This document discusses spinal cord reflexes and the stretch reflex. It describes the components of the stretch reflex arc, including primary and secondary muscle spindle endings, alpha and gamma motor neurons, and dynamic and static responses. Occlusion and subliminal fringe are defined as they relate to summation of reflexes. Reciprocal innervation and recruitment/after discharge are also mentioned. Superficial reflexes like plantar and withdrawal are introduced.
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
A process server is a authorized person for delivering legal documents, such as summons, complaints, subpoenas, and other court papers, to peoples involved in legal proceedings.
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
32. 1. Plantar reflex
• - method: Scratching the
lateral edge of the sole with a
blunt object
• - result: plantar flexion of the
toes.
• Center: S1,2
33.
34. 2. Flexor withdrawal reflex:
• protective reflex
• prepotent; that is, they preempt
(precede)
• polysynaptic reflex with a central
delay of more than 3 milliseconds.
v
v
43. Wednesday, November 28, 2018 43
3-10 muscle fibers
central non-contractile part
called the receptor area
peripheral contractile part
peripheral contractile part
52. α
γ
Wednesday, November 28, 2018 52
α
γ
Primary or annulospinal endings
myelinated group Ia
Primary or annulospinal endings
myelinated group Ia
Secondary or flower spray endings
type II myelinated
Dynamic
gamma
efferent
Static
gamma
efferent
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
53. α
γ
Wednesday, November 28, 2018 53
α
γ
Dynamic
gamma
efferent
Static
gamma
efferent
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Primary or annulospinal endings
myelinated group Ia
Secondary or flower spray endings
type II myelinated
Dynamic response (dynamic stretch reflex - tendon jerk) Static response (static stretch reflex – skeletal muscle tone)
54. α
Wednesday, November 28, 2018 54
α
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Stretching Stretching
γ γ
Dynamic
gamma
efferent
Static
gamma
efferent
Primary or annulospinal endings
myelinated group Ia
Secondary or flower spray endings
type II myelinated
Dynamic response (dynamic stretch reflex - tendon jerk) Static response (static stretch reflex – skeletal muscle tone)
55. α
γ
Wednesday, November 28, 2018 55
α
γ
Dynamic
gamma
efferent
Static
gamma
efferent
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Alpha motor neuron
thick myelinated
Primary or annulospinal endings
myelinated group Ia
Secondary or flower spray endings
type II myelinated
Dynamic response (dynamic stretch reflex - tendon jerk) Static response (static stretch reflex – skeletal muscle tone)
