This document defines different types of vegetarians such as lacto-ovo-vegetarians, lacto-vegetarians, and vegans. It provides statistics on the percentage of vegetarians in the UK and US demographics. Common reasons for becoming vegetarian are discussed, such as health, ethics, environment, and religion. Major vegetarian food companies and some non-vegetarian products that may contain hidden animal ingredients are outlined. Bibliographic sources consulted are listed at the end.

1. FACTFILE: VEGETARIAN
Craig Cassidy & Eddie Gill

2. Definition:
My personal definition for a vegetarian would be simply someone who doesn’t eat any meat products, I
also know that there are different types of vegetarians because you have vegetarians who won’t eat
fish and other who will the different types of vegetarians are:
Lacto-ovo-vegetarians- They eat both dairy products and egg, the lacto-ovo-vegetarian is the most
common type of vegetarian
Lacto-vegetarians- They will eat dairy products but avoid eggs.
Vegans- Vegans will not eat any dairy products, eggs or any other form of products which have been
derived from an animal.
The people who are lacto-ovo-vegetarians, who will eat eggs will more than likely only eat free range
eggs, because they object to battery farming.
As well as vegetarians you also have vegans and in my eyes a vegan is just a more strict vegetarian.
For example a vegetarian like I said won’t eat meat but might eat products which come from animals
such as dairy or even clothes which are made out of animals. But a vegan will not eat any products
which come from animals or wear any clothes which have been made from animals, such as leather.
“A person who does not eat meat or fish, and sometimes other animal products, especially for moral,
religious, or health reasons”-Google
"Someone who lives on a diet of grains, pulses, nuts, seeds, vegetables and fruits with, or without, the
use of dairy products and eggs. A vegetarian does not eat any meat, poultry, game, fish, shellfish* or
by-products of slaughter." -Vegetarian Society

3. Demographics:
Around the world, vegetarianism is viewed in different lights. In some areas there is cultural and even legal support, for example India and the
United Kingdom. Here are some statistics on the amount of vegetarians within the UK.
The population of the UK is about 62.3 million. The most recent statistics collected by “the office for national statistics indicates that 2% of adults
and children are vegetarian, about 1.2 million individuals.
The most recent figures for the amount of meat consumed by individuals in the UK is:
• 79.3kg per year
• 217g a day (131g of red meat)
Number of UK vegetarians in 2012In 2012 there were “1,582 children aged 1-18 years and 1,491 adults who were vegetarian.
• 2% of both adults and children reported that they were vegetarian
• Less than 1% reported following a vegan diet
https://www.vegsoc.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=753
Some demographics of vegetarians from American statistics:
• Female vegetarians - 59%
• Male vegetarians – 41%
• Ages 18 to 34 – 42%
• Ages 35 to 54 – 40.7
• Over 55 - 17.4%
According to the vegetarian union, Britain has the third highest rate of vegetarians in the European union. Italy has the highest rate of
vegetarians, with over 6 million vegetarians which is about 10% of the population.
A demographic and social profile of age and sex matched vegetarians and non-vegetarians
A demographic and social profile was complied for 150 vegetarians and 150 non vegetarians who were matched for age and sex. A
questionnaire containing both closed and open ended questions was ran. The information collected included personal and demographic data,
personal habits, social activates and possible influences of vegetarianism. The results of the questionnaire were:
• No differences were observed in the cultural, ethnic or family background of the groups.
• Vegetarians were less influenced by parents and traditional religions, were slightly less well educated, and were employed in less skilled
occupations.
• vegetarians socialized more than non-vegetarians
• The commitment to vegetarianism was strong and appeared to be reinforced by an extensive network of family and friends who were also
vegetarians.

4. Reasons:
There are many different reasons why people decide to become vegetarians:
The first reason which I think that people choose to become vegetarian because is because they
believe that it is the healthier choice. They think that it is overall a healthier because some people
believe that you can get more fibre which is true to a certain degree because meat doesn’t contain
fibre, even though a non-vegetarian doesn’t only eat meat so they can still get there fibre through other
things. Another health reason is that you can get a lot of cholesterol from eating meat so I suppose a
way of keeping your cholesterol low would be to avoid eating meat.
The second reason I think that somebody would become a vegetarian is for ethical reason, this means
that they will choose to become a vegetarian because they care about the animals. They will avoid
eating food because they think that its been created and its only purpose is to be killed for food and
they think that this is unfair. If they choose to eat eggs then they will only eggs which are free range
because they are against the methods used to farm eggs which aren’t free range.
My third reason why some people might choose to become vegetarians is because they consider the
farming of animals as a cause for environmental cause because they think that excessive amounts of
water is used in the process of raising livestock and that the water could be used for other good
reasons also cows which are obviously bread in the millions for food, produce a lot of methane which is
a greenhouse gas which is linked with global warming.

5. Reasons:
Another reason why people might decide to become a vegetarian could be because religion, you don’t
really hear of it happening that much in the UK, but it’s very common in religions in India. There are
three main religions in India which are linked to people becoming a vegetarian which are Jainism,
Hinduism and Buddhism. In Jainism you basically don’t have any choice because if you want to be part
of that religion then you have no choice as it is mandatory. In Hinduism and Buddhism it’s not
mandatory but it is promoted by some influential scriptures which they have in their religion. Unlike the
religions which I talked about above in religions such as Christianity, Judaism, Islam and Sikhism it is
directly promoted but there are still small groups of people who promote being vegetarian due to
religious reasons.
My final reason why I think that people will go vegetarian is because they think that the products which
are used to farm the animals could be used for a greater cause such as the water used and the grain
used could be given to a starving nation.
“Animals are my friends...and I don't eat my friends.” - George Bernard Shaw
“If slaughterhouses had glass walls, everyone would be a vegetarian.” - Paul McCartney

6. Companies:
Product developers are formulating and marketing a variety of innovative packaged foods designed to appeal not only to
vegetarians but also to the growing group of consumers who are reducing their consumption of meat.
At one time, small companies produced vegetarian food products and sold them in natural/health food stores. As
consumer interest in the products grew, it caught the attention of large food manufactures for example; Kraft foods,
ConAgra foods, General mills and others, which either acquired smaller vegetarian food producers or launched their own
lines of vegetarian food products. These companies offer a variety of vegetarian products such as burgers, crumbles,
patties and starter meals.
Linda McCartney (1941-1998) – was an original food pioneer, she believed in great tasting, honest, meat free food and
the shared pleasure that eating could bring. Linda McCartney foods is a British food brand specializing in vegetarian and
vegan food. The brand was created in 1991 by Linda McCartney. Even though it was sold in 2000 to Heinz and sold
again in 2006 to the Hain Celestial Group, the McCartney family remains involved in its development. The food the
company produces consists of frozen vegetarian and vegan pies, burgers, sausages and pastas.
Quorn – Quorn is the leading brand of faux meat mycoprotein in the United Kingdom. The mycoprotein used to produce
Quorn is extracted from the fungus, fusarium venenatum. The product developer is Rank Hovis McDoughall and
Imperial Chemical Industries and launched commercially as the Quorn brand as a joint venture of the two companies
under the operating name of Marlow Foods. The brand has been owned by Exponent Private Equity and intermediate
Capital Group since 2011. It is sold as a health food and an alternative to meat.
Brakes brothers food service- Brakes are a major wholesaler who supplies a vegetarian lists of food on demand and
also deliver
Goodness food wholesale- Goodness food’s are a natural and organic food sale company who deliver throughout the
UK
On the link beneath you can find a list of trusted vegetarian companies:
http://vegan.org/certify/companies-and-websites/

7. Non vegetarian products:
The most obvious non-vegetarian product would obviously be meat and other products which contain
meat. Non-vegetarian products would also include food which are cooked in oils which are derived from
animals and also other animal based ingredients. Such as foods which are cooked animals oils from
fish, cooked in lard or fat of numerous animals such as sheep, goats, cattle & pigs
Some interesting products which you might have thought don’t contain animal based ingredients are:
Tropicana healthy orange juice: This contains tilapia, sardine and anchovy
Parmigiano-Reggiano-This is used in the cheese making process and the product is actually made with
calf rennet
Other cheese’s that vegetarians can’t eat are Gruyere, Manchego, Emmenthaler, Pecorino Romano,
Gorgonzola, Mimolette, Grana Padano, Camembert, Boucheron, Vacherin
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/19/vegetarian-cheese-animal-rennet_n_4467430.html
Marshmallows-Marshmallows contain gelatine which is a protein made of skins and bones from pigs or
cows
Crisps- Nutrition labels on crisps often don’t differentiate between wether an animal or a plant based
enzyme has been used. Some crisps are reported to have enzymes from pork added to their cheese
seasonings.
Worcestershire sauce- This source is well know for having anchovies as an active ingredient.
Bagels-Some bagels are made with an amino acid L-cysteine which is an amino acid which comes
from either human or poultry feathers.
Cake mix- A common ingredient of cake mix is beef fat
Enhanced breads-Enhanced bread more than likely will get amino acids which contain fish oils.
The website beneath contains a list hidden ingredients which you should watch out for:
http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/food/hidden-ingredients.aspx.

8. Non vegetarian products:
There are too many additives what vegetarians can’t eat. I will list a few beneath and also put a link
with a full list of the additives they can’t eat and their E numbers which the are represented by:
Cochineal: This is an additive which makes many red coloured foods you eat the red colour you see. Its
found in alcoholic drinks, fruit pie fillings a lot of sweets.
Gelatine: Gelatine can be found in products like yoghurts, jellies and lots of sweets. Gelatine is made
from animal skins and hoofs.
Disodium Inosinate- Which is a flavour enhancer and is almost always made from animals and fish.
http://www.veggieglobal.com/nutrition/non-vegetarian-food-additives.htm
Finally I’m going to talk about the Alcoholic products which aren’t suitable for vegetarians.
There are many alcoholic products which aren’t suitable for vegetarins because of the ingredients that
they contain.
Lagers:
Carling black label, Estrella, Fosters, Kronenbourg, Red Stripe & Tennents
Bitters:
Bass, Boddingtons, Crabbies, John Smiths & Tetleys. There are a lot more bitters which aren’t
vegetarian friendly.
Cider: Babycham, Bulmers original cider, Gaymers, Stella Artois cidre
Follow the link bellow for a list of the Lagers, Bitters and Ciders which are vegetarian friendly and which
aren’t.
http://www.veggiewines.co.uk/popularbeers.htm#bitter
In the UK basically all the wines are vegetarian friendly but a few are not vegan friendly
In terms of spirits you only really have red Russian and Silent Sam Vodka which aren’t suitable.
All the information for the vegetarian alcoholic drinks were found at:
http://www.veggiewines.co.uk/index.htm

9. Bibliography:
(List the books, magazines and websites you looked at to gain information for
this fact file.)
http://www.statisticbrain.com/vegetarian-statistics/
http://www.naturalnews.com/030890_vegetarian_reasons.html
www.statisticbrain.com/vegetarian-statistics/
https://www.vegsoc.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=753
http://webecoist.momtastic.com/2011/05/09/12-seemingly-vegan-vegetarian-
foods-that-really-arent/
http://www.vegansociety.com/lifestyle/food/hidden-ingredients.aspx
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/20/non-vegetarian-ingredients-
foods_n_3942454.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetarianism_and_religion