The document provides information about accounting processes and procedures. It discusses transactions and events recorded in the general ledger. It describes different types of vouchers like supporting, journal, receipt, and payment vouchers. It also explains steps to prepare journal entries and the utility and limitations of journals. Furthermore, it discusses subsidiary books, ledger, trial balance and various financial statements like trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet. It provides details about preparing bank reconciliation statements and their benefits.
The accounting cycle refers to the complete sequence of accounting procedures that are repeated during each accounting period. It begins with recording transactions and ends with preparing financial statements. The key steps in the accounting cycle are: 1) analyzing transactions, 2) journalizing transactions, 3) posting to ledger accounts, 4) preparing a trial balance, and 5) preparing financial statements.
Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions. It involves identifying transactions, recording them in journals, posting them to ledgers, and preparing trial balances and financial statements. The key types of accounts are personal, real, and nominal accounts which follow the golden rules of debit/credit. Subsidiary books like cash books, purchase books, and sales books are used to record regular transactions to ease the accounting process.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts. It defines accounts, accounting, transactions, the journal, voucher, posting, accounting periods, trial balance, and the three basic financial statements. It also describes assets, liabilities, debtors, creditors, sales, purchases, payments, receipts, the steps of accounting, and the golden rules of accounts. Key terms like expenses, incomes, direct expenses, direct incomes, indirect expenses, and indirect incomes are also defined in relation to accounting entries and the trial balance.
The document discusses the books of accounts used by companies to record their financial transactions. It describes the two major books as journals, where transactions are initially recorded, and ledgers, where journal entries are posted to individual accounts. Specifically, it explains the general journal for recording all transactions chronologically, and the general ledger containing all asset, liability and equity accounts with their balances over time. The books of accounts serve as the company's financial records and are crucial for decision making, performance analysis, and regulatory compliance.
The accounting cycle describes the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing business transactions. It involves sourcing documents, recording transactions in a journal, posting entries to ledgers, preparing a trial balance, and ultimately generating financial statements including a trading and profit/loss account and balance sheet. These steps ensure accuracy and equality between debits and credits.
The accounting cycle document describes the key steps in the accounting process. It involves recording transactions in daybooks, posting to ledgers, extracting a trial balance, and making adjustments. The main steps are:
1) Recording transactions in daybooks according to the type of transaction
2) Posting to the sales, purchases, and general ledgers
3) Extracting a trial balance to check the double entry system
4) Making closing entries and adjustments at the fiscal year end
The document provides information about accounting processes and procedures. It discusses transactions and events recorded in the general ledger. It describes different types of vouchers like supporting, journal, receipt, and payment vouchers. It also explains steps to prepare journal entries and the utility and limitations of journals. Furthermore, it discusses subsidiary books, ledger, trial balance and various financial statements like trading account, profit and loss account and balance sheet. It provides details about preparing bank reconciliation statements and their benefits.
The accounting cycle refers to the complete sequence of accounting procedures that are repeated during each accounting period. It begins with recording transactions and ends with preparing financial statements. The key steps in the accounting cycle are: 1) analyzing transactions, 2) journalizing transactions, 3) posting to ledger accounts, 4) preparing a trial balance, and 5) preparing financial statements.
Accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions. It involves identifying transactions, recording them in journals, posting them to ledgers, and preparing trial balances and financial statements. The key types of accounts are personal, real, and nominal accounts which follow the golden rules of debit/credit. Subsidiary books like cash books, purchase books, and sales books are used to record regular transactions to ease the accounting process.
This document provides an overview of key accounting concepts. It defines accounts, accounting, transactions, the journal, voucher, posting, accounting periods, trial balance, and the three basic financial statements. It also describes assets, liabilities, debtors, creditors, sales, purchases, payments, receipts, the steps of accounting, and the golden rules of accounts. Key terms like expenses, incomes, direct expenses, direct incomes, indirect expenses, and indirect incomes are also defined in relation to accounting entries and the trial balance.
The document discusses the books of accounts used by companies to record their financial transactions. It describes the two major books as journals, where transactions are initially recorded, and ledgers, where journal entries are posted to individual accounts. Specifically, it explains the general journal for recording all transactions chronologically, and the general ledger containing all asset, liability and equity accounts with their balances over time. The books of accounts serve as the company's financial records and are crucial for decision making, performance analysis, and regulatory compliance.
The accounting cycle describes the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing business transactions. It involves sourcing documents, recording transactions in a journal, posting entries to ledgers, preparing a trial balance, and ultimately generating financial statements including a trading and profit/loss account and balance sheet. These steps ensure accuracy and equality between debits and credits.
The accounting cycle document describes the key steps in the accounting process. It involves recording transactions in daybooks, posting to ledgers, extracting a trial balance, and making adjustments. The main steps are:
1) Recording transactions in daybooks according to the type of transaction
2) Posting to the sales, purchases, and general ledgers
3) Extracting a trial balance to check the double entry system
4) Making closing entries and adjustments at the fiscal year end
This document discusses source documents and accounting journals. It defines source documents as the original records of transactions, such as invoices and receipts. It describes the purpose and contents of accounting journals, which record debit and credit entries in chronological order. Journals include explanations of transactions and cross-references to source documents for verification. The different types of specialized journals are outlined.
This presentation defines key accounting concepts and outlines the accounting cycle. It introduces fixed and current assets, as well as real and nominal accounts. Fixed assets are used over multiple periods while current assets are consumed within one year. Real accounts always carry a balance while nominal accounts close each period. The accounting cycle is explained in seven steps: recording transactions from source documents, journalizing, posting to ledgers, preparing trial balances, making adjusting entries, closing accounts, and producing financial statements. Debits increase assets and expenses, while credits increase capital, liabilities, and revenues.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. The commonly used special journals are:
- Cash Receipts Journal
- Cash Disbursements Journal
- Sales Journal (Sales on Account Journal)
- Purchase Journal (Purchase on Account Journal)
2. Companies use special journals to record voluminous similar transactions efficiently. It prevents congestion that may occur if similar transactions are recorded repeatedly in the general journal.
3.
a) Cash Receipts Journal
b) Sales Journal
c) Purchase Journal
d) Cash Disbursements Journal
Book keeping basic concept: - raju mba 4semsridharvraju
The document discusses the basic concepts of book keeping and accounting. It explains that book keeping involves systematically recording business transactions, while accounting builds on book keeping by analyzing records to prepare financial statements and interpret financial results. The key principles of accounting include the money measurement concept, business entity concept, going concern concept, and matching concept. Financial statements like the manufacturing account, trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet are prepared according to accounting principles and concepts.
- Two major books of accounts are the journal and ledger. The journal records transactions in chronological order while the ledger summarizes journal entries and is used to prepare financial statements.
- There are general and special journals. The general journal records all transactions while special journals are used for specific, recurring transactions like cash, sales, purchases.
- The general ledger summarizes all account activities and subsidiary ledgers contain detailed records of general ledger accounts.
This slide is all about accounting. such as
accounting cycle,Business, Proprietor,Capital, Drawings, Purchase, Purchases returns,Sales,Sales returns,Trade discount,Cash discount,Commission,Expense,Debtor (Account Receivable),Creditor,Assets,Liabilities,Stock (Inventory),Equity,Types of equity,Definition of Accounting,Types of equity,Financial Accounting,Cost Accounting,Management Accounting,Functions of Accounting
this slide is all about accounting such as It includes any activity undertaken for the purpose of earning profit e.g:
Banking business
An insurance business
A merchandise business etc
The amount with which the trader starts his business or the amount which is actually invested in the business at any given time is known as capital. This is the owners financial interest or holding in the business and is represents by the value of net assets.
Goods purchased are called purchases. When the goods are purchased for cash they are called cash purchases but if they are purchased for which payment will have to be made at some future date it is known as credit purchases.
It is a rebate or allowance from the scheduled price granted by the seller to the buyer.
Trade discount is usually granted in the following circumstances:
When selling to a fellow trader
When the buyer is an old customer
When sales are made in bulk.
As a custom of trade.
It is deduction or allowance allowed by the creditor to a debtor. If a person pays his debt before the due date of payment the receipt may grant him an allowance for doing so. This allowance is known as cash discount.Accounting cycle
The document discusses the accounting cycle which includes recording transactions, classifying entries in ledger accounts, and summarizing accounts to prepare financial statements. It provides details on steps like journalizing, posting to ledger accounts, preparing a trial balance to check the accuracy of the ledger, and rules for balancing accounts. The accounting cycle ensures all business transactions are recorded and reported in a systematic manner.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in finance and accounting, including:
1. It defines financial accounting as the process of recording business transactions and preparing financial statements like the income statement and balance sheet.
2. Accounting principles and concepts are discussed, such as the business entity concept and matching principle. Conventions like conservatism are also covered.
3. Basic bookkeeping elements are introduced, including journals, ledgers, trial balances, and how final accounts like trading, profit and loss, and balance sheets are prepared.
4. The document distinguishes between financial and management accounting.
5. Cost accounting concepts are outlined, including different types of costs, cost statements, work-
This document discusses the accounting cycle and key accounting documents and processes. It covers source documents like invoices and receipts, accounting journals that record transactions chronologically, T-accounts that make up the general ledger, balancing T-accounts, the trial balance process, and the four main financial statements: the income statement, statement of owner's equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
The document describes the accounting process and books of accounts. It outlines the key source documents used in business like invoices, credit/debit notes, payment vouchers, and receipts. These source documents are sorted into prime books like the general journal, sales journal, purchases journal, returns journals, and cash book. The general journal records items like asset purchases/sales and errors. The sales and purchases journals list credit sales and purchases. The returns journals record returned goods. The cash book combines the cash and bank accounts.
INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING, Accounting Information System, Accounting Transaction, Accounting Transactions andaccounting equations, Double Entry System, Journal - The Book of Original Entry, Ledger & Trial Balance.
The document outlines the key duties and attributes of an accounts office clerk. The duties include preparing payroll, writing cheques, reconciling accounts, making ledger entries, preparing statements of account, writing up the cash book, and preparing final accounts. Important attributes for the role are integrity, confidentiality, and reliability. Accounts clerks are responsible for accurately maintaining financial records and informing management of any findings.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts including the accounting equation, accounting activities and users, accounting principles and assumptions, and the accounting cycle. It discusses how accounting records business transactions using debits and credits in journals and ledgers. It also covers adjusting entries, preparing financial statements, and accounting for merchandising operations including perpetual and periodic inventory systems.
Bookkeeping and accountancy are related but distinct concepts. Bookkeeping involves systematically recording business transactions in primary accounting books. It provides the source data for accountancy. Accountancy analyzes and interprets the bookkeeping records to prepare financial statements and reports that evaluate business performance and financial position. The key objectives of accountancy are to determine profit or loss, assess the financial position of the business, and provide information to stakeholders like managers, investors and the government.
Bookkeeping and accountancy are related but distinct concepts. Bookkeeping involves systematically recording business transactions in primary accounting books. It provides the source data for accountancy. Accountancy analyzes and interprets the bookkeeping records to prepare financial statements and reports that evaluate business performance and financial position. The key objectives of accountancy are to determine profit or loss, assess the financial position of the business, and provide information to stakeholders like managers, investors and the government.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in bookkeeping and accounting. It defines bookkeeping as recording business transactions in an organized manner. The double-entry system is described as recording each transaction with two entries, one as a debit and one as a credit. Advantages of the double-entry system include ensuring accuracy, enabling calculation of profits, and preventing fraud. Disadvantages include the cost and complexity of maintaining multiple accounting records.
Financial accounting mgt101 power point slides lecture 06Abdul Wadood Ansary
This document discusses the basic accounting process and books of accounts. It explains that transactions are first recorded in vouchers and then the general journal. The general journal records are then posted to individual accounts in the general ledger. The general ledger contains T-accounts for each ledger account, where debits and credits from transactions are recorded. The balance of each ledger account, which is the difference between total debits and credits, represents the net amount for that account.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This document discusses source documents and accounting journals. It defines source documents as the original records of transactions, such as invoices and receipts. It describes the purpose and contents of accounting journals, which record debit and credit entries in chronological order. Journals include explanations of transactions and cross-references to source documents for verification. The different types of specialized journals are outlined.
This presentation defines key accounting concepts and outlines the accounting cycle. It introduces fixed and current assets, as well as real and nominal accounts. Fixed assets are used over multiple periods while current assets are consumed within one year. Real accounts always carry a balance while nominal accounts close each period. The accounting cycle is explained in seven steps: recording transactions from source documents, journalizing, posting to ledgers, preparing trial balances, making adjusting entries, closing accounts, and producing financial statements. Debits increase assets and expenses, while credits increase capital, liabilities, and revenues.
Here are the answers to the quiz questions:
1. The commonly used special journals are:
- Cash Receipts Journal
- Cash Disbursements Journal
- Sales Journal (Sales on Account Journal)
- Purchase Journal (Purchase on Account Journal)
2. Companies use special journals to record voluminous similar transactions efficiently. It prevents congestion that may occur if similar transactions are recorded repeatedly in the general journal.
3.
a) Cash Receipts Journal
b) Sales Journal
c) Purchase Journal
d) Cash Disbursements Journal
Book keeping basic concept: - raju mba 4semsridharvraju
The document discusses the basic concepts of book keeping and accounting. It explains that book keeping involves systematically recording business transactions, while accounting builds on book keeping by analyzing records to prepare financial statements and interpret financial results. The key principles of accounting include the money measurement concept, business entity concept, going concern concept, and matching concept. Financial statements like the manufacturing account, trading account, profit and loss account, and balance sheet are prepared according to accounting principles and concepts.
- Two major books of accounts are the journal and ledger. The journal records transactions in chronological order while the ledger summarizes journal entries and is used to prepare financial statements.
- There are general and special journals. The general journal records all transactions while special journals are used for specific, recurring transactions like cash, sales, purchases.
- The general ledger summarizes all account activities and subsidiary ledgers contain detailed records of general ledger accounts.
This slide is all about accounting. such as
accounting cycle,Business, Proprietor,Capital, Drawings, Purchase, Purchases returns,Sales,Sales returns,Trade discount,Cash discount,Commission,Expense,Debtor (Account Receivable),Creditor,Assets,Liabilities,Stock (Inventory),Equity,Types of equity,Definition of Accounting,Types of equity,Financial Accounting,Cost Accounting,Management Accounting,Functions of Accounting
this slide is all about accounting such as It includes any activity undertaken for the purpose of earning profit e.g:
Banking business
An insurance business
A merchandise business etc
The amount with which the trader starts his business or the amount which is actually invested in the business at any given time is known as capital. This is the owners financial interest or holding in the business and is represents by the value of net assets.
Goods purchased are called purchases. When the goods are purchased for cash they are called cash purchases but if they are purchased for which payment will have to be made at some future date it is known as credit purchases.
It is a rebate or allowance from the scheduled price granted by the seller to the buyer.
Trade discount is usually granted in the following circumstances:
When selling to a fellow trader
When the buyer is an old customer
When sales are made in bulk.
As a custom of trade.
It is deduction or allowance allowed by the creditor to a debtor. If a person pays his debt before the due date of payment the receipt may grant him an allowance for doing so. This allowance is known as cash discount.Accounting cycle
The document discusses the accounting cycle which includes recording transactions, classifying entries in ledger accounts, and summarizing accounts to prepare financial statements. It provides details on steps like journalizing, posting to ledger accounts, preparing a trial balance to check the accuracy of the ledger, and rules for balancing accounts. The accounting cycle ensures all business transactions are recorded and reported in a systematic manner.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in finance and accounting, including:
1. It defines financial accounting as the process of recording business transactions and preparing financial statements like the income statement and balance sheet.
2. Accounting principles and concepts are discussed, such as the business entity concept and matching principle. Conventions like conservatism are also covered.
3. Basic bookkeeping elements are introduced, including journals, ledgers, trial balances, and how final accounts like trading, profit and loss, and balance sheets are prepared.
4. The document distinguishes between financial and management accounting.
5. Cost accounting concepts are outlined, including different types of costs, cost statements, work-
This document discusses the accounting cycle and key accounting documents and processes. It covers source documents like invoices and receipts, accounting journals that record transactions chronologically, T-accounts that make up the general ledger, balancing T-accounts, the trial balance process, and the four main financial statements: the income statement, statement of owner's equity, balance sheet, and statement of cash flows.
The document describes the accounting process and books of accounts. It outlines the key source documents used in business like invoices, credit/debit notes, payment vouchers, and receipts. These source documents are sorted into prime books like the general journal, sales journal, purchases journal, returns journals, and cash book. The general journal records items like asset purchases/sales and errors. The sales and purchases journals list credit sales and purchases. The returns journals record returned goods. The cash book combines the cash and bank accounts.
INTRODUCTION TO ACCOUNTING, Accounting Information System, Accounting Transaction, Accounting Transactions andaccounting equations, Double Entry System, Journal - The Book of Original Entry, Ledger & Trial Balance.
The document outlines the key duties and attributes of an accounts office clerk. The duties include preparing payroll, writing cheques, reconciling accounts, making ledger entries, preparing statements of account, writing up the cash book, and preparing final accounts. Important attributes for the role are integrity, confidentiality, and reliability. Accounts clerks are responsible for accurately maintaining financial records and informing management of any findings.
This document provides an overview of accounting concepts including the accounting equation, accounting activities and users, accounting principles and assumptions, and the accounting cycle. It discusses how accounting records business transactions using debits and credits in journals and ledgers. It also covers adjusting entries, preparing financial statements, and accounting for merchandising operations including perpetual and periodic inventory systems.
Bookkeeping and accountancy are related but distinct concepts. Bookkeeping involves systematically recording business transactions in primary accounting books. It provides the source data for accountancy. Accountancy analyzes and interprets the bookkeeping records to prepare financial statements and reports that evaluate business performance and financial position. The key objectives of accountancy are to determine profit or loss, assess the financial position of the business, and provide information to stakeholders like managers, investors and the government.
Bookkeeping and accountancy are related but distinct concepts. Bookkeeping involves systematically recording business transactions in primary accounting books. It provides the source data for accountancy. Accountancy analyzes and interprets the bookkeeping records to prepare financial statements and reports that evaluate business performance and financial position. The key objectives of accountancy are to determine profit or loss, assess the financial position of the business, and provide information to stakeholders like managers, investors and the government.
This document provides definitions and explanations of key concepts in bookkeeping and accounting. It defines bookkeeping as recording business transactions in an organized manner. The double-entry system is described as recording each transaction with two entries, one as a debit and one as a credit. Advantages of the double-entry system include ensuring accuracy, enabling calculation of profits, and preventing fraud. Disadvantages include the cost and complexity of maintaining multiple accounting records.
Financial accounting mgt101 power point slides lecture 06Abdul Wadood Ansary
This document discusses the basic accounting process and books of accounts. It explains that transactions are first recorded in vouchers and then the general journal. The general journal records are then posted to individual accounts in the general ledger. The general ledger contains T-accounts for each ledger account, where debits and credits from transactions are recorded. The balance of each ledger account, which is the difference between total debits and credits, represents the net amount for that account.
Similar to FAR110 Financial Accounting Cycle.pdf (20)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
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4. Far110-hh
4
ACCOUNTING
CYCLE
• The accounting cycle refers to the specific tasks in completing the
accounting process
• The length of accounting cycle can be monthly, quarterly, semi-
annually or yearly.
5. Far110-hh
5
SOURCE
DOCUMENTS
• All business transactions must be identified and analysed from
source documents.
• Source documents are very important as they provide:
- information for recording transactions
- evidence of transactions for auditing purposes
6. Far110-hh
6
Examples – source
documents
• Invoice
This document is prepared when goods are sold or purchased on
credit. The purpose is to inform buyer of the amount to pay for goods
and services supplied. The buyer will refer this document as
purchase invoice. The seller will refer this document as sales invoice.
• Cash Memo/Cash Bill
Cash memo/cash bill is prepared when goods are sold or purchased
for cash.
7. Far110-hh
7
Examples – source
documents
• Payment Voucher
It is an evidence of payment to a named party.
• Receipt
Receipt is issued to the customer after receiving cash
or cheque from customers as a proof of receiving
payment.
• Pay in Slip/ Deposit Slip/Bank-in slips
This is a form available from the bank for depositing
cash or cheque in a bank account.
• Cheque Counterfoil
A record of amount paid by cheque.
8. Far110-hh
8
Journals
• These are the first books where the business transactions are
recorded.
• Also known as the books of original entry, prime entry books.
• Types of journals:
• General Journal
• Sales Journal (to record sales on credit)
• Purchases Journal (to record purchases on credit)
• Sales Return Journal (Return Inward Journal) [to record goods return by credit
customers]
• Purchases Return Journal (Return Outward Journal) [to record goods return to
credit supplier]
• Cash Receipts Journal (to record all receipts; cash and cheques)
• Cash Payments Journal (to record all payments; cash and cheques)
9. Far110-hh
9
Ledgers
• A book that contains various accounts.
• Information in journals is transferred to ledgers. [This
process is called ‘posting’]
10. Far110-hh 10
Trial Balance
• A trial balance is a list of all ledger accounts with balances
at a particular date.
11. Far110-hh 11
Adjustments,
Adjusted Trial Balance
• Accounting adjustments are made at the end of the
accounting period
• Adjusted Trial Balance is prepared after adjustments
to accounts were made.
12. Far110-hh
12
Financial
Statements
• Consists of:
• Statement of profit or loss [show the expenses,
revenues, profit or loss]
• Statement of financial position [show the assets,
liabilities and equity at a particular date]