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オールFX
2年
研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Human Reading&Annotation Research
消える注釈 (Fading Annotation)
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2016年02月01日
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
TWO DIFFERENT PURPOSES OF ANNOTATIONS
For later use For current activity
Permanent annotation Temporal annotation
Personal ideas
Comments and opinions
Key sentences
Segments of sentences
Remaining permanent information Help understanding, focusing, comparing…
Key words
Confused words, pointing…
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
EXAMPLES FOR TEMPORAL ANNOTATION 1
Segmenting long sentences helps us understand the text in the reading process.
But actually we don’t need these marks anymore after understanding the text.
They don’t keep any important information but will distract us from reading.
An abstract of one paper:
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2016年02月01日
Underline or circle text help keep some key words or confused words for referring
to later.
Some people even like pointing to text when read books or news to keep focus.
When read on the tablet we can also do such thing with a digital pen, but it will
cause unwanted lines. If temporal annotation is available, it will be right ok as all
inks fading.
EXAMPLES FOR TEMPORAL ANNOTATION 2
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Current pens(including analog pens and digital pens) support only
the former annotation, no trials to support the later annotation
MY EXPERIENCE AND FACTS
FACTS
EXPERIENCE
When I read English articles on paper or on a tablet, I usually make many
annotations. I realize that most of them are temporal annotations.
Too much annotations on the page causes a mess, I hesitate to use my pen
and feel not so free.
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
I would like to change the current framework of pen, role of pen, paradigm of writing
• Annotation style would be changed
• The amount of annotation would increase
• Better understanding of documents
• Users can write anything they like
If the temporal pen is provided:
The opportunity of temporal annotation is larger than that of permanent annotation.
If users write all permanent annotation, documents would become noisy. When users
want to write something, they are compelled to judge if it is used later.
HYPOTHESIS
Current pens
• All information is permanent
• Need to use eraser if users
want to erase
Temporal-ink pens
• All information is temporal,
they are fading
• Need to specify if users want
to make them permanent
COMPARISON
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
FADING INK
History management
Fading speed Tap/Double-tap
We developed a pdf reader with the concept of fading
ink. Users can use digital pen to write annotation, and
these annotations will be fading over time until
disappeared.
Mode switch
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Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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オールFX
2年
研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Experiment
Compare fading ink and normal ink
• Fading ink mode x Normal ink mode
• 3 Articles: practice 1, fading ink 1. normal ink 1
• 3 Japanese participants
• Task: memorize a one page Japanese article
• Fill in 20 key words in the article
• Subjective evaluation and interview
• About 50 min
 Memorizing experiment
• Fading ink mode x Normal ink mode
• 3 Articles: practice 1, fading ink 1. normal ink 1
• 6 participants (3 Chinese and 3 Japanese)
• Task: mead a two page English article deeply
• Answer fact & Idea questions and main events
• Subjective evaluation and interview
• About 60 min
 Reading experiment
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduce practice
Reading Article
1
Answer
questions
Reading Article
2
Answer
questions
Questionnaire Interview
Experiment Flow
 Data collection
annotation, tap/double-tap and operation time are logged, The annotations made are saved with the
documents.
Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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オールFX
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Facts
• Reading and making annotations on touchpad is a new experience to participants. Most of them use Kindle to read
but Kindle don’t have annotation function.
• Kinds of annotations: segments of sentence, Confused words, Key words or sentences, Summary of main idea or
structure, Pointing to text, Practice of words
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Reading exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with fading
ink
Memorizing exp. with normal
ink
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Facts
• Reading and making annotations on touchpad is a
new experience to participants. Most of them use
Kindle to read but Kindle don’t have annotation
function.
• Kinds of annotations:
1. segments of sentence
2. Confused words
3. Key words or sentences
4. Summary of main idea or structure
5. Pointing to text
6. Practice of words
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
One sample of reading experiment
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
samples
Reading exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with normal ink
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Annotation number&score
• More annotations, higher score
0
50
100
150
200
250
User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6
Annots num of reading test
fading annots num normal annots num
0
2
4
6
8
10
User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6
Score of reading test
fading ink score normal ink score
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
User 5 user 6 User7
Annots num of memorizing test
fading annots num normal annots num
0
5
10
15
User 5 user 6 User 7
Score of memorizing test
fading ink score normal ink score
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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作 成 日 :
オールFX
2年
研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Annotation number
• annotations number(normal ink) < 50, normal ink > fading ink
• annotations number(normal ink) >> 50, normal ink < fading ink
0
50
100
150
200
250
User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6
Annots num of reading test
fading annots num normal annots num
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
User 5 user 6 User 7
Annots num of memorizing test
fading annots num normal annots num
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Subjective evaluation
• Reading test comfortability: normal ink > fading ink
• Memorizing test comfortably: fading ink > normal ink
• People think they will get higher score with normal ink
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
1. You could get a higher score
in:
2. You could perform the task
comfortability in:
Subjective evaluation of reading test
normal ink fading ink
0 1 2 3 4 5
You wrote a lot.
You can get a higher score.
You could perform the task
comfortably.
Subjective evaluation of memorizing test
normal ink fading ink
Reading test
• Less annotations
• read one time
Memorizing test
• more annotations
• read more than one
time
Fading ink
• Annots having been
made
• Read again
• Much annotations
Normal ink
• Being making annots
• Firstly read
• Less annotations
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2016年02月01日
Results
Fading ink vs Normal ink
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mode Advantages Disadvantages
Fading ink
1. Feel free to write
2. Clear to read
3. Can make new annotations on
limited space
4. Interesting experience
1. Nervous about disappearing
annotations
2. Fading speed is not suitable
3. Double-tap is hard to use
4. Can’t realize fading when
reading
Normal ink
1. Simple, don’t need to do
selection
2. Feel safe comparing to fading
ink
1. Make page dirty
2. Can’t write annotations on
limited space.
Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Results
Fading ink vs Normal ink
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Mode Advantages Disadvantages
Fading ink
1. Feel free to write
2. Clear to read
3. Can make new annotations on
limited space
4. Interesting experience
1. Nervous about disappearing
annotations
2. Fading speed is not suitable
3. Double-tap is hard to use
4. Can’t realize fading when reading
Normal ink
1. Simple, don’t need to do selection
2. Feel safe comparing to fading ink
1. Make page dirty
2. Can’t write annotations on limited
space.
Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only
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研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ
2016年02月01日
Next Step
System improvement & main experiment
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
• Overview
• Combine annotations by space and time
• Annotation history management
System improvement
1
• Subjects: 日本人12-20人
• Two experiment: reading & memorizing(2人1日同時に)
• Two mode: fading ink X normal ink
• Totally time: about 135 min
• Date: from 6月28日
• ビデオなし
Main experiment
2
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2016年02月01日
Next Step
System improvement & main experiment
© 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
• 2 mode: fading ink, normal ink
• Articles: practice 1, fading ink 2,
normal ink 2
• Task: reading a 3-page English
article deeply and answer questions.
• 10 right or wrong questions which
need a good understanding of the
article.
• The time is limited for 15min.
• Total time is 75min
Exp.1 Reading experiment
• 2 mode: fading ink, normal ink
• Articles: practice 1, fading ink 2,
normal ink 2
• Task: reading and memorizing a 1-
page Japanese article and answer
questions.
• Fill in key words of the article
• The time is limited for 10min.
• Total time is 60min
Exp.2 Memorizing experiment
Introduce practice
Reading Article
1
Answer
questions
Reading Article
2
Answer
questions
Questionnaire Interview
教育基本法
第 一 条 教 育 は 、 _________ の 完 成 を 目 指 し 、 _________ で
_________な国家及び社会の形成者として必要な資質を備えた
_________ともに健康な国民の育成を期して行われなければならな
い。
第二条 教育は、その目的を実現するため、_________の自由を尊
重しつつ、次に掲げる目標を達成するよう行われるものとする。
一 幅広い知識と_________を身に付け、_________を求める態度
を養い、豊かな情操と_________を培うとともに、健やかな身体を
養うこと。
二 個人の_________を尊重して、その能力を伸ばし、_________
を培い、自主及び_________の精神を養うとともに、職業及び生活
との関連を重視し、_________を重んずる態度を養うこと。
三 正義と_________、男女の平等、自他の_________と協力を重
んずるとともに、公共の精神に基づき、主体的に社会の形成に参画
し、その発展に寄与する態度を養うこと。
四 生命を尊び、_________を大切にし、_________の保全に寄与
する態度を養うこと。
五 伝統と文化を尊重し、それらをはぐくんできた我が国と
_________を愛するとともに、他国を尊重し、国際社会の平和と
_________に寄与する態度を養うこと。
第三条 国民一人一人が、自己の_________を磨き、豊かな
_________を送ることができるよう、その生涯にわたって、あらゆ
る機会に、あらゆる場所において学習することができ、その成果を
適切に生かすことのできる社会の実現が図られなければならない。
Questions used in memorizing experiment before.
Experiment Flow

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Fading ink

  • 1. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Human Reading&Annotation Research 消える注釈 (Fading Annotation) Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 2. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 TWO DIFFERENT PURPOSES OF ANNOTATIONS For later use For current activity Permanent annotation Temporal annotation Personal ideas Comments and opinions Key sentences Segments of sentences Remaining permanent information Help understanding, focusing, comparing… Key words Confused words, pointing… © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 3. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 EXAMPLES FOR TEMPORAL ANNOTATION 1 Segmenting long sentences helps us understand the text in the reading process. But actually we don’t need these marks anymore after understanding the text. They don’t keep any important information but will distract us from reading. An abstract of one paper: © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 4. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Underline or circle text help keep some key words or confused words for referring to later. Some people even like pointing to text when read books or news to keep focus. When read on the tablet we can also do such thing with a digital pen, but it will cause unwanted lines. If temporal annotation is available, it will be right ok as all inks fading. EXAMPLES FOR TEMPORAL ANNOTATION 2 © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 5. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Current pens(including analog pens and digital pens) support only the former annotation, no trials to support the later annotation MY EXPERIENCE AND FACTS FACTS EXPERIENCE When I read English articles on paper or on a tablet, I usually make many annotations. I realize that most of them are temporal annotations. Too much annotations on the page causes a mess, I hesitate to use my pen and feel not so free. © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 6. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 I would like to change the current framework of pen, role of pen, paradigm of writing • Annotation style would be changed • The amount of annotation would increase • Better understanding of documents • Users can write anything they like If the temporal pen is provided: The opportunity of temporal annotation is larger than that of permanent annotation. If users write all permanent annotation, documents would become noisy. When users want to write something, they are compelled to judge if it is used later. HYPOTHESIS Current pens • All information is permanent • Need to use eraser if users want to erase Temporal-ink pens • All information is temporal, they are fading • Need to specify if users want to make them permanent COMPARISON © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 7. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 FADING INK History management Fading speed Tap/Double-tap We developed a pdf reader with the concept of fading ink. Users can use digital pen to write annotation, and these annotations will be fading over time until disappeared. Mode switch © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 8. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Experiment Compare fading ink and normal ink • Fading ink mode x Normal ink mode • 3 Articles: practice 1, fading ink 1. normal ink 1 • 3 Japanese participants • Task: memorize a one page Japanese article • Fill in 20 key words in the article • Subjective evaluation and interview • About 50 min  Memorizing experiment • Fading ink mode x Normal ink mode • 3 Articles: practice 1, fading ink 1. normal ink 1 • 6 participants (3 Chinese and 3 Japanese) • Task: mead a two page English article deeply • Answer fact & Idea questions and main events • Subjective evaluation and interview • About 60 min  Reading experiment © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Introduce practice Reading Article 1 Answer questions Reading Article 2 Answer questions Questionnaire Interview Experiment Flow  Data collection annotation, tap/double-tap and operation time are logged, The annotations made are saved with the documents.
  • 9. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Facts • Reading and making annotations on touchpad is a new experience to participants. Most of them use Kindle to read but Kindle don’t have annotation function. • Kinds of annotations: segments of sentence, Confused words, Key words or sentences, Summary of main idea or structure, Pointing to text, Practice of words © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Reading exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with normal ink
  • 10. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Facts • Reading and making annotations on touchpad is a new experience to participants. Most of them use Kindle to read but Kindle don’t have annotation function. • Kinds of annotations: 1. segments of sentence 2. Confused words 3. Key words or sentences 4. Summary of main idea or structure 5. Pointing to text 6. Practice of words © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. One sample of reading experiment
  • 11. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results samples Reading exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with fading ink Memorizing exp. with normal ink © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 12. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Annotation number&score • More annotations, higher score 0 50 100 150 200 250 User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 Annots num of reading test fading annots num normal annots num 0 2 4 6 8 10 User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 Score of reading test fading ink score normal ink score 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 User 5 user 6 User7 Annots num of memorizing test fading annots num normal annots num 0 5 10 15 User 5 user 6 User 7 Score of memorizing test fading ink score normal ink score © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 13. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Annotation number • annotations number(normal ink) < 50, normal ink > fading ink • annotations number(normal ink) >> 50, normal ink < fading ink 0 50 100 150 200 250 User 1 User 2 User 3 User 4 User 5 User 6 Annots num of reading test fading annots num normal annots num 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 User 5 user 6 User 7 Annots num of memorizing test fading annots num normal annots num © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 14. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Subjective evaluation • Reading test comfortability: normal ink > fading ink • Memorizing test comfortably: fading ink > normal ink • People think they will get higher score with normal ink 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 1. You could get a higher score in: 2. You could perform the task comfortability in: Subjective evaluation of reading test normal ink fading ink 0 1 2 3 4 5 You wrote a lot. You can get a higher score. You could perform the task comfortably. Subjective evaluation of memorizing test normal ink fading ink Reading test • Less annotations • read one time Memorizing test • more annotations • read more than one time Fading ink • Annots having been made • Read again • Much annotations Normal ink • Being making annots • Firstly read • Less annotations © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • 15. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Fading ink vs Normal ink © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Mode Advantages Disadvantages Fading ink 1. Feel free to write 2. Clear to read 3. Can make new annotations on limited space 4. Interesting experience 1. Nervous about disappearing annotations 2. Fading speed is not suitable 3. Double-tap is hard to use 4. Can’t realize fading when reading Normal ink 1. Simple, don’t need to do selection 2. Feel safe comparing to fading ink 1. Make page dirty 2. Can’t write annotations on limited space.
  • 16. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Results Fading ink vs Normal ink © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Mode Advantages Disadvantages Fading ink 1. Feel free to write 2. Clear to read 3. Can make new annotations on limited space 4. Interesting experience 1. Nervous about disappearing annotations 2. Fading speed is not suitable 3. Double-tap is hard to use 4. Can’t realize fading when reading Normal ink 1. Simple, don’t need to do selection 2. Feel safe comparing to fading ink 1. Make page dirty 2. Can’t write annotations on limited space.
  • 17. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Next Step System improvement & main experiment © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. • Overview • Combine annotations by space and time • Annotation history management System improvement 1 • Subjects: 日本人12-20人 • Two experiment: reading & memorizing(2人1日同時に) • Two mode: fading ink X normal ink • Totally time: about 135 min • Date: from 6月28日 • ビデオなし Main experiment 2
  • 18. Fuji Xerox Internal Use Only 開 示 範 囲 : 指 定 期 間 : 作成責任者: 作 成 日 : オールFX 2年 研技開本部 未來ワーク 研究グループ 2016年02月01日 Next Step System improvement & main experiment © 2016 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. • 2 mode: fading ink, normal ink • Articles: practice 1, fading ink 2, normal ink 2 • Task: reading a 3-page English article deeply and answer questions. • 10 right or wrong questions which need a good understanding of the article. • The time is limited for 15min. • Total time is 75min Exp.1 Reading experiment • 2 mode: fading ink, normal ink • Articles: practice 1, fading ink 2, normal ink 2 • Task: reading and memorizing a 1- page Japanese article and answer questions. • Fill in key words of the article • The time is limited for 10min. • Total time is 60min Exp.2 Memorizing experiment Introduce practice Reading Article 1 Answer questions Reading Article 2 Answer questions Questionnaire Interview 教育基本法 第 一 条 教 育 は 、 _________ の 完 成 を 目 指 し 、 _________ で _________な国家及び社会の形成者として必要な資質を備えた _________ともに健康な国民の育成を期して行われなければならな い。 第二条 教育は、その目的を実現するため、_________の自由を尊 重しつつ、次に掲げる目標を達成するよう行われるものとする。 一 幅広い知識と_________を身に付け、_________を求める態度 を養い、豊かな情操と_________を培うとともに、健やかな身体を 養うこと。 二 個人の_________を尊重して、その能力を伸ばし、_________ を培い、自主及び_________の精神を養うとともに、職業及び生活 との関連を重視し、_________を重んずる態度を養うこと。 三 正義と_________、男女の平等、自他の_________と協力を重 んずるとともに、公共の精神に基づき、主体的に社会の形成に参画 し、その発展に寄与する態度を養うこと。 四 生命を尊び、_________を大切にし、_________の保全に寄与 する態度を養うこと。 五 伝統と文化を尊重し、それらをはぐくんできた我が国と _________を愛するとともに、他国を尊重し、国際社会の平和と _________に寄与する態度を養うこと。 第三条 国民一人一人が、自己の_________を磨き、豊かな _________を送ることができるよう、その生涯にわたって、あらゆ る機会に、あらゆる場所において学習することができ、その成果を 適切に生かすことのできる社会の実現が図られなければならない。 Questions used in memorizing experiment before. Experiment Flow

Editor's Notes

  1. きえるちゅうしゃく
  2. When I read English academic papers, I usually do these annotations to help me understand the text better, because English is not my first language. All information is remained permanent unintentionally in this situation, but actually I determine whether the information is important to keep or not in my deep mind. So if temporal ink is offered, my reading behavior will be changed.
  3. When I read English articles on paper or on a tablet, I usually make many annotations. I underline key sentences of each paragraph, circle key words, make marks like numbers to figure out the logical structure and write down the Chinese meaning of some words. Sometimes I even draw line when read to keep focus on the text. I realize that even I write down some opinions, most of these annotations are temporary ones that I don’t want to keep for a long term. Too much annotations on the page causes a mess, I hesitate to use my pen and feel not so free.