This document discusses a fatwa on suicide issued by the Fiqh Council of North America. It defines active and passive suicide and notes that suicide has been documented throughout history in many cultures and religions. The Quran and hadith prohibit suicide. While those who commit suicide will be punished, Islamic rulings state they should still receive traditional Muslim burial rites. The fatwa also prohibits suicide bombings, noting Islamic texts that say taking innocent life is like killing all of mankind. Risk factors for suicidal behavior include depression, hopelessness, substance abuse, and academic or relationship problems.

2. Name:
Fizza Arshad
Roll No:
012
Department:
MCS

3. Topic:
Fatwa on Suicide(SQ)

4. Definition of suicide
It is the act of killing oneself [intentionally].
Means of suicide
Active suicide: This means taking active steps to carry out a suicide.
Examples include [among others], using a sword, spear, rifle, poison
to kill oneself, jumping from great heights, throwing oneself in fire,
and drowning.
Passive suicide: This means refraining from making an effort to stay
alive. Examples include abstaining from food and drink, neglecting a
treatable wound, staying motionless in water or fire, not trying to
escape from an animal when one has the capacity to do so.

5. Suicide
Suicide, or self-killing, has been known throughout the whole of
recorded history
• It is found in every culture and social setting
• It was noted in the Biblical Times within the Jewish and Christian
faiths.
• It is mentioned in the Bhagavad Gita within the Hindu faith,
• In classical Greece and Rome
• Later throughout the Middle-Ages
• In Western world and throughout the world
• Despite severe theological prohibitions, amongst Muslims.

6. Reasons for Suicide
• Depression- unipolar affective disorder
• Isolation and detachment-This is not so much physical isolation
but moral insulation. Individual is so hopeless that others cannot
help him.
• Substance misuse (Drugs and alcohol)
• Loss of family or friends
• Relationship break-ups
• Financial problems
• Sickness and disability

7. Statistics about Suicide
•A global mortality rate of 17 per 100,000
• One death every 40 seconds from suicide
• In the last 45 years suicide rates have increased by 65%
worldwide.
• Suicide is now among the three leading causes of death
amongst those aged 14-44(both sexes)
• Suicide attempts are up to 20 times more frequent than
completed suicide
• More people die from suicide than homicide in the USA
• Mental disorders (particularly depression and substance abuse)
are associated with more than 90% of all causes of suicide

11. QURAN
"Don't' kill yourself with your own hands" (Baqra 2:195)
If anyone killed a person not in retaliation for murder (without
just cause) or to spread mischief in the land, it would be as if he
killed all mankind, and if anyone saved a life, it would be as if
he saved all mankind.} (Al-Ma'idah 5:32)

12. "Don't kill yourself. No doubt Allah (SWT) is merciful and
anyone who does so, will be pushed in fire. And it is easy for
Allah (swt)." (Nisa: 4:29, 4:30)

13. Hadith
"Whoever kills himself with a weapon in this world, he will be
tortured in hell with the same weapon". (Bukhari)
"Whoever strangles himself with a rope, he will keep on strangling
himself until being burnt in hell. And he who killed himself with a
spear, he will keep on being killed by spear until he is sent to hell."
(Bukhari)

15. Hanafi School
Fatwa in Durre- Mukhtar:
"Although one who commits suicide, will burn in hell forever, but
the deceased was a Muslim before doing this act and
• He will be buried as per normal Muslim traditions.
• Such a person will be given Ghusl, Janaza Salah and burial in a
Muslim cemetery as is the case with any other sinful Muslim

19. FIQH COUNCIL OF NORTH AMERICA ISSUED
FATWA
Targeting civilians life and property through suicide bombings or
any other method of attack is haram or forbidden - and those who
commit these barbaric acts are criminals, not martyrs.
• The Quran, Islam’s revealed text, states: “Whoever kills a person
[unjustly]it is as though he has killed all mankind. And whoever
saves a life, it is as though he had saved all mankind.” (Quran, 5:32)
• Prophet Muhammad said there is no excuse for committing unjust
acts: “Do not be people without minds of your own, saying that if
others treat you well you will treat them well, and that if they do
wrong you will do wrong to them. Instead, accustom yourselves to
do good if people do good and not to do wrong (even) if they do
evil.” (Al-Tirmidhi)

20. Risk factors for suicidal behaviour
•Depression
•Anxiety
•Hopelessness
•Impulsive or aggressive tendencies
•Substance use/abuse
•Previous suicide attempt or previous thoughts of killing oneself
•Coping style in which problems are kept inside/unexpressed
•Low self-esteem and lack of self-efficacy Feelings of loneliness,
guilt, shame, or inadequacy
• Academic concerns

21. •Academic problems: inattentive, missed classes, incomplete
assignments, failed exams and courses
• Relationship problems: conflicts with parents, roommates,
friends, or partners; social or spiritual isolation
• Risky behaviors: violent or aggressive behavior, unprotected
sexual practices, alcohol and other drug abuse, driving under the
influence
• Physical symptoms: muscular tension, insomnia, stomach aches,
other physical complaints