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ISLAM AND ITS POSITION
WITH REGARDS TO
TERRORISM AND
EXTREMISM
Emad Salih
ACCUSATIONS LEVELED AGAINST
ISLAM AND MUSLIMS
Islam is an inherently violent religion.
Islam and Muslims are responsible for all the
terrorist attacks in the world.
Not all Muslims are terrorists but all terrorists
are Muslims.
IS ISLAM INHERENTLY
VIOLENT?
 Does Islam call for violence against civilians?
 Does Islam call for violation of human rights?
 Does Islam call for extremism?
 Why does Islam not condemn terrorism and terrorist?
To answer these questions we will have to examine the Islamic
teachings that pertain to these topics.
A R E M U S L I M S R E S P O N S I B L E F O R A L M O S T
A L L T E R RO R I S T A T TA C K S I N T H E WO R L D ?
 To answer this question, we will examine the following reports:
1-2014 EU Terrorism situation and trend report, prepared by
Europol.
2-RAND (Research ANd Development Corporation): financed by
the U.S. government with headquarters in Santa Monica, CA
3-Gallup studies(Gallup: An American research organization based
in Washington DC providing research and strategic consulting to
leaders and organizations based on data analysis)
4-Other studies prepared by renowned institutions.
IS TER ROR ISM A ND VIOLENCE A
T R A DEMA R K OF MUSLIMS?
To answer this questions, we will have to examine historical and
present day facts.
 Present day facts will be represented in the results of the
previously mentioned studies.
 Some historical examples pertaining to this question will
also be cited.
 Biography of the Prophet
 Islam’s teachings with
regards to war, dealing with
non-Muslims, human rights
and universal values.
EXAMINING ISLAMIC TEACHINGS
 Who are those extremists?
 Where do they get their
ideas from?
 What does Islam have to
say about those views?
 What does the word Jihad
mean?
ORIGIN OF ISLAM
 Born 570 AD
 Raised as an orphan
 Worked as a shepherd
 Then as a merchant
 Married at 25
 Received message at 40
 Died at 63 (23 year mission)
PROPHET’S BIOGRAPHY
 Quran (6236 verses, over
600 pages)
 Prophetic teachings (300K)
 120,000 disciples
 Islam had spread to all of
Arabia by time of his death
 Belief in the one God
 Belief in all Prophets
 Belief in Angels
 Belief in all previous books
 Belief in God’s plan
 Belief in the Afterlife
ESSENCE OF THE MESSAGE
 Testimony of faith
 5 prayers a day
 Fasting 1 month a year
 Charity to those in need
 Pilgrimage
DOES ISLAM PROMOTE VIOLENCE
 When is fighting allowed in Islam?
 What are the rules of combat in Islam?
 What does Islam teach toward dealing with non-
Muslims?
 What does Islam teach with regards to respecting
human rights?
WHEN IS FIGHTING
ALLOWED IN ISLAM
IN SELF DEFENSE
 “Permission to fight is given to those who have been
fought against, because they were wronged and oppressed;
and indeed, God is most able to give them victory; (they are)
those who have been unjustly expelled from their homes
without right, for no reason except that they say, "Our Lord is
God.” (Quran 22:39-40)
M U S L I M S C O M M A N D E D TO F I G H T O N LY
T H O S E W H O F I G H T T H E M A N D TO B E G I N
N O H O S T I L I T I E S
“And fight in the way of Allah those who fight
against you, but begin no hostilities. Surely,
Allah does not love the aggressors”
(Quran 2:190)
FIGHTING TO FREE THE WEAK
FROM OPPRESSION
 “And why should you not fight in the way of God and for
the sake of those who are weak, ill-treated, and
oppressed? Men, Women, and Children, whose only cry is,
"Oh our Lord! Rescue us from this town whose people are
tyrants, and provide for us from you one who will protect us;
and raise for us from you one who will help us!” (Quran 4:75)
FIGHTING TO SECURE FREEDOM
OF RELIGION
 “For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by
means of another, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and
mosques, wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much
would surely have been demolished. Verily, Allah will help
those who help His (Cause). Truly, Allah is All-Strong, All-
Mighty)” (Quran 22:40)
WHAT ARE THE RULES
OF COMBAT IN ISLAM?
PROHIBITION OF TARGETING THE
NON-COMBATANTS AND THE WEAK
"I advise you ten things: Do not kill women or
children or an aged, weak, injured, or sick
person. Do not kill people in places of worship,
do not behave cowardly…” (Prophet Mohamed)
GIVING CHANCE FOR PEACE
“But if your enemies incline towards peace,
you should also incline towards peace. And trust
in God! For He is the one who hears and knows all
things.” (Quran8:61)
PROHIBITION OF EXTREME
MEASURES
“Do not go to extremes, do not behave
treacherously, mutilate their dead, or kill children”
(Prophet Mohammed)
“Do not cut or burn trees, do not destroy houses,
do not kill animals” (Prophet Mohammed)
D E A L I N G W I T H P E O P L E F RO M OT H E R
FA I T H S W H O A L L OW M U S L I M S TO L I V E I N
P E A C E
“Allah does not forbid you respecting those
who have not waged war against you on account
of your religion, and have not driven you out of
your homes, that you treat them with kindness
and deal with them justly; surely Allah loves
those who are Just” Quran (60:8)
CONT. DEALING WITH NON-
MUSLIMS
Al-Qarafi explains the meaning of “treat them with
Kindness)” Showing gentleness towards the weak,
providing clothing to cover them and soft speech. This must
be done with affection and mercy, do so out of kindness
towards them, not out of fear or financial reasons. Also,
praying they receive guidance, advising them in all worldly
and spiritual matters, protecting their reputation if they are
exposed to slander, and defending their property, families,
rights, and concerns. Assisting them against oppression
and getting them their rights”
DEA LING W ITH NON - MUSLIM
MINOR ITIES
"Beware! Whoever is cruel or harsh on a non-
Muslim minority; curtails their rights, burdens
them with more than they can bear, or takes
anything from them against their free will; I will
stand against him on the Day of Judgment”
(Prophet Mohammed)
HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM
Freedom of religion
Equality
Justice and protection
Islam and universal human values
FREEDOM OF RELIGION
 “Let there be no compulsion in religion” (Quran 2:256).
 “To you is your religion, and to me is mine”(Quran
109:6).
 “And say, "The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills -
let him believe; and whoever wills - let him disbelieve”
(Quran 18:29)
EQUALITY
 "No Arab has any superiority over a non Arab, nor does a
non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab. Nor does a white
man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man
have any superiority over the white man. You are all the
children of Adam, & Adam was created from clay”
(Prophet Mohammed)
JUSTICE & PROTECTION
 “ To non-Muslims is the protection from Allah and the
pledge on that from his prophet for their religion, places
of worship, and all their properties. No Priest, Rabbi or
Monk should be displaced from his position” (Prophet
Mohammed)
 “My Lord has prohibited me from being unfair towards
anyone” (Prophet Mohammed)
ISLAM AND UNIVERSAL HUMAN
VALUES
 Mercy, compassion, and benevolence
 Family values
 Communal rights
 Women’s rights
 Islam’s call for Moderation and avoidance of
extremism
MERCY AND COMPASSION
 “Who does not show mercy to others will not be shown
mercy by Allah” (Prophet Mohammed).
 “And I (Allah) have not sent you but as mercy to all mankind”
(Quran 48:29).
 “Show mercy to those on earth and the One above the
heavens will show mercy to you” (Prophet Mohammed)
CARING FOR FAMILY
 “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him.
And that you be dutiful to your parents” (Quran 17:23).
 “Each of you is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock.
The man is the shepherd of his family and he is responsible for
his flock. The woman is the shepherd of her husband’s
household and is responsible for her flock” (Prophet
Mohammed)
CARING FOR OTHERS IN THE
COMMUNITY
 “Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and be kind to
you parents, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, neighbors
near and far, your friend who is by your side,……” (Quran 4:36)
 “The one who is treacherous towards his neighbor is not a
believer”, he repeated it three times. (Prophet Mohammed)
THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN
 “Women are the twin halves of men” (Prophet Mohammed)
 “The best of you are those who are best to their wives”
(Prophet Mohammed)
 “I will accept no excuse if you violate the rights of the two
weak ones; women and and orphans” (Prophet Mohammed)
 On his death bed “I urge you by the name of all to respect
the rights of women”
ISLAM’S CALL FOR MODERATION
 “Allah is gentle and loves gentleness in all affairs” (Prophet
Mohammed).
 “I warn you against going to extremes in religion” (Prophet
Mohammed)
 “I was sent with the gentle and moderate religion” (Prophet
Mohammed).
 “The extremists will be doomed” (Prophet Mohammed).
SO, IF THIS IS WHAT ISLAM
CALLS FOR, WHO ARE THOSE
EXTREMISTS?
WHO DO THEY REPRESENT?
AND FROM WHERE DO THEY GET
THEIR IDEAS?
EXTREMIST OFFSHOOTS FROM
ISLAM
 Who are the Khawarij (Literally: Those who went out)?
-The first group to exhibit extremist tendencies and the first
sect to split out of Islam in the late 7th century.
-Developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from
mainstream Islam and Muslims.
-Have fought against Muslim governments and shed the blood
of Muslims generation after generation.
WAS THE EMERGENCE
OF THIS SECT
PREDICTED AND
PROPHESIZED BY THE
PROPHET MOHAMMED?
PROPHET MOHA MMED DESCR IBING
THEM
“There will come towards the end of time a
group of people, young men with irrational
thinking and lack of wisdom, they utter some
of the most dazzling speeches but they will
leave Islam like an arrow leaves its prey”
AMAZING PROPHECY
 Sahl Ibn Haneef said: "I heard the prophet say while
pointing his hand towards Iraq: "There will appear some
people who will recite the Quran but it will not go beyond
their throats, and they will go out from the fold of Islam
as an arrow darts through the game's body"
ANOTHER PROPHECY ABOUT
THE KHAWARIJ
 “There will be internal strife and fighting in this nation of
mine. And there will appear a certain group, their talk is sweet
but their actions are awful, they recite the Quran but it does not
go past their throat. They are worst of mankind and the whole
creation”
CONT. THE PROPHET FOR ETELLING
THE EMERGENCE OF THIS EXTR EMIST
SECT
“They think the Quran is on their side but, in
fact, it is against them”
“Whenever a group of them rises it will be
eradicated until the false messiah rises amongst
them”
CONT. THE PROPHET DESCR IBING
KHAWA R IJ
 “They are boastful about themselves and some people
are amazed by them, they depart from Islam just like an
arrow penetrates a prey”
 “They call to the book of Allah but they have nothing
to do with Allah”
 “They will fight against the people of Islam”
W H A T G O E S I N T H E M I N D S O F S U C H
P E O P L E
 “What I dread the most on you is a man who reads the Quran
and is enlightened by it and becomes as asset of Islam and
Muslims. He then disregards it and throws it behind his back and
misinterprets it. He then picks up his sword and attacks his own
neighbor and brands his neighbor with polytheism”
Huzaifah asks the Prophet: “Who is the real polytheist in this
situation the assailant or the victim” The Prophet replies “The
assailant” (Prophet Mohammed)
WHAT IS JIHAD
 In Arabic: to strive and struggle
 Various types of Jihad:
1- Jihad-Nafs: To strive for the betterment of your own moral
conduct and character.
2- Jihad-Shaytan: To struggle against Satan and resist his evil
whispering.
3-Jihad-Adu: To struggle against and invading enemy and external
threat according to Islamic rules of combat.
WHAT JIHAD IS NOT
 Killing innocent civilians is not Jihad.
 Wrecking havoc and disturbing communal peace is not
Jihad.
 Random acts of violence aimed at terrorizing others is not
Jihad.
WHAT JIHAD IS NOT
 Fighting against a regime or government that permits freedom
of religion and freedom of speech is not Jihad.
 Violating Islamic rules of combat is not Jihad.
 Terrorists should not be called Jihadists. Proper Jihad does not
involve terrorism. Jihad should not be used to describe terrorists.
DO STUDIES CONDUCTED BY
WESTERN GOVERNMENTS
SUPPORT THE CLAIM THAT
MUSLIMS ARE RESPONSIBLE
FOR MOST TERRORIST
ATTACKS?
2 0 1 4 E U T E R RO R I S M S I T UA T I O N A N D
T R E N D R E P O RT, P R E PA R E D B Y E U RO P O L
 In 2013, there were 152 terrorist attacks in the EU. Two of
them were “religiously motivated.”
 In 2012, there were 219 terrorist attacks in EU countries, six of
them were “religiously motivated”.
 In 2011, there were 174 terrorist attacks in EU countries none
were “affiliated or inspired” by religious terrorist organizations.
2 0 1 4 E U T E R RO R I S M S I T UA T I O N A N D
T R E N D R E P O RT, P R E PA R E D B Y E U RO P O L
 2010, 249 terrorist attacks, three of them were considered by
Europol to be “Islamist”
 In 2009, of 294 terrorist attacks, only one was related to
Islamist militancy.
 Europol added the caveat, “Islamist terrorists still aim to
cause mass casualties.”
HOW COME W E HAVEN'T HEA R D
A BOUT A LL THESE A TTA CKS?
 The answer is simple; they were not carried out by the so called
“Islamic Terrorist”.
 Western media simply does not cover non-Muslim terror attacks
with the same gusto. Stories about scary “others” play better.
 Irrational fear of the spread of Islam has prompted some groups
to launch a smear campaign of vilification of everything that relates
to this religion and its adherent.
MOST OF YOU PROBABLY NEVER
HEARD OF THIS ONE EITHER
 Feb.13,2015, Nova Scotia RCMP Commanding Officer, Brian Brennan
reports that they have foiled a plot by 2 people to carry out a mass shooting at
public venue to kill as many people as they can then kill themselves.
 Brenan describes them as “A group of individuals with certain beliefs who
are obsessed with killing and had many photos of mass killings”
 He adds “There is nothing in the investigation to classify it as a
terrorist attack”. He goes on “I can tell you it’s not culturally based”
CONT. THE NOVA
SCOTIA PLOT
• The Plotter, James Gamble
shot himself when the police
surrounded his home.
• How would have this incident
been handled by the
politicians, the media, and the
Canadian public if the
perpetrators had been
Muslims?
WHAT ABOUT TERRORIST
ATTACKS ON US SOIL
 According to a study released by Duke University and the
University of North Carolina analyzing Terrorist Attacks on
U.S. Soil by Group, From 1980 to 2005, According to FBI
Database “the terrorist threat posed by radicalized Muslim-
Americans has been exaggerated; only 6%”.
WOULD THEY DARE SAY IT?
 Using their defunct logic, would these right wingers dare
say now that nearly all acts of terrorism are committed by
Latinos and left wing groups?…they can’t; it would be political
and social suicide to say such a thing. It would be politically
incorrect and most Americans would shut down such talk as
bigoted; yet, similar statements continue to be said of Islam
and Muslims, without any repercussions.
MEDIA DOUBLE STANDARDS
 Yet notice the disparity in media coverage for attacks by these
various groups and individuals. It would indeed be very interesting to
construct a corresponding pie chart that depicts the level of media
coverage of each group.
 Yet, the media in the West continues to instill this irrational fear of
radical Islam, a fear also propagated and inflamed by right wing
Islamophobes.
 Oct. 2014 attack by Martin
Couture-Rouleau: Vehicular
homicide, 1 RCMP officer killed.
 Oct. 2014 Parliament Hill
Attack by Michael Zehaf-
Bibeau: 1 RCMP officer killed.
 The June 2014 Moncton, NB
Shootings: 3 RCMP killed and 2
injured by Justin Bourque.
 The Mayerthorpe, AB
Tragedy March 3, 2005: 4 RCMP
officers killed by James Roszko.
A N OT H E R E X A M P L E D O U B L E S TA N DA R D S
B Y P O L I T I C I A N S A N D M E D I A
These are terrorist attacks These are not
RAND REPORT
 RAND (Research ANd Development Corporation): financed
by the U.S. government with headquarters in Santa Monica, CA
 The report confirms that the threat of jihadist terrorism in
the United States has been heavily exaggerated. The report
documents and analyzes acts of terrorism in the U.S. from 9/11
to the end of 2009.
CONT. RAND REPORT
 The RAND report includes a time line of all acts of terrorism on
U.S. soil committed by jihadists using FBI data.
 Not a single civilian in the U.S. has been killed by jihadists since
9/11.
 However, thirteen soldiers and one military-contracted ex-
soldier were killed outside a military recruiting site (Little Rock
recruiting office shooting) and on a military base (Fort Hood
Shooting).
CONT. RAND REPORT
 Of the 83 terrorist attacks in the United States between 9/11
and the end of 2009, only three were clearly connected with the
Jihadist cause i.e. 3.6% of all terrorist attacks on US soil.
 Fifty of the 83 terrorist attacks were committed by
environmental extremists and animal rights fanatics, “which
account for most of the violence.” Five civilians were killed by
the anthrax letters.
CONT. RAND REPORT
 There are more than 3 million Muslims in the US, and few more
than 100 have joined jihad—about one out of every 30,000—
suggesting an American Muslim population that remains hostile to
jihadist ideology and its exhortations to violence.
 A mistrust of American Muslims by other Americans seems
misplaced.
 Many of the jihadist recruits in the United States began their
journey on the Internet.
CONT. RAND REPORT
 Many homegrown Jihadists are not-observant Muslims, but
criminally inclined. They are often attracted to Jihadist ideologies
due to the sense of adventure and thrill rather than religion or
spirituality.
 First line of defense to prevent terrorism are the relatives and
close friends of the newly radicalized jihadist. Therefore, it is
imperative to maintain the trust of the Muslim American
community.
INTERESTING NUMBERS
 Charles Kurzman, a sociology professor at the University
of North Carolina in his most recent report tracking Islamist
militancy in America included this startling figure. “Since
9/11, Muslim-American terrorism has claimed 37 lives in
the United States, out of more than 190,000 murders
during this period.”
30,000 DEATH PER YEAR YET…
 US Senate blocks a Gun-Control bill for stronger background checks
for gun buyers. This reform was supported by >90% Americans and 56%
of Senators. The Republicans blocked the vote claiming the bill violated
the second amendment rights of law-abiding Americans.
 Yet, the civil rights of over 5 million Muslims living in North
America and 45 Million Muslims in Europe are pervasively violated
because of some isolated terrorist attacks they have no connection
with.
BASED ON THE PREVIOUSLY
QUOTED STUDIES, ONE CAN
EASILY CONCLUDE THAT
THERE ARE OTHER THINGS
THAT CONSTITUTE A FAR
BIGGER THREAT TO PEOPLE
IN THE WEST THAN THE
THREAT OF “ISLAMIC
TERRORISM”
PEANUTS
Over 100 times as
many Americans die
of peanut allergies
per year than from
acts of terrorism.
BEING STRUCK MY
LIGHTNING
An American is 250
times more likely to
be struck by
lightning than be
killed by terrorism.
A GUN IN THE HAND
OF A TODDLER
In 2013, 3 Americans
were killed in the
Boston Bombings. In
that same year, 5
Americans were killed
by toddlers accidentally
shooting a gun.
TEXTING WHILE
DRIVING
Texting while driving kills
6,000 annually in the US
alone.
FALLING OUT OF BED
Falling out of bed kills
450 annually in the US.
DO ALL MUSLIMS HOLD
EXTREMISTS VIEWS
Gallup study (2001-2007), 50,000 participants, 35 Muslim
countries, the only study of its kind.
 7% held radical views, 93% did not hold radical views and
gave political, not religious reasons, for their views.
 98.16% of Muslims are against violence directed towards
civilians based on this study.
STRENGTH OF ALL AL-QAEDA-
MINDED GROUPS COMBINED
 According to a report released in the US by Bipartisan
Policy Center Homeland Security Project: 85,000-106,000.
 Muslims around the world are 1.7 Billion.
 Their percentage out of the Muslim population is
0.005%.
 That equates to 1 individuals out of every 20,000.
IRRATIONAL FEAR (PINE BUSH
SCHOOL INCIDENT)
 March 19, 2015 the president of of the Student Assembly at Pine Bush
High School was instructed to read the Pledge of Allegiance in different
languages to promote diversity. His name was Zinc.
 The oath was recited in multiple languages.
 A Muslim student by name of Dana recited in Arabic.
 This caused an uproar amongst many students and their families
and they considered it insulting to those who lost their lives in the
Middle East and to Jews?. The student was harassed and called a
terrorist.
CONT. THE PINE BUSH
INCIDENT
 Protests broke out in the classrooms.
 The Superintendent said: “The reading divided the school in half”
 The school cancelled its foreign language week following the outrage and
banned Zinc from reading announcements for the rest of the year.
 The Principal had to apologize to those who found this action offensive.
 A similar scenario played out almost identically in Jan. 2013 at a high school
in Fort Collins, Colorado
VIOLA TION OF MUSLIM R IGHTS IN
W EST
 Media propagating anti-Muslim sentiment and Islamophobia.
 Media demonizing Muslims and raising public suspicion about
Muslims in the West.
 Increased infringement on civil liberties in the name of security.
 Governmental discrimination and prejudice against Muslims.
 Stereotyping and racial/ethnic profiling against Muslims.
 Muslims are viewed as guilty by association with this religion.
THEY MAKE IT SEEM AS
IF ONLY MUSLIMS
COMMIT ATROCITIES.
DO FACTS SUPPORT
THIS?
W E A LL A GR EE THA T BUR NING A
HUMA N BEING IS BA R BA R IC

W H A T W O U L D Y O U C A L L B U R N I N G O V E R
1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ( 7 5 - 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) P E O P L E I N O N E N I G H T ?
W H A T W O U L D Y O U C A L L D E P R I V I N G
C H I L D R E N O F F O O D , C L E A N W A T E R A N D
M E D I C I N E
 Sanctions on Iraq 1990-2003. The sanctions banned all trade and
financial resources.
 Multinational Interception Force was organized and led by the
United States to intercept, inspect and possibly impound vessels,
cargoes and crews suspected of carrying freight to or from Iraq.
 UNICEF reports 500,000 Iraqi children died as a direct result of
these sanctions. Lancet medical journal concluded the children
death toll was around 567,000.
W H A T D I D M A D E L I N E A L B R I G H T H AV E
TO S A Y A B O U T T H E S E D E A T H S
 In May of 1996, 60 Minutes aired an interview with Madeline Albright,
who at the time was Clinton"s UN Ambassador. Correspondent Leslie
Stahl said to Albright, "We have heard that a half million children
have died. I mean, that"s more children than died in Hiroshima.
And — and you know, is the price worth it?”
 Madeline Albright replied "I think this is a very hard choice, but
we think the price is worth it.”
IR A Q SA NCTIONS PROPHESIZED
 “There will come a time when no food or money will be
delivered to the people of Iraq” He was asked “ How could that
happen?” He replied “non-Arabs will impose sanctions on
them” then he said: “There will come a time when no money or
food will be delivered to the people of Sham (Syria)” We said to
him “ How could that happen?” He replied : “This will be
imposed by the Romans (People from European descent)”
COMMUNIST GENOCIDE
RWANDAN GENOCIDE
POSTER USED TO FUND WAR
AGAINST JAPAN
HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI
WORLD WARS
“W HEN A PROPHET SPEA KS IN THE
NA ME OF THE LOR D, IF THE WOR D
DOES NOT COME TO PASS OR COME
TRUE, THA T IS A WOR D THE LOR D
HA S NOT SPOKEN” (DEUTERONOMY
18:21)
“BUT THE PROPHET W HO PROPHESIES
PEACE WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS ONE
TRULY SENT BY THE LOR D ONLY IF
HIS PR EDICTIONS COME TRUE”
(J ER EMIA H 28:9)

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Islam and Extremism

  • 1. ISLAM AND ITS POSITION WITH REGARDS TO TERRORISM AND EXTREMISM Emad Salih
  • 2. ACCUSATIONS LEVELED AGAINST ISLAM AND MUSLIMS Islam is an inherently violent religion. Islam and Muslims are responsible for all the terrorist attacks in the world. Not all Muslims are terrorists but all terrorists are Muslims.
  • 3. IS ISLAM INHERENTLY VIOLENT?  Does Islam call for violence against civilians?  Does Islam call for violation of human rights?  Does Islam call for extremism?  Why does Islam not condemn terrorism and terrorist? To answer these questions we will have to examine the Islamic teachings that pertain to these topics.
  • 4. A R E M U S L I M S R E S P O N S I B L E F O R A L M O S T A L L T E R RO R I S T A T TA C K S I N T H E WO R L D ?  To answer this question, we will examine the following reports: 1-2014 EU Terrorism situation and trend report, prepared by Europol. 2-RAND (Research ANd Development Corporation): financed by the U.S. government with headquarters in Santa Monica, CA 3-Gallup studies(Gallup: An American research organization based in Washington DC providing research and strategic consulting to leaders and organizations based on data analysis) 4-Other studies prepared by renowned institutions.
  • 5. IS TER ROR ISM A ND VIOLENCE A T R A DEMA R K OF MUSLIMS? To answer this questions, we will have to examine historical and present day facts.  Present day facts will be represented in the results of the previously mentioned studies.  Some historical examples pertaining to this question will also be cited.
  • 6.  Biography of the Prophet  Islam’s teachings with regards to war, dealing with non-Muslims, human rights and universal values. EXAMINING ISLAMIC TEACHINGS  Who are those extremists?  Where do they get their ideas from?  What does Islam have to say about those views?  What does the word Jihad mean?
  • 8.  Born 570 AD  Raised as an orphan  Worked as a shepherd  Then as a merchant  Married at 25  Received message at 40  Died at 63 (23 year mission) PROPHET’S BIOGRAPHY  Quran (6236 verses, over 600 pages)  Prophetic teachings (300K)  120,000 disciples  Islam had spread to all of Arabia by time of his death
  • 9.  Belief in the one God  Belief in all Prophets  Belief in Angels  Belief in all previous books  Belief in God’s plan  Belief in the Afterlife ESSENCE OF THE MESSAGE  Testimony of faith  5 prayers a day  Fasting 1 month a year  Charity to those in need  Pilgrimage
  • 10. DOES ISLAM PROMOTE VIOLENCE  When is fighting allowed in Islam?  What are the rules of combat in Islam?  What does Islam teach toward dealing with non- Muslims?  What does Islam teach with regards to respecting human rights?
  • 12. IN SELF DEFENSE  “Permission to fight is given to those who have been fought against, because they were wronged and oppressed; and indeed, God is most able to give them victory; (they are) those who have been unjustly expelled from their homes without right, for no reason except that they say, "Our Lord is God.” (Quran 22:39-40)
  • 13. M U S L I M S C O M M A N D E D TO F I G H T O N LY T H O S E W H O F I G H T T H E M A N D TO B E G I N N O H O S T I L I T I E S “And fight in the way of Allah those who fight against you, but begin no hostilities. Surely, Allah does not love the aggressors” (Quran 2:190)
  • 14. FIGHTING TO FREE THE WEAK FROM OPPRESSION  “And why should you not fight in the way of God and for the sake of those who are weak, ill-treated, and oppressed? Men, Women, and Children, whose only cry is, "Oh our Lord! Rescue us from this town whose people are tyrants, and provide for us from you one who will protect us; and raise for us from you one who will help us!” (Quran 4:75)
  • 15. FIGHTING TO SECURE FREEDOM OF RELIGION  “For had it not been that Allah checks one set of people by means of another, monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques, wherein the Name of Allah is mentioned much would surely have been demolished. Verily, Allah will help those who help His (Cause). Truly, Allah is All-Strong, All- Mighty)” (Quran 22:40)
  • 16. WHAT ARE THE RULES OF COMBAT IN ISLAM?
  • 17. PROHIBITION OF TARGETING THE NON-COMBATANTS AND THE WEAK "I advise you ten things: Do not kill women or children or an aged, weak, injured, or sick person. Do not kill people in places of worship, do not behave cowardly…” (Prophet Mohamed)
  • 18. GIVING CHANCE FOR PEACE “But if your enemies incline towards peace, you should also incline towards peace. And trust in God! For He is the one who hears and knows all things.” (Quran8:61)
  • 19. PROHIBITION OF EXTREME MEASURES “Do not go to extremes, do not behave treacherously, mutilate their dead, or kill children” (Prophet Mohammed) “Do not cut or burn trees, do not destroy houses, do not kill animals” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 20. D E A L I N G W I T H P E O P L E F RO M OT H E R FA I T H S W H O A L L OW M U S L I M S TO L I V E I N P E A C E “Allah does not forbid you respecting those who have not waged war against you on account of your religion, and have not driven you out of your homes, that you treat them with kindness and deal with them justly; surely Allah loves those who are Just” Quran (60:8)
  • 21. CONT. DEALING WITH NON- MUSLIMS Al-Qarafi explains the meaning of “treat them with Kindness)” Showing gentleness towards the weak, providing clothing to cover them and soft speech. This must be done with affection and mercy, do so out of kindness towards them, not out of fear or financial reasons. Also, praying they receive guidance, advising them in all worldly and spiritual matters, protecting their reputation if they are exposed to slander, and defending their property, families, rights, and concerns. Assisting them against oppression and getting them their rights”
  • 22. DEA LING W ITH NON - MUSLIM MINOR ITIES "Beware! Whoever is cruel or harsh on a non- Muslim minority; curtails their rights, burdens them with more than they can bear, or takes anything from them against their free will; I will stand against him on the Day of Judgment” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 23. HUMAN RIGHTS IN ISLAM Freedom of religion Equality Justice and protection Islam and universal human values
  • 24. FREEDOM OF RELIGION  “Let there be no compulsion in religion” (Quran 2:256).  “To you is your religion, and to me is mine”(Quran 109:6).  “And say, "The truth is from your Lord, so whoever wills - let him believe; and whoever wills - let him disbelieve” (Quran 18:29)
  • 25. EQUALITY  "No Arab has any superiority over a non Arab, nor does a non-Arab have any superiority over an Arab. Nor does a white man have any superiority over a black man, or the black man have any superiority over the white man. You are all the children of Adam, & Adam was created from clay” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 26. JUSTICE & PROTECTION  “ To non-Muslims is the protection from Allah and the pledge on that from his prophet for their religion, places of worship, and all their properties. No Priest, Rabbi or Monk should be displaced from his position” (Prophet Mohammed)  “My Lord has prohibited me from being unfair towards anyone” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 27. ISLAM AND UNIVERSAL HUMAN VALUES  Mercy, compassion, and benevolence  Family values  Communal rights  Women’s rights  Islam’s call for Moderation and avoidance of extremism
  • 28. MERCY AND COMPASSION  “Who does not show mercy to others will not be shown mercy by Allah” (Prophet Mohammed).  “And I (Allah) have not sent you but as mercy to all mankind” (Quran 48:29).  “Show mercy to those on earth and the One above the heavens will show mercy to you” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 29. CARING FOR FAMILY  “And your Lord has decreed that you worship none but Him. And that you be dutiful to your parents” (Quran 17:23).  “Each of you is a shepherd and is responsible for his flock. The man is the shepherd of his family and he is responsible for his flock. The woman is the shepherd of her husband’s household and is responsible for her flock” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 30. CARING FOR OTHERS IN THE COMMUNITY  “Worship Allah and associate nothing with Him, and be kind to you parents, and to relatives, orphans, the needy, neighbors near and far, your friend who is by your side,……” (Quran 4:36)  “The one who is treacherous towards his neighbor is not a believer”, he repeated it three times. (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 31. THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN  “Women are the twin halves of men” (Prophet Mohammed)  “The best of you are those who are best to their wives” (Prophet Mohammed)  “I will accept no excuse if you violate the rights of the two weak ones; women and and orphans” (Prophet Mohammed)  On his death bed “I urge you by the name of all to respect the rights of women”
  • 32. ISLAM’S CALL FOR MODERATION  “Allah is gentle and loves gentleness in all affairs” (Prophet Mohammed).  “I warn you against going to extremes in religion” (Prophet Mohammed)  “I was sent with the gentle and moderate religion” (Prophet Mohammed).  “The extremists will be doomed” (Prophet Mohammed).
  • 33. SO, IF THIS IS WHAT ISLAM CALLS FOR, WHO ARE THOSE EXTREMISTS? WHO DO THEY REPRESENT? AND FROM WHERE DO THEY GET THEIR IDEAS?
  • 34. EXTREMIST OFFSHOOTS FROM ISLAM  Who are the Khawarij (Literally: Those who went out)? -The first group to exhibit extremist tendencies and the first sect to split out of Islam in the late 7th century. -Developed extreme doctrines that set them apart from mainstream Islam and Muslims. -Have fought against Muslim governments and shed the blood of Muslims generation after generation.
  • 35. WAS THE EMERGENCE OF THIS SECT PREDICTED AND PROPHESIZED BY THE PROPHET MOHAMMED?
  • 36. PROPHET MOHA MMED DESCR IBING THEM “There will come towards the end of time a group of people, young men with irrational thinking and lack of wisdom, they utter some of the most dazzling speeches but they will leave Islam like an arrow leaves its prey”
  • 37. AMAZING PROPHECY  Sahl Ibn Haneef said: "I heard the prophet say while pointing his hand towards Iraq: "There will appear some people who will recite the Quran but it will not go beyond their throats, and they will go out from the fold of Islam as an arrow darts through the game's body"
  • 38. ANOTHER PROPHECY ABOUT THE KHAWARIJ  “There will be internal strife and fighting in this nation of mine. And there will appear a certain group, their talk is sweet but their actions are awful, they recite the Quran but it does not go past their throat. They are worst of mankind and the whole creation”
  • 39. CONT. THE PROPHET FOR ETELLING THE EMERGENCE OF THIS EXTR EMIST SECT “They think the Quran is on their side but, in fact, it is against them” “Whenever a group of them rises it will be eradicated until the false messiah rises amongst them”
  • 40. CONT. THE PROPHET DESCR IBING KHAWA R IJ  “They are boastful about themselves and some people are amazed by them, they depart from Islam just like an arrow penetrates a prey”  “They call to the book of Allah but they have nothing to do with Allah”  “They will fight against the people of Islam”
  • 41. W H A T G O E S I N T H E M I N D S O F S U C H P E O P L E  “What I dread the most on you is a man who reads the Quran and is enlightened by it and becomes as asset of Islam and Muslims. He then disregards it and throws it behind his back and misinterprets it. He then picks up his sword and attacks his own neighbor and brands his neighbor with polytheism” Huzaifah asks the Prophet: “Who is the real polytheist in this situation the assailant or the victim” The Prophet replies “The assailant” (Prophet Mohammed)
  • 42.
  • 43. WHAT IS JIHAD  In Arabic: to strive and struggle  Various types of Jihad: 1- Jihad-Nafs: To strive for the betterment of your own moral conduct and character. 2- Jihad-Shaytan: To struggle against Satan and resist his evil whispering. 3-Jihad-Adu: To struggle against and invading enemy and external threat according to Islamic rules of combat.
  • 44. WHAT JIHAD IS NOT  Killing innocent civilians is not Jihad.  Wrecking havoc and disturbing communal peace is not Jihad.  Random acts of violence aimed at terrorizing others is not Jihad.
  • 45. WHAT JIHAD IS NOT  Fighting against a regime or government that permits freedom of religion and freedom of speech is not Jihad.  Violating Islamic rules of combat is not Jihad.  Terrorists should not be called Jihadists. Proper Jihad does not involve terrorism. Jihad should not be used to describe terrorists.
  • 46. DO STUDIES CONDUCTED BY WESTERN GOVERNMENTS SUPPORT THE CLAIM THAT MUSLIMS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR MOST TERRORIST ATTACKS?
  • 47. 2 0 1 4 E U T E R RO R I S M S I T UA T I O N A N D T R E N D R E P O RT, P R E PA R E D B Y E U RO P O L  In 2013, there were 152 terrorist attacks in the EU. Two of them were “religiously motivated.”  In 2012, there were 219 terrorist attacks in EU countries, six of them were “religiously motivated”.  In 2011, there were 174 terrorist attacks in EU countries none were “affiliated or inspired” by religious terrorist organizations.
  • 48. 2 0 1 4 E U T E R RO R I S M S I T UA T I O N A N D T R E N D R E P O RT, P R E PA R E D B Y E U RO P O L  2010, 249 terrorist attacks, three of them were considered by Europol to be “Islamist”  In 2009, of 294 terrorist attacks, only one was related to Islamist militancy.  Europol added the caveat, “Islamist terrorists still aim to cause mass casualties.”
  • 49.
  • 50. HOW COME W E HAVEN'T HEA R D A BOUT A LL THESE A TTA CKS?  The answer is simple; they were not carried out by the so called “Islamic Terrorist”.  Western media simply does not cover non-Muslim terror attacks with the same gusto. Stories about scary “others” play better.  Irrational fear of the spread of Islam has prompted some groups to launch a smear campaign of vilification of everything that relates to this religion and its adherent.
  • 51. MOST OF YOU PROBABLY NEVER HEARD OF THIS ONE EITHER  Feb.13,2015, Nova Scotia RCMP Commanding Officer, Brian Brennan reports that they have foiled a plot by 2 people to carry out a mass shooting at public venue to kill as many people as they can then kill themselves.  Brenan describes them as “A group of individuals with certain beliefs who are obsessed with killing and had many photos of mass killings”  He adds “There is nothing in the investigation to classify it as a terrorist attack”. He goes on “I can tell you it’s not culturally based”
  • 52. CONT. THE NOVA SCOTIA PLOT • The Plotter, James Gamble shot himself when the police surrounded his home. • How would have this incident been handled by the politicians, the media, and the Canadian public if the perpetrators had been Muslims?
  • 53. WHAT ABOUT TERRORIST ATTACKS ON US SOIL  According to a study released by Duke University and the University of North Carolina analyzing Terrorist Attacks on U.S. Soil by Group, From 1980 to 2005, According to FBI Database “the terrorist threat posed by radicalized Muslim- Americans has been exaggerated; only 6%”.
  • 54.
  • 55. WOULD THEY DARE SAY IT?  Using their defunct logic, would these right wingers dare say now that nearly all acts of terrorism are committed by Latinos and left wing groups?…they can’t; it would be political and social suicide to say such a thing. It would be politically incorrect and most Americans would shut down such talk as bigoted; yet, similar statements continue to be said of Islam and Muslims, without any repercussions.
  • 56. MEDIA DOUBLE STANDARDS  Yet notice the disparity in media coverage for attacks by these various groups and individuals. It would indeed be very interesting to construct a corresponding pie chart that depicts the level of media coverage of each group.  Yet, the media in the West continues to instill this irrational fear of radical Islam, a fear also propagated and inflamed by right wing Islamophobes.
  • 57.  Oct. 2014 attack by Martin Couture-Rouleau: Vehicular homicide, 1 RCMP officer killed.  Oct. 2014 Parliament Hill Attack by Michael Zehaf- Bibeau: 1 RCMP officer killed.  The June 2014 Moncton, NB Shootings: 3 RCMP killed and 2 injured by Justin Bourque.  The Mayerthorpe, AB Tragedy March 3, 2005: 4 RCMP officers killed by James Roszko. A N OT H E R E X A M P L E D O U B L E S TA N DA R D S B Y P O L I T I C I A N S A N D M E D I A These are terrorist attacks These are not
  • 58. RAND REPORT  RAND (Research ANd Development Corporation): financed by the U.S. government with headquarters in Santa Monica, CA  The report confirms that the threat of jihadist terrorism in the United States has been heavily exaggerated. The report documents and analyzes acts of terrorism in the U.S. from 9/11 to the end of 2009.
  • 59. CONT. RAND REPORT  The RAND report includes a time line of all acts of terrorism on U.S. soil committed by jihadists using FBI data.  Not a single civilian in the U.S. has been killed by jihadists since 9/11.  However, thirteen soldiers and one military-contracted ex- soldier were killed outside a military recruiting site (Little Rock recruiting office shooting) and on a military base (Fort Hood Shooting).
  • 60. CONT. RAND REPORT  Of the 83 terrorist attacks in the United States between 9/11 and the end of 2009, only three were clearly connected with the Jihadist cause i.e. 3.6% of all terrorist attacks on US soil.  Fifty of the 83 terrorist attacks were committed by environmental extremists and animal rights fanatics, “which account for most of the violence.” Five civilians were killed by the anthrax letters.
  • 61. CONT. RAND REPORT  There are more than 3 million Muslims in the US, and few more than 100 have joined jihad—about one out of every 30,000— suggesting an American Muslim population that remains hostile to jihadist ideology and its exhortations to violence.  A mistrust of American Muslims by other Americans seems misplaced.  Many of the jihadist recruits in the United States began their journey on the Internet.
  • 62. CONT. RAND REPORT  Many homegrown Jihadists are not-observant Muslims, but criminally inclined. They are often attracted to Jihadist ideologies due to the sense of adventure and thrill rather than religion or spirituality.  First line of defense to prevent terrorism are the relatives and close friends of the newly radicalized jihadist. Therefore, it is imperative to maintain the trust of the Muslim American community.
  • 63. INTERESTING NUMBERS  Charles Kurzman, a sociology professor at the University of North Carolina in his most recent report tracking Islamist militancy in America included this startling figure. “Since 9/11, Muslim-American terrorism has claimed 37 lives in the United States, out of more than 190,000 murders during this period.”
  • 64. 30,000 DEATH PER YEAR YET…  US Senate blocks a Gun-Control bill for stronger background checks for gun buyers. This reform was supported by >90% Americans and 56% of Senators. The Republicans blocked the vote claiming the bill violated the second amendment rights of law-abiding Americans.  Yet, the civil rights of over 5 million Muslims living in North America and 45 Million Muslims in Europe are pervasively violated because of some isolated terrorist attacks they have no connection with.
  • 65. BASED ON THE PREVIOUSLY QUOTED STUDIES, ONE CAN EASILY CONCLUDE THAT THERE ARE OTHER THINGS THAT CONSTITUTE A FAR BIGGER THREAT TO PEOPLE IN THE WEST THAN THE THREAT OF “ISLAMIC TERRORISM”
  • 66. PEANUTS Over 100 times as many Americans die of peanut allergies per year than from acts of terrorism.
  • 67. BEING STRUCK MY LIGHTNING An American is 250 times more likely to be struck by lightning than be killed by terrorism.
  • 68. A GUN IN THE HAND OF A TODDLER In 2013, 3 Americans were killed in the Boston Bombings. In that same year, 5 Americans were killed by toddlers accidentally shooting a gun.
  • 69. TEXTING WHILE DRIVING Texting while driving kills 6,000 annually in the US alone.
  • 70. FALLING OUT OF BED Falling out of bed kills 450 annually in the US.
  • 71. DO ALL MUSLIMS HOLD EXTREMISTS VIEWS Gallup study (2001-2007), 50,000 participants, 35 Muslim countries, the only study of its kind.  7% held radical views, 93% did not hold radical views and gave political, not religious reasons, for their views.  98.16% of Muslims are against violence directed towards civilians based on this study.
  • 72.
  • 73. STRENGTH OF ALL AL-QAEDA- MINDED GROUPS COMBINED  According to a report released in the US by Bipartisan Policy Center Homeland Security Project: 85,000-106,000.  Muslims around the world are 1.7 Billion.  Their percentage out of the Muslim population is 0.005%.  That equates to 1 individuals out of every 20,000.
  • 74. IRRATIONAL FEAR (PINE BUSH SCHOOL INCIDENT)  March 19, 2015 the president of of the Student Assembly at Pine Bush High School was instructed to read the Pledge of Allegiance in different languages to promote diversity. His name was Zinc.  The oath was recited in multiple languages.  A Muslim student by name of Dana recited in Arabic.  This caused an uproar amongst many students and their families and they considered it insulting to those who lost their lives in the Middle East and to Jews?. The student was harassed and called a terrorist.
  • 75. CONT. THE PINE BUSH INCIDENT  Protests broke out in the classrooms.  The Superintendent said: “The reading divided the school in half”  The school cancelled its foreign language week following the outrage and banned Zinc from reading announcements for the rest of the year.  The Principal had to apologize to those who found this action offensive.  A similar scenario played out almost identically in Jan. 2013 at a high school in Fort Collins, Colorado
  • 76. VIOLA TION OF MUSLIM R IGHTS IN W EST  Media propagating anti-Muslim sentiment and Islamophobia.  Media demonizing Muslims and raising public suspicion about Muslims in the West.  Increased infringement on civil liberties in the name of security.  Governmental discrimination and prejudice against Muslims.  Stereotyping and racial/ethnic profiling against Muslims.  Muslims are viewed as guilty by association with this religion.
  • 77. THEY MAKE IT SEEM AS IF ONLY MUSLIMS COMMIT ATROCITIES. DO FACTS SUPPORT THIS?
  • 78. W E A LL A GR EE THA T BUR NING A HUMA N BEING IS BA R BA R IC 
  • 79. W H A T W O U L D Y O U C A L L B U R N I N G O V E R 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ( 7 5 - 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ) P E O P L E I N O N E N I G H T ?
  • 80. W H A T W O U L D Y O U C A L L D E P R I V I N G C H I L D R E N O F F O O D , C L E A N W A T E R A N D M E D I C I N E  Sanctions on Iraq 1990-2003. The sanctions banned all trade and financial resources.  Multinational Interception Force was organized and led by the United States to intercept, inspect and possibly impound vessels, cargoes and crews suspected of carrying freight to or from Iraq.  UNICEF reports 500,000 Iraqi children died as a direct result of these sanctions. Lancet medical journal concluded the children death toll was around 567,000.
  • 81. W H A T D I D M A D E L I N E A L B R I G H T H AV E TO S A Y A B O U T T H E S E D E A T H S  In May of 1996, 60 Minutes aired an interview with Madeline Albright, who at the time was Clinton"s UN Ambassador. Correspondent Leslie Stahl said to Albright, "We have heard that a half million children have died. I mean, that"s more children than died in Hiroshima. And — and you know, is the price worth it?”  Madeline Albright replied "I think this is a very hard choice, but we think the price is worth it.”
  • 82. IR A Q SA NCTIONS PROPHESIZED  “There will come a time when no food or money will be delivered to the people of Iraq” He was asked “ How could that happen?” He replied “non-Arabs will impose sanctions on them” then he said: “There will come a time when no money or food will be delivered to the people of Sham (Syria)” We said to him “ How could that happen?” He replied : “This will be imposed by the Romans (People from European descent)”
  • 85. POSTER USED TO FUND WAR AGAINST JAPAN
  • 88. “W HEN A PROPHET SPEA KS IN THE NA ME OF THE LOR D, IF THE WOR D DOES NOT COME TO PASS OR COME TRUE, THA T IS A WOR D THE LOR D HA S NOT SPOKEN” (DEUTERONOMY 18:21) “BUT THE PROPHET W HO PROPHESIES PEACE WILL BE RECOGNIZED AS ONE TRULY SENT BY THE LOR D ONLY IF HIS PR EDICTIONS COME TRUE” (J ER EMIA H 28:9)

Editor's Notes

  1. Al-Qarafi: A well renowned classic Muslim Scholar from the 13th Century CE This is exactly what the prophet did in Madinah
  2. Part of the constitution laid by the prophet and his successors
  3. Extreme interpretations, explaining verses out of context, narrow-minded, driven by zeal and blood thirst no by firm Islamic knowledge, destroying anyone who rejects their sick and extreme doctrine. Accordingly their number one enemy is the main-stream Muslims. They fight to create anarchy and chaos which enables them to thrive.
  4. Indicating their lack of understanding of the nature and deep teaching of this religion and that their actions go totally against the teachings of Islam
  5. A study by the International Center for the study of Radicalization ICSR
  6. Taking care of you parents and pilgrimage was called Jihad.
  7. 2014 EU Terrorism situation and trend report, prepared by Europol(Interpol)
  8. World Muslim population 200 Million 1900, over 500 million in 1970s, over 1 billion 2000, now close to 1.7 billion
  9. 19 yr old James Gamble of Halifax and 23 yr old lady from Illinois
  10. FBI’s official website, there exists a chronological list of all terrorist attacks committed on U.S. soil from the year 1980 all the way to 2005
  11. Islamophobes claim that Islam is intrinsically a terrorist religion.  The proof?  Well, just about every terrorist attack is Islamic, they retort.  Unfortunately for them, that’s not quite true.  More like six percent.
  12. In Canada 2 extremist attacks, by 2 individuals. A handful have been reported to have traveled to Syria for Jihad. out of 1.2 Million Muslims living in Canada
  13. 2-3-15: ISIS burns Jordanian Pilot Kasaasbeh.
  14. Tokyo firebombing, Operation Meetinghouse air raid of 9–10 March 1945 was later estimated to be the single most destructive bombing raid in history jelled-gasoline and white phosphorus bomb which ignited upon impact, Napalm bombs. Total 1665 tons
  15. Per Capita income dropped from $3510 in 1989 to $450 in 1996
  16. 85-100 million (Joseph Stalin, mao Zedong, Pol Pot leader of Khmer Rouge)
  17. Over a million in 100 days
  18. 90,000-166,000 Hiroshima Nagasaki 39-80 thousand
  19. 40-85 million WW2 15-65 million WW1