troubleshooting tasks. The review finds that while small in size, the meter has strong performance and many useful features for installers.
Haenlein
1) Haenlein Software develops and sells PVR software that allows users to record and edit digital TV programs and easily transfer recordings between different receivers.
2) Started in 1999 as a side project, Haenlein Software is now the owner's full-time business, employing 3 people working from home.
3) Their software works with over 800 different receiver models, has been translated into many languages, and is sold internationally through distributors and partnerships with receiver manufacturers.
Globalinvacom
1. GlobalInvacom's FibreIRS family improves satellite signal distribution using fiber optic cables instead of coaxial cables, allowing signal splitting and longer cable runs with minimal loss.
2. The new FibreIRS O2E optical-to-electrical converter, combined with the FibreIRS ODU optical amplifier, can regenerate and amplify signals after splitting, improving signal quality beyond the original source.
3. In tests, the combination of FibreIRS O2E and ODU provided amplification to restore signal strength after splitting 32 ways, while further improving modulation error ratio, demonstrating its ability to multiply outputs from a single LNB while enhancing signal quality.
Formuler
The Formuler F1 is a triple-tuner HD receiver that provides fast channel changing and search functions. It can be installed with various operating systems, including OpenPLI, OpenATV, and HDMU. The receiver features a versatile channel search, excellent electronic program guide, and the ability to record multiple channels simultaneously. Overall, the Formuler F1 delivers speed and a fun user experience, as its name and F1 designation would suggest.
Fernsehfee
The document provides a test report of the Fernsehfee 2.0, an intelligent TV receiver developed by TC Unterhaltungselektronik AG for German-speaking markets. Some key features of the Fernsehfee 2.0 include an ad blocker, optimized program guide for German channels, recording function, and built-in WiFi for connecting to networks. It also functions as a web TV box thanks to its Android operating system. The Fernsehfee 2.0 learns users' viewing preferences through an account system and recommends content it thinks they will enjoy based on ratings and past viewing behavior.
Eico
EICO is an antenna wholesaler and retailer located in Reykjavik, Iceland that has been in business since 1979. It sells over 400 satellite dishes per year, with 85cm dishes being the most popular for receiving signals from ASTRA. EICO also distributes signals using GlobalInvacom's fiber-optic system to over 100 apartments. While EICO previously installed MMDS systems, that technology is expected to be discontinued in Iceland. Overall, EICO remains at the forefront of technology for receiving TV signals in Iceland.
Editorial
This document provides information about TELE-audiovision Magazine, a digital TV trade publication established in 1981. It is published by TELE-audiovision Magazine GmbH based in Munich, Germany. Alexander Wiese is the publisher and editor-in-chief. The magazine is published in both print and digital formats and covers topics related to digital TV technology and devices, with a focus on products that utilize multiple tuners in the latest issue.
TELE-audiovision 1503
This document is the March-April 2015 issue of TELE-audiovision, a digital TV trade magazine published since 1981. The issue includes test reports on new products such as a triple-tuner HD receiver, a dual tuner signal meter, and an amplifier that improves signal quality. It also has articles on a software developer in Germany and a satellite equipment wholesaler in Iceland, as well as information on the magazine's global readership and a history of TELE-audiovision.
Titanium
The document tests and reviews the Titanium Satellite C1W-PLL LNBF. It was tested on an offset dish in southern France and found to have excellent reception quality, with a gain of up to 6.2 dBμV. The C1W-PLL uses PLL technology to provide a very stable signal lock, even for difficult signals like low symbol rates or high FEC carriers. It is recommended as a best bargain for C-band enthusiasts due to its high performance and low price.
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Feature
- 1. FEATURE The EIRP Secret Dish Size versus EIRP Peter Miller You do not have to be a real satellite DX-er to ask yourself a question: “can I receive this or that transponder from this or that satellite in my location?”. If only you decide to install a motorized dish, this question immediately becomes very important to you. Your antenna will be receiv- ing signals from many satellites, and while some of them will be very easy to receive, the others will be difficult or even impossible to read. Inevita- bly, you will start studying the footprints of various satellites and satel- lite beams. And very soon will you discover that some footprints show the minimum dish diameter required for reception, but the others show something called EIRP, usually expressed in dBW (see SatcoDX coverage maps for examples of this type). EIRP means Effective Isotropic lated to the dish size as you can Radiated Power and is the prod- see in figures 1 through 3. Figure uct of the transponder power and 3 is an enlarged part of figure 2 to its antenna gain coefficient (P x make it easier for you to find the G). The higher EIRP, the stronger dish size for the most commonly Figure 1. Dish size vs. EIRP for C-Band. signal reaching your dish and the used dish sizes for Ku-Band. smaller dish required to receive it. The graphs shown in the fig- If the beam footprint is small, the ures, assume 20° LNB for C-Band antenna gain coefficient is large and an LNB with NF=0.6 dB for and EIRP is big. For very wide Ku-Band. Should you have better beams, G is small and also EIRP equipment, for example univer- can not be high. EIRP can be trans- sal 0.3 dB LNB for Ku-Band, you 2007 New Opportunities - Figure 2. Dish size versus EIRP for Ku-Band. New Standards Burlington Hotel, Dublin, Ireland 7 – 9 March, 2007 The annual DVB World conference has now become a must for all involved in digital television. It’s the place to be for the latest information on developments in this rapidly expanding field. Topics will include MPEG 2&4, DVB-S2, HDTV, Figure 3. Dish size versus EIRP for Ku-Band. IPTV, DVB-H, Home Networking, Advanced Modulation for DVB-T and the may decrease the requirements somebody receives signal with a controversial subject of DRM. for the dish size by a few percent. smaller dish than the one shown For example, you may expect that in the graph for a given EIRP. It Programme and registration details will be for EIRP=48 dBW, instead of 70 cm dish with 0.6 dB LNB, you can can happen if the satellite trans- mits somewhat stronger signal announced in September. Details will appear at successfully use 65 cm dish with than promised in its specification. www.dvbworld.eu 0.3 dB LNB. So, do not jump into conclusion that something is wrong with the Occasionally, we hear that graphs. Further information from seminar@iab.ch TELE-satellite International — www.TELE-satellite.com