The document discusses communication challenges in distributed software development. It begins by explaining that software development requires intense collaboration, including communication, coordination, and control. When development is distributed, distance negatively impacts coordination and control by disrupting communication. The document then examines different types of communication, such as direct vs indirect and formal vs informal.
The rest of the document outlines several communication challenges that will be discussed, including finding the best media for communication-intensive tasks, overcoming language barriers with machine translation, and establishing personal connections in distributed teams. It provides details on studies conducted to examine these challenges, such as comparing face-to-face and computer-mediated communication for requirements elicitation and negotiation. The document concludes by summarizing
Information system project management (IT - project) is a complex iterative process. An important role for the development of complex IT projects plays records of the development lifecycle (LC). The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the work on the creation of IT - projects based on two modified models of the life cycle: cascade and spiral. Analysis of the effectiveness of the management of the IT project was implemented on the basis of simulation. The modeling was carried out on the basis of Any Ljgic tools on the example of development of geoinformation system (GIS). It is shown that it is advisable to design GIS on the basis of a modified spiral LC with splitting of the flow of requirements at the input. The peculiarity of the proposed study is to take into account the requirements in the form of communicative interactions of different types. Under the communicative interactions are understood all the interactions between the subjects of the process of creating an IT-project: verbal and non - verbal, carried out on the basis of CASE-means
1. This document outlines a marking scheme for a question assessing candidates' ability to summarize their progress and use of digital technology over time.
2. The marking scheme has 4 levels, with level 4 earning 21-25 marks for a clear, fluent, and articulate response using specific examples and excellent terminology. Level 3 earns 16-20 marks for a good response with a clear description and evaluation.
3. Level 2 earns 10-15 marks for a mostly clear response with a narrow range of examples and limited discussion of progress. Level 1 earns 0-9 marks for a descriptive response with little evaluation and partly relevant examples.
The document discusses project communications management. It identifies the key processes as identifying stakeholders, planning communications, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and reporting performance. Effective communication involves getting the right information to the right people at the right time. It is important to understand different stakeholder communication preferences and overcome challenges like geographic distances and language barriers. Performance reports like status and progress reports are used to update stakeholders on project progress.
Information system project management (IT - project) is a complex iterative process. An important role for the development of complex IT projects plays records of the development lifecycle (LC). The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the work on the creation of IT - projects based on two modified models of the life cycle: cascade and spiral. Analysis of the effectiveness of the management of the IT project was implemented on the basis of simulation. The modeling was carried out on the basis of Any Ljgic tools on the example of development of geoinformation system (GIS). It is shown that it is advisable to design GIS on the basis of a modified spiral LC with splitting of the flow of requirements at the input. The peculiarity of the proposed study is to take into account the requirements in the form of communicative interactions of different types. Under the communicative interactions are understood all the interactions between the subjects of the process of creating an IT-project: verbal and non - verbal, carried out on the basis of CASE-means.
The candidate provides evidence of audience research and planning for a music video production. Comparable media products were analyzed and generic conventions considered to help inform production choices. Feedback was gathered from audiences and used to refine elements of the three related products created - the music video, website, and digipak. The candidate demonstrates knowledge of production technologies and digital skills. Overall planning and use of audience input was thorough, though could have been more detailed in discussing the combined finished products and audience reception.
The summative evaluation report by Josélia Neves presents the final results of the project, assessing its overall evolution. It considers the totality and legacy of the project, its overall success and failures, the results of its transnational application and its final deliverables and dissemination.
The art of using language for public expression in order to persuade target audience to support development initiatives is a key reason for graphic communication. This requires communication actors particularly, the graphic encoder to know salient input and output variables of communication for effective mediation. However, the prevalence ignorance of these variables, often results in ineffective media production that is counter-productive to development. Therefore, this paper focused on production of practical rhetoric in graphic language for development programmes. The paper employed the critical-historical-analytic examination and content analysis methods. It introduced the reader to the need for practical rhetoric in visual communication. Furthermore, it highlighted the salient input and output variables that the graphic communication actor need be conversant with in order to produce visual rhetoric, using the McGuire’s Communication/persuasion Matrix. And it exemplified graphic media that result from application or neglect of the knowledge of the variables. The paper found that consideration of the variables afforded production of effective rhetoric in graphic language. The paper ended with the need for graphic encoders to internalize knowledge of the input and output variables and utilize it during the process of media production to generate visual rhetoric with desired effect.
Information system project management (IT - project) is a complex iterative process. An important role for the development of complex IT projects plays records of the development lifecycle (LC). The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the work on the creation of IT - projects based on two modified models of the life cycle: cascade and spiral. Analysis of the effectiveness of the management of the IT project was implemented on the basis of simulation. The modeling was carried out on the basis of Any Ljgic tools on the example of development of geoinformation system (GIS). It is shown that it is advisable to design GIS on the basis of a modified spiral LC with splitting of the flow of requirements at the input. The peculiarity of the proposed study is to take into account the requirements in the form of communicative interactions of different types. Under the communicative interactions are understood all the interactions between the subjects of the process of creating an IT-project: verbal and non - verbal, carried out on the basis of CASE-means
1. This document outlines a marking scheme for a question assessing candidates' ability to summarize their progress and use of digital technology over time.
2. The marking scheme has 4 levels, with level 4 earning 21-25 marks for a clear, fluent, and articulate response using specific examples and excellent terminology. Level 3 earns 16-20 marks for a good response with a clear description and evaluation.
3. Level 2 earns 10-15 marks for a mostly clear response with a narrow range of examples and limited discussion of progress. Level 1 earns 0-9 marks for a descriptive response with little evaluation and partly relevant examples.
The document discusses project communications management. It identifies the key processes as identifying stakeholders, planning communications, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and reporting performance. Effective communication involves getting the right information to the right people at the right time. It is important to understand different stakeholder communication preferences and overcome challenges like geographic distances and language barriers. Performance reports like status and progress reports are used to update stakeholders on project progress.
Information system project management (IT - project) is a complex iterative process. An important role for the development of complex IT projects plays records of the development lifecycle (LC). The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the work on the creation of IT - projects based on two modified models of the life cycle: cascade and spiral. Analysis of the effectiveness of the management of the IT project was implemented on the basis of simulation. The modeling was carried out on the basis of Any Ljgic tools on the example of development of geoinformation system (GIS). It is shown that it is advisable to design GIS on the basis of a modified spiral LC with splitting of the flow of requirements at the input. The peculiarity of the proposed study is to take into account the requirements in the form of communicative interactions of different types. Under the communicative interactions are understood all the interactions between the subjects of the process of creating an IT-project: verbal and non - verbal, carried out on the basis of CASE-means.
The candidate provides evidence of audience research and planning for a music video production. Comparable media products were analyzed and generic conventions considered to help inform production choices. Feedback was gathered from audiences and used to refine elements of the three related products created - the music video, website, and digipak. The candidate demonstrates knowledge of production technologies and digital skills. Overall planning and use of audience input was thorough, though could have been more detailed in discussing the combined finished products and audience reception.
The summative evaluation report by Josélia Neves presents the final results of the project, assessing its overall evolution. It considers the totality and legacy of the project, its overall success and failures, the results of its transnational application and its final deliverables and dissemination.
The art of using language for public expression in order to persuade target audience to support development initiatives is a key reason for graphic communication. This requires communication actors particularly, the graphic encoder to know salient input and output variables of communication for effective mediation. However, the prevalence ignorance of these variables, often results in ineffective media production that is counter-productive to development. Therefore, this paper focused on production of practical rhetoric in graphic language for development programmes. The paper employed the critical-historical-analytic examination and content analysis methods. It introduced the reader to the need for practical rhetoric in visual communication. Furthermore, it highlighted the salient input and output variables that the graphic communication actor need be conversant with in order to produce visual rhetoric, using the McGuire’s Communication/persuasion Matrix. And it exemplified graphic media that result from application or neglect of the knowledge of the variables. The paper found that consideration of the variables afforded production of effective rhetoric in graphic language. The paper ended with the need for graphic encoders to internalize knowledge of the input and output variables and utilize it during the process of media production to generate visual rhetoric with desired effect.
KGWI: The Collaborative Work Enviroment in EuropeKelly Services
The document discusses how collaboration is becoming a key factor for companies to improve profitability and attract top talent. It finds that 60% of European workers cite a highly collaborative environment as a feature of their ideal work environment. However, only 47% feel their current workplace promotes collaboration. There are also differences in perceptions between generations and countries. Developing a truly collaborative culture requires effort from leadership to establish the right structures, train employees, and use technologies that facilitate collaboration.
Đặc sản làm quà tặng- Cung cấp những món ăn đặc sản Việt Nam ngon bổ dưỡng cho du khách mua làm quà tặng biếu cho người thân bạn bè trong chuyến du lịch
This document discusses the types of inter partes proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, including oppositions, cancellations, interferences, and concurrent use proceedings. It provides details on who may file an opposition or petition to cancel a trademark registration and the required timing and procedures for doing so. Key points covered include the difference between opposing a mark's registration versus petitioning to cancel a registered mark, as well as the fees, forms, and other requirements for commencing these proceedings.
Bureaux professionnels : Achat ou Location ? FIDAQUITAINE
Fidaquitaine et Tourny Meyer ont répondu à la question suivante lors d'un petit déjeuner organisé par Hauts de Garonne Développement à Floirac le 20 mars 2017.
ZRR / ZFU / Bordeaux Métropole / Immobilier professionnel Bordeaux / Acheter ou Louer
'The B of the Bang' - What the UK Government’s white paper on Brexit means fo...Graeme Cross
The document summarizes key points from a UK government white paper on Brexit and its implications for businesses. It discusses potential impacts on several issues including:
- Free movement of capital and access to the European Economic Area for financial services.
- Immigration controls and their effect on attracting/retaining talent, particularly for the healthcare sector.
- Negotiating a new trading relationship and customs agreement between the UK and EU.
- Restrictions on free movement and their implications for internationally mobile employees and healthcare access.
- Compliance with EU data protection laws and heightened cybersecurity risks post-Brexit.
- The UK's ability to negotiate independent trade deals globally and support available for exporters.
-
How a mobile-first strategy is helping to develop loyalty and revenue opportunities in common customer touchpoints in the financial services industry.
This presentation was given at the Mobile Marketing Finance Summit, 23rd March 2017.
El documento presenta una historia corta donde Sherlock Holmes y el Dr. Watson investigan la muerte del Lord Thomas. Aunque Holmes no quiere aceptar el caso inicialmente, cambia de opinión cuando una supuesta Lady Thomas intenta asesinarlo, revelando que es en realidad un agente de su enemigo Moriarty.
Publicado en La Diaria, periódico uruguayo que presenta el lanzamiento de un LIbro sobre los cambios en el Movimiento Sindical uruguayo. Debemos conocer de donde viene y como se ha desarrollado el mov. sindical.
This document contains product listings for various clothing items including jackets, shirts, dresses, aprons, scarves, and more. Each listing provides the product code, material composition typically 100% polyester, available sizes, and product type in Spanish. Some items are noted as new additions. The document appears to be a catalog or inventory listing for a clothing retailer or wholesaler.
Programa de Ordenamiento Ecológico Regional del Estado de Morelos, POEREM @co...Ceb Morelos
El documento habla sobre el Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio (OET), el cual permite orientar el emplazamiento de actividades productivas y el uso de recursos ambientales, convirtiéndose en la base de la política ecológica. El OET tiene como fines regular el uso del suelo y los recursos naturales a través de talleres de planeación participativa. Consiste en dividir el territorio en unidades de gestión ambiental y establecer políticas y lineamientos para cada una basados en criterios ecológicos.
Este documento discute la distinción entre alteraciones del habla y del lenguaje. Explica que aunque algunos disturbios pueden clasificarse como del habla o del lenguaje, esta distinción no siempre es clara. Detalla que el lenguaje incluye aspectos pragmáticos, semánticos y gramaticales, y que los trastornos pueden afectar uno o más de estos aspectos, lo que lleva a confusiones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.
This document contains product listings for various articles of clothing, accessories, and uniforms made from polyester and cotton. The listings include product codes, materials, sizes, and brief descriptions. Several of the products are labeled as new items. The document appears to be a catalog or price list from a supplier of work and medical uniforms.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes decentralized supply chains with competing retailers under demand uncertainty. It investigates what types of contractual arrangements between suppliers and retailers are needed for the decentralized chain to perform as well as a centralized one. The document outlines models of supply chains with single and multiple non-competing retailers, and indicates that coordination can be achieved through linear price discount sharing schemes between the supplier and retailers. It also discusses models of supply chains with competing retailers and the additional complexities around coordination that arise from retailers' prices impacting each other's demands and profits.
This document discusses capturing and representing deliberation in participatory planning practices. It explores using digital tools like Compendium, FM, and CoPe_it to capture deliberation across contexts and represent the planning process. The tools were tested in case studies, with positive feedback around their use for reflection, understanding contexts, and giving voice to communities. Challenges included potential discretion in classification and managing increasing information complexity. Future work aims to further engage the public and address issues of power in participatory planning processes.
The document discusses a didactical framework for designing blended learning arrangements. It defines blended learning as a combination of face-to-face and online learning. The framework divides blended learning into three components - content, communication, and construction. It also examines how different instructional methods map to various delivery media based on their affordances regarding social presence, information richness, and synchronicity. The goal is to provide guidelines for selecting and sequencing elements of blended learning arrangements.
Visualizing Deliberation to Enable Transparent Decision Making in Participa...Anna De Liddo
The document summarizes a presentation on visualizing deliberation in participatory urban planning through knowledge mapping and argument mapping. It discusses using technologies like Compendium, FM, and CoPe_it to capture deliberation across different contexts and enable more transparent decision making. Evaluation of case studies found that the approach helped structure deliberation and engage stakeholders, but challenges remain around discretion in classification and managing information complexity.
Visualizing Deliberation to Enable Transparent Decision Making in Participato...Anna De Liddo
The document discusses using digital tools to visualize deliberation in participatory urban planning processes. It proposes capturing deliberation using Compendium, a hypermedia mapping tool, and integrating it with meeting annotation software (FM) and an online deliberation platform (CoPe_it!). This aims to make deliberation more transparent, coherent, and participatory. Three case studies tested this approach. Evaluation found it helped reconstruct deliberation and supported exploration, but classification of claims requires discretion. Overall, the tools show potential to give more voice to community members and reflect on planning processes.
KGWI: The Collaborative Work Enviroment in EuropeKelly Services
The document discusses how collaboration is becoming a key factor for companies to improve profitability and attract top talent. It finds that 60% of European workers cite a highly collaborative environment as a feature of their ideal work environment. However, only 47% feel their current workplace promotes collaboration. There are also differences in perceptions between generations and countries. Developing a truly collaborative culture requires effort from leadership to establish the right structures, train employees, and use technologies that facilitate collaboration.
Đặc sản làm quà tặng- Cung cấp những món ăn đặc sản Việt Nam ngon bổ dưỡng cho du khách mua làm quà tặng biếu cho người thân bạn bè trong chuyến du lịch
This document discusses the types of inter partes proceedings before the Trademark Trial and Appeal Board, including oppositions, cancellations, interferences, and concurrent use proceedings. It provides details on who may file an opposition or petition to cancel a trademark registration and the required timing and procedures for doing so. Key points covered include the difference between opposing a mark's registration versus petitioning to cancel a registered mark, as well as the fees, forms, and other requirements for commencing these proceedings.
Bureaux professionnels : Achat ou Location ? FIDAQUITAINE
Fidaquitaine et Tourny Meyer ont répondu à la question suivante lors d'un petit déjeuner organisé par Hauts de Garonne Développement à Floirac le 20 mars 2017.
ZRR / ZFU / Bordeaux Métropole / Immobilier professionnel Bordeaux / Acheter ou Louer
'The B of the Bang' - What the UK Government’s white paper on Brexit means fo...Graeme Cross
The document summarizes key points from a UK government white paper on Brexit and its implications for businesses. It discusses potential impacts on several issues including:
- Free movement of capital and access to the European Economic Area for financial services.
- Immigration controls and their effect on attracting/retaining talent, particularly for the healthcare sector.
- Negotiating a new trading relationship and customs agreement between the UK and EU.
- Restrictions on free movement and their implications for internationally mobile employees and healthcare access.
- Compliance with EU data protection laws and heightened cybersecurity risks post-Brexit.
- The UK's ability to negotiate independent trade deals globally and support available for exporters.
-
How a mobile-first strategy is helping to develop loyalty and revenue opportunities in common customer touchpoints in the financial services industry.
This presentation was given at the Mobile Marketing Finance Summit, 23rd March 2017.
El documento presenta una historia corta donde Sherlock Holmes y el Dr. Watson investigan la muerte del Lord Thomas. Aunque Holmes no quiere aceptar el caso inicialmente, cambia de opinión cuando una supuesta Lady Thomas intenta asesinarlo, revelando que es en realidad un agente de su enemigo Moriarty.
Publicado en La Diaria, periódico uruguayo que presenta el lanzamiento de un LIbro sobre los cambios en el Movimiento Sindical uruguayo. Debemos conocer de donde viene y como se ha desarrollado el mov. sindical.
This document contains product listings for various clothing items including jackets, shirts, dresses, aprons, scarves, and more. Each listing provides the product code, material composition typically 100% polyester, available sizes, and product type in Spanish. Some items are noted as new additions. The document appears to be a catalog or inventory listing for a clothing retailer or wholesaler.
Programa de Ordenamiento Ecológico Regional del Estado de Morelos, POEREM @co...Ceb Morelos
El documento habla sobre el Ordenamiento Ecológico del Territorio (OET), el cual permite orientar el emplazamiento de actividades productivas y el uso de recursos ambientales, convirtiéndose en la base de la política ecológica. El OET tiene como fines regular el uso del suelo y los recursos naturales a través de talleres de planeación participativa. Consiste en dividir el territorio en unidades de gestión ambiental y establecer políticas y lineamientos para cada una basados en criterios ecológicos.
Este documento discute la distinción entre alteraciones del habla y del lenguaje. Explica que aunque algunos disturbios pueden clasificarse como del habla o del lenguaje, esta distinción no siempre es clara. Detalla que el lenguaje incluye aspectos pragmáticos, semánticos y gramaticales, y que los trastornos pueden afectar uno o más de estos aspectos, lo que lleva a confusiones en el diagnóstico y tratamiento.
This document contains product listings for various articles of clothing, accessories, and uniforms made from polyester and cotton. The listings include product codes, materials, sizes, and brief descriptions. Several of the products are labeled as new items. The document appears to be a catalog or price list from a supplier of work and medical uniforms.
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes decentralized supply chains with competing retailers under demand uncertainty. It investigates what types of contractual arrangements between suppliers and retailers are needed for the decentralized chain to perform as well as a centralized one. The document outlines models of supply chains with single and multiple non-competing retailers, and indicates that coordination can be achieved through linear price discount sharing schemes between the supplier and retailers. It also discusses models of supply chains with competing retailers and the additional complexities around coordination that arise from retailers' prices impacting each other's demands and profits.
This document discusses capturing and representing deliberation in participatory planning practices. It explores using digital tools like Compendium, FM, and CoPe_it to capture deliberation across contexts and represent the planning process. The tools were tested in case studies, with positive feedback around their use for reflection, understanding contexts, and giving voice to communities. Challenges included potential discretion in classification and managing increasing information complexity. Future work aims to further engage the public and address issues of power in participatory planning processes.
The document discusses a didactical framework for designing blended learning arrangements. It defines blended learning as a combination of face-to-face and online learning. The framework divides blended learning into three components - content, communication, and construction. It also examines how different instructional methods map to various delivery media based on their affordances regarding social presence, information richness, and synchronicity. The goal is to provide guidelines for selecting and sequencing elements of blended learning arrangements.
Visualizing Deliberation to Enable Transparent Decision Making in Participa...Anna De Liddo
The document summarizes a presentation on visualizing deliberation in participatory urban planning through knowledge mapping and argument mapping. It discusses using technologies like Compendium, FM, and CoPe_it to capture deliberation across different contexts and enable more transparent decision making. Evaluation of case studies found that the approach helped structure deliberation and engage stakeholders, but challenges remain around discretion in classification and managing information complexity.
Visualizing Deliberation to Enable Transparent Decision Making in Participato...Anna De Liddo
The document discusses using digital tools to visualize deliberation in participatory urban planning processes. It proposes capturing deliberation using Compendium, a hypermedia mapping tool, and integrating it with meeting annotation software (FM) and an online deliberation platform (CoPe_it!). This aims to make deliberation more transparent, coherent, and participatory. Three case studies tested this approach. Evaluation found it helped reconstruct deliberation and supported exploration, but classification of claims requires discretion. Overall, the tools show potential to give more voice to community members and reflect on planning processes.
This paper discusses how project teams share status updates, issues, and accomplishments. It describes several communication tools used to share information, including face-to-face meetings, email, intranets, video conferencing, phones, and social media. The types of information commonly shared include project status, problems, technical details, schedules, and budgets. While electronic methods like email allow efficient information sharing, face-to-face communication is often the most effective way to share information among project teams.
All about project communications management.
project communication management process
communication planning
information distribution
performance reporting
administrative closure
improving project communication
This document discusses computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and related topics. It begins with definitions of CALL, computer-assisted second language acquisition (CASLA), and other related terms. It then covers theories in instructed SLA and CALL. Empirical research on CALL is divided into product-oriented research, which examines the effects of CALL on language abilities, and process-oriented research, which investigates learner interactions and engagement. Principles for effective CALL pedagogy are outlined based on SLA research and technology. Specific studies on CALL as a predictor of success in English acquisition and on digital natives vs. digital immigrants are also summarized.
1) The document summarizes a report on requirements for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) data persistence and interoperability.
2) It describes a 36-month, 10 million euro project involving 22 partners from 8 EU member states working on practical implementations of semantic interoperability across research infrastructures.
3) The report analyzes the current landscape of FAIR technologies, semantic artifacts, and infrastructure initiatives; identifies challenges around scope, terminology, and rapid development; and concludes that solutions must be user-friendly, context-sensitive, and transparent while promoting adoption of standards and registries.
Communications planning is important for determining stakeholder information needs. It is linked to environmental and organizational factors. Project communications management ensures proper information collection and dissemination. The communications management plan outlines information sharing requirements. Performance reports generally cover scope, quality, schedule and cost. Team meetings are an effective way to accelerate project integration. Conflicts can arise from barriers like distance, technical language or attitudes. Effective communications are important for project success.
This document summarizes a study that used a grounded theory approach to understand user uptake of advanced video conferencing technologies. The researchers observed 17 video conferences and identified themes about socio-technical interactions and group dynamics. A survey found a gap between users' actual experiences and perceptions of potential. Features of in-person interactions were juxtaposed with video conferences to identify differences. Trial annotation tools were limited. Future work aims to develop a large-scale grounded annotation tool to systematically analyze technology use and inform design improvements.
The document discusses communications management for projects. It covers key concepts of communication including mechanisms for information exchange, dimensions of communication activities, and factors that affect communication approaches. It also outlines the processes of planning communications management, managing communications, and monitoring communications. The key outputs are a communications management plan that defines the communication needs for the project and updates to project documents to reflect communication activities.
Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) uses computer technology to aid language learning. CALL has developed over three phases from 1960s-today: behaviouristic CALL focused on drill practice, communicative CALL emphasized authentic communication, and integrative CALL allows learners to navigate multimedia resources. CALL programs can be CALL-specific software, web-based materials, or generic software like word processors. Using CALL provides benefits like individualized practice, collaboration, variety, and real-world computer skills. Research studies have found multimedia and interactive elements improve retention, and computer-mediated communication like the Internet has transformed language learning by enabling online interaction.
T. Daniel Crawford' presentation at WSSSPE 2013 at SC13.Daniel Crawford
Summary of papers related to "Education and Training" component of the first Workshop on Sustainable Software for Science: Practice and Experiences held Sunday, November 17th, at SC13 in Denver, CO.
The document discusses how effective communication impacts project outcomes and summarizes research findings. It defines key terms like communication objects, measurable communication actions, and elements of the communication environment. The presentation provides tools to assess current communication practices, identify areas for improvement, and track changes over time. The overall message is that communication determines project success and organizations should focus on improving their communication environments.
D1: Gathering Interests: Future Technologies and Their Applicationslisbk
Slides for a 1-day workshop on "Future Technologies and Their Applications" facilitated by Brian Kelly and Tony Hirst at the ILI 2013 conference on Monday 14 October 2013.
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/ili-2013-workshop/
See http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/events/ili-2013-workshop/
Areas of Tension in Technology Enhanced LearningDenis Gillet
The document summarizes a study conducted by the STELLAR Network of Excellence to identify key areas of tension and core research areas in technology-enhanced learning (TEL) through a multi-round Delphi study. The study involved 230 TEL experts who identified 11 core research areas and 5 areas of tension presenting opposing views on the future of TEL. Examples of areas of tension include "data tracking for personalized learning versus data privacy." The study aims to provide recommendations for a future TEL research agenda.
Mobile Citizen Summit Presentation: "Web Development for a Mobile-Enabled World"Michael Walsh
Web development needs have radically shifted with the emergence of third party social media sites and the growth of mobile computing. Independent of the shift to the Cloud, the shift in how people communicate and what they use to communicate is having a profound effect on web development. Organizations no longer need just web sites but rather an integrated online presence. Traditional web development therefore needs to evolve to meet this need. This presentation discusses how organizations need to evolve their web strategy to take into consideration disruptive shifts, especially the increasing importance of mobile. It also provides a comprehensive set of recommendations on how to build more effective strategies.
Project communications management involves planning communication needs, distributing information to stakeholders, reporting on project performance, and closing out the project administratively. Effective communication is critical for project success. Key aspects of project communications include developing communication plans, status reports, distribution methods, and lessons learned documentation. Managing communications requires identifying stakeholder information needs, generating and disseminating timely reports, and resolving conflicts that may arise during the project.
Similar to Facing communication challenges in collaborative development (20)
Investigating Crowd Creativity in Online Music CommunitiesFabio Calefato
This document summarizes research investigating crowd creativity in online music communities. It analyzed three communities (Songtree, ccMixter, Splice) in terms of authors, songs, and reused songs. Five hypotheses about factors influencing song reuse were tested using logistic regression. Surveys found triggers for collaboration included genre flexibility and virtual bands/albums. Data showed songs were more likely to be reused if they generated more reactions, were less derived, and were by authors with high status or custom avatars. The researchers concluded contests should be more varied to foster collaboration over competition and support full music production lifecycles.
On Developers’ Personality in Large-scale Distributed Projects: The Case of t...Fabio Calefato
This document summarizes a study of developers' personalities in large open-source projects within the Apache ecosystem. The study examined whether personality traits change over time, differ between core and peripheral developers, correlate with development activity levels, or change when becoming a core member. The researchers found that Apache developers evolved over time to be more open, agreeable, and neurotic. However, no significant differences were observed between core and peripheral developers or developers with different activity levels. Personality also did not change significantly when becoming a core member. Conscientiousness and openness were found to correlate with increased likelihood of becoming a contributor.
A Gold Standard for Emotion Annotation in Stack Overflow Fabio Calefato
This document presents a method for creating a gold standard for emotion annotation in Stack Overflow posts. It describes selecting an emotion classification framework, developing annotation guidelines, and applying those guidelines to annotate a sample of 4,800 posts to create the gold standard dataset. Annotators labeled posts with one of six emotions: joy, love, surprise, anger, sadness, or fear. The document reports the distribution of labels and inter-annotator agreement scores as measures of the gold standard's quality and reliability. It then promotes the released emotion annotation guidelines and gold standard dataset to facilitate replicable and reliable sentiment analysis of software engineering text.
How to Ask for Technical Help? Evidence-based Guidelines for Writing Question...Fabio Calefato
Slides presenting results from our IST paper (https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.04692) / IEEE Software blog post (http://blog.ieeesoftware.org/2017/11/can-we-trust-stack-overflow-netiquette.html) investigating whether we can trust Stack Overflow netiquette for writing better questions.
A Preliminary Analysis on the Effects of Propensity to Trust in Distributed S...Fabio Calefato
This study analyzed the effects of an individual's propensity to trust on the successful collaboration in distributed software projects. The researchers collected data on 218 pull requests from one open source project involving 6 integrators. They used integrators' email language and the Big 5 personality model's agreeableness trait as a proxy for propensity to trust. Logistic regression found integrators with high propensity to trust were 34% more likely to accept pull requests, even after controlling for other factors. However, the study had limitations including focusing on one project and using agreeableness as the sole measure of propensity to trust. Further research on more projects is needed.
Affective Trust as a Predictor of Successful Collaboration in Distributed Sof...Fabio Calefato
This document summarizes a research study on using sentiment analysis to measure affective trust in distributed software development teams. The researchers propose that affective trust between developers can be measured by the amount of positive sentiment or "affective lexicon" expressed in pull request comments over time. They hypothesize that affective lexicon will decrease as trust develops, and that more affective lexicon in previous comments will increase the chances a pull request is accepted. The researchers plan to build a sentiment analysis tool trained on software engineering texts to analyze pull request data from GitHub and identify cases where affective language shifts as trust is established.
A Hub-and-Spoke Model for Tool Integration in Distributed Development Fabio Calefato
This document proposes a hub-and-spoke model for integrating software tools to help address challenges of information overload faced by distributed development teams. It presents a solution where various tools (satellites) connect and share information through centralized hubs. A case study demonstrates how tools like a CI hub, CD hub, and communication hub like Slack can be integrated to share build, code change, issue and other notifications. The model aims to improve situational awareness for developers by providing a common interface and filtered information from across tools. Further work is needed to implement and test the model in different company contexts and environments.
Can social awareness foster trust building in global software teams?Fabio Calefato
This document describes a study investigating whether social awareness fostered through social media can build trust in global software teams. It presents a theoretical model of trust antecedents and proposes using a tool called SocialCDE to aggregate developers' personal social media content in their workspaces. The study design involves a field study of an open source project and a controlled experiment comparing teams using Visual Studio with and without SocialCDE. The goal is to analyze collected data and determine if social awareness positively correlates with affective trust and project performance between distant teams.
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Conversational agents, or chatbots, are increasingly used to access all sorts of services using natural language. While open-domain chatbots - like ChatGPT - can converse on any topic, task-oriented chatbots - the focus of this paper - are designed for specific tasks, like booking a flight, obtaining customer support, or setting an appointment. Like any other software, task-oriented chatbots need to be properly tested, usually by defining and executing test scenarios (i.e., sequences of user-chatbot interactions). However, there is currently a lack of methods to quantify the completeness and strength of such test scenarios, which can lead to low-quality tests, and hence to buggy chatbots.
To fill this gap, we propose adapting mutation testing (MuT) for task-oriented chatbots. To this end, we introduce a set of mutation operators that emulate faults in chatbot designs, an architecture that enables MuT on chatbots built using heterogeneous technologies, and a practical realisation as an Eclipse plugin. Moreover, we evaluate the applicability, effectiveness and efficiency of our approach on open-source chatbots, with promising results.
Session 1 - Intro to Robotic Process Automation.pdfUiPathCommunity
👉 Check out our full 'Africa Series - Automation Student Developers (EN)' page to register for the full program:
https://bit.ly/Automation_Student_Kickstart
In this session, we shall introduce you to the world of automation, the UiPath Platform, and guide you on how to install and setup UiPath Studio on your Windows PC.
📕 Detailed agenda:
What is RPA? Benefits of RPA?
RPA Applications
The UiPath End-to-End Automation Platform
UiPath Studio CE Installation and Setup
💻 Extra training through UiPath Academy:
Introduction to Automation
UiPath Business Automation Platform
Explore automation development with UiPath Studio
👉 Register here for our upcoming Session 2 on June 20: Introduction to UiPath Studio Fundamentals: https://community.uipath.com/events/details/uipath-lagos-presents-session-2-introduction-to-uipath-studio-fundamentals/
Must Know Postgres Extension for DBA and Developer during MigrationMydbops
Mydbops Opensource Database Meetup 16
Topic: Must-Know PostgreSQL Extensions for Developers and DBAs During Migration
Speaker: Deepak Mahto, Founder of DataCloudGaze Consulting
Date & Time: 8th June | 10 AM - 1 PM IST
Venue: Bangalore International Centre, Bangalore
Abstract: Discover how PostgreSQL extensions can be your secret weapon! This talk explores how key extensions enhance database capabilities and streamline the migration process for users moving from other relational databases like Oracle.
Key Takeaways:
* Learn about crucial extensions like oracle_fdw, pgtt, and pg_audit that ease migration complexities.
* Gain valuable strategies for implementing these extensions in PostgreSQL to achieve license freedom.
* Discover how these key extensions can empower both developers and DBAs during the migration process.
* Don't miss this chance to gain practical knowledge from an industry expert and stay updated on the latest open-source database trends.
Mydbops Managed Services specializes in taking the pain out of database management while optimizing performance. Since 2015, we have been providing top-notch support and assistance for the top three open-source databases: MySQL, MongoDB, and PostgreSQL.
Our team offers a wide range of services, including assistance, support, consulting, 24/7 operations, and expertise in all relevant technologies. We help organizations improve their database's performance, scalability, efficiency, and availability.
Contact us: info@mydbops.com
Visit: https://www.mydbops.com/
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For more details and updates, please follow up the below links.
Meetup Page : https://www.meetup.com/mydbops-databa...
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AppSec PNW: Android and iOS Application Security with MobSFAjin Abraham
Mobile Security Framework - MobSF is a free and open source automated mobile application security testing environment designed to help security engineers, researchers, developers, and penetration testers to identify security vulnerabilities, malicious behaviours and privacy concerns in mobile applications using static and dynamic analysis. It supports all the popular mobile application binaries and source code formats built for Android and iOS devices. In addition to automated security assessment, it also offers an interactive testing environment to build and execute scenario based test/fuzz cases against the application.
This talk covers:
Using MobSF for static analysis of mobile applications.
Interactive dynamic security assessment of Android and iOS applications.
Solving Mobile app CTF challenges.
Reverse engineering and runtime analysis of Mobile malware.
How to shift left and integrate MobSF/mobsfscan SAST and DAST in your build pipeline.
inQuba Webinar Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr Graham HillLizaNolte
HERE IS YOUR WEBINAR CONTENT! 'Mastering Customer Journey Management with Dr. Graham Hill'. We hope you find the webinar recording both insightful and enjoyable.
In this webinar, we explored essential aspects of Customer Journey Management and personalization. Here’s a summary of the key insights and topics discussed:
Key Takeaways:
Understanding the Customer Journey: Dr. Hill emphasized the importance of mapping and understanding the complete customer journey to identify touchpoints and opportunities for improvement.
Personalization Strategies: We discussed how to leverage data and insights to create personalized experiences that resonate with customers.
Technology Integration: Insights were shared on how inQuba’s advanced technology can streamline customer interactions and drive operational efficiency.
LF Energy Webinar: Carbon Data Specifications: Mechanisms to Improve Data Acc...DanBrown980551
This LF Energy webinar took place June 20, 2024. It featured:
-Alex Thornton, LF Energy
-Hallie Cramer, Google
-Daniel Roesler, UtilityAPI
-Henry Richardson, WattTime
In response to the urgency and scale required to effectively address climate change, open source solutions offer significant potential for driving innovation and progress. Currently, there is a growing demand for standardization and interoperability in energy data and modeling. Open source standards and specifications within the energy sector can also alleviate challenges associated with data fragmentation, transparency, and accessibility. At the same time, it is crucial to consider privacy and security concerns throughout the development of open source platforms.
This webinar will delve into the motivations behind establishing LF Energy’s Carbon Data Specification Consortium. It will provide an overview of the draft specifications and the ongoing progress made by the respective working groups.
Three primary specifications will be discussed:
-Discovery and client registration, emphasizing transparent processes and secure and private access
-Customer data, centering around customer tariffs, bills, energy usage, and full consumption disclosure
-Power systems data, focusing on grid data, inclusive of transmission and distribution networks, generation, intergrid power flows, and market settlement data
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Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
How information systems are built or acquired puts information, which is what they should be about, in a secondary place. Our language adapted accordingly, and we no longer talk about information systems but applications. Applications evolved in a way to break data into diverse fragments, tightly coupled with applications and expensive to integrate. The result is technical debt, which is re-paid by taking even bigger "loans", resulting in an ever-increasing technical debt. Software engineering and procurement practices work in sync with market forces to maintain this trend. This talk demonstrates how natural this situation is. The question is: can something be done to reverse the trend?
"Scaling RAG Applications to serve millions of users", Kevin GoedeckeFwdays
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zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
The Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) invited Taylor Paschal, Knowledge & Information Management Consultant at Enterprise Knowledge, to speak at a Knowledge Management Lunch and Learn hosted on June 12, 2024. All Office of Administration staff were invited to attend and received professional development credit for participating in the voluntary event.
The objectives of the Lunch and Learn presentation were to:
- Review what KM ‘is’ and ‘isn’t’
- Understand the value of KM and the benefits of engaging
- Define and reflect on your “what’s in it for me?”
- Share actionable ways you can participate in Knowledge - - Capture & Transfer
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
"Choosing proper type of scaling", Olena SyrotaFwdays
Imagine an IoT processing system that is already quite mature and production-ready and for which client coverage is growing and scaling and performance aspects are life and death questions. The system has Redis, MongoDB, and stream processing based on ksqldb. In this talk, firstly, we will analyze scaling approaches and then select the proper ones for our system.
Dandelion Hashtable: beyond billion requests per second on a commodity serverAntonios Katsarakis
This slide deck presents DLHT, a concurrent in-memory hashtable. Despite efforts to optimize hashtables, that go as far as sacrificing core functionality, state-of-the-art designs still incur multiple memory accesses per request and block request processing in three cases. First, most hashtables block while waiting for data to be retrieved from memory. Second, open-addressing designs, which represent the current state-of-the-art, either cannot free index slots on deletes or must block all requests to do so. Third, index resizes block every request until all objects are copied to the new index. Defying folklore wisdom, DLHT forgoes open-addressing and adopts a fully-featured and memory-aware closed-addressing design based on bounded cache-line-chaining. This design offers lock-free index operations and deletes that free slots instantly, (2) completes most requests with a single memory access, (3) utilizes software prefetching to hide memory latencies, and (4) employs a novel non-blocking and parallel resizing. In a commodity server and a memory-resident workload, DLHT surpasses 1.6B requests per second and provides 3.5x (12x) the throughput of the state-of-the-art closed-addressing (open-addressing) resizable hashtable on Gets (Deletes).
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation Parameters
Facing communication challenges in collaborative development
1. Facing Communication Challenges
in Distributed Software
Development
Fabio Calefato
University of Bari, Italy
Collaborative Development Research Group
http://cdg.di.uniba.it
Keynote for VirtuES 2013 workshop, Bari, Italy
2. Software development as
an intense collaborative process
• Software development as
“an exercise in complex
interrelationships” *
• Types of collaboration
within a team
– Communication
– Coordination
– Control
* F.P. Brooks, The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering. Addison-Wesley, 1975 (anniversary edition 1995)
8
3. Communication’s key role in
managing distributed sw projects
• Distance has both
direct and indirect
negative effect on
coordination and
control
• Communication
disruption aggravates
coordination and
control breakdowns
9Carmel E., and Agarwal, R., Tactical Approaches for Alleviating Distance in Global Software Development,
IEEE Software, 18(2), 2001.
4. Direct vs. Indirect
communication
10
P P
A
Indirect
communication
Direct communication
Artifacts
Participants
A. Dix, J. Finley, G. Abowd, R. Beale, Human-computer interaction, 3° Ed, Prentice-Hall, 2003.
5. Formal vs. Informal
communication
Formal Informal
Message Planned Spontaneous
Content Work-related Relational
Purpose Organizational Personal
Location /
channels
Official Random
11
6. Communication challenges
“faced” in this talk
What
• Direct formal
communication
– Finding best fitting media for
communication-intensive
tasks
– Overcoming language
barriers with machine
translation
• Direct informal
communication
– Establishing personal, trust-
based connections in
distributed teams
How
• Studies to inform software
practices or
tool designs
• Mixed research methods:
– Analysis of
software artifacts
– Questionnaires
– Interviews
– Content analysis
12
7. FINDING BEST FITTING MEDIA FOR
COMMUNICATION-INTENSIVE TASKS
Research partners:
Daniela Damian (UVic), Filippo Lanubile (Univ. of Bari)
13
8. Research goal
• To assess the support offered by synchronous
text-based communication media (CMC) to
distributed groups involved in requirements
elicitations and negotiations as compared to
traditional face-to-face communication (F2F)
14
9. Computer-Mediated
Communication (CMC)
• Media can be
characterized
along three
dimensions of
information
exchange:
– Time (when)
– Space (where)
– Richness (how
much)
15
Ellis, C.A. et al. Groupware: Some Issues and Experiences, CACM, 34(1), 1991, pp. 39-58
Email
LetterBillboard
Videoconference
Telephone
Chat
F2F
Email
LetterBillboard
Videoconference
Telephone
Chat
F2F
Synchronous
(sametime)
Asynchronous
(differenttime)
Collocated
(same space)
Distributed
(different space)
Rich
Lean
Media-Richness continuum in the
Time/Space Matrix
10. Main theories on CMC
• Social Presence Theory (Short et al.,1976)
– Lean single-channel media have low sense of presence
(inability to convey non-verbal cues)
– Lean media better for task-focused communication, rich
media for relational communication
• Media Richness Theory (Daft & Lengel, 1984)
– The more complex the task, the richer the media to use
– Lean media better for uncertain tasks, rich media better
for equivocal tasks
• Common Ground Theory (Clark & Brennan, 1991)
– Argues that communications is not simply the sending of
messages
– There is no best medium in absolute
16
11. Main theories on CMC
• Channel Expansion Theory (Goodhue et al., 1995)
– Factors other than channel characteristics affect CMC
effectiveness
– Group’s shared experience and media use experience
• Media Synchronicity Theory (Dennis & Valacich, 1998)
– Highly synch media when convergence is the key process to
task accomplishment
– Lowly synch media when conveyance is the key process to
task accomplishment
• Cognitive-Based View (Robert & Dennis, 2005)
– Sense of presence not as vital as the ability to process
information
– Media Richness Paradox: The richer the media, the harder to
properly process information
17
12. Task/Technology Fit (TTF)
• Effectiveness of CMC varies on the type of task
– Differences in tasks and media generate differences
in group performance
• Rich media do not always provide the best
solution for any given task
– Too much or too few media richness for a given task
represents a poor TTF
• Good TTF only when information richness
required by task is proportional to that
conveyed by media
– TTF theories suggest how to appropriately match
task characteristics to medium properties
18
13. Rich media
+ High motivation/attention - Low reprocessability
+ High synchronicity - Low parallelism
+ High social presence
+ High comfort
+ Fosters common ground
Lean media
- Low motivation/attention + High reprocessability
- Low synchronicity + High parallelism
- Low social presence
- Low comfort
- Impairs common ground
Reprocessability
Commitment
Conveyance
Convergence
Uncertain
Equivocal
Task-focused
Relational
CMC theories and properties relevant to task/technologyfit
Cognitive-based View Media Synchronicity Media Richness Social Presence
F2F Elicitation
(-)
CMC Elicitation
(+)
F2F Negotiation
(+)
CMC Negotiation
(-)
CMC theories and properties relevant to task/technologyfit
Putting all the pieces
together
19
14. Empirical study
• Goal
– Compare F2F and synchronous text-based communication
(CMC) modes in distributed requirements elicitations and
negotiations
• Setting
– RE undergraduate course at University of Victoria, Canada
– 40 students in 6 groups of stakeholders involved in the
definition of sw requirements for 6 projects
• Research hypotheses
– H1 – F2F requirements workshops are better appreciated (i.e.,
perceived as more comfortable and satisfying with outcome)
than CMC requirements workshops
– H2 – CMC Elicitation represents a better task/technology fit
(i.e., produce better results) than F2F Elicitation. F2F
Negotiation represents a better task/technology fit (i.e., produce
better results) than CMC Negotiation
20
15. Data
CLIENTS TASKS
JOINT TASKS
DEVELOPERS TASKS
1.
Kickoff
Meeting
2. Create
RFP
3. Analyze
RFP
4. Rqmt
Elicitation
5. Create
RS 1.0
6. Discovery
Issues on RS 1.0
7. Rqmt
Negotiation
8. Create
Prototype Demo
9. Prototype
Demo
10. Create
RS 2.0
22
• Gathered through two satisfaction questionnaires
and chat logs
• Questionnaires administered at the end of the
elicitation and negotiation sessions
17. Dependant variables and
measures – H1
• Subjects’ responses to satisfaction
questionnaires coded to perform quantitative
analysis
– Used 4-point Likert scales and closed questions
• Differences between stakeholders’ perception
of requirements workshops conceptualized as:
– Satisfaction with performance
– Comfort with communication mode
24
18. Dependant variables and
measures – H2
• Requirements workshop and
Communication mode factors
created two variants in the
rqmt definition process
– CE - FN
– FE - CN
• Differences in rqmt workshops
effectiveness conceptualized
as:
– Group performance
– Shared understanding =>
lack of common ground
25
25
Client group tasks Developer group
tasks
Project team tasks
(client and developer
group collaboratively)
Kickoff meeting
Requirements
elicitation
Create RFP
Analyze RFP
Create RS 1.0
Discovery issue
on RS 1.0
Requirements
negotiation
Create prototype
demo
Prototype
demonstration
Create RS 2.0
CMC
F2F
CMC
F2F
CE-FN
FE-CN -----
19. Coding schema
• Performed content analysis on the logs of the CMC workshops to
collect data on negative evidence and grounding chains constructs
• 9 major categories (thematic unit)
26
20. Summary of study
findings (1/3)
• The role (i.e., being a customer or a developer)
has no effect on media selection
– No significant differences in satisfaction and comfort
between CMC and F2F requirements meetings
27
21. Summary of study
findings (2/3)
• No Conclusive Evidence that F2F is The Most
Preferred Medium for Communication
– F2F provided more opportunity to familiarize with other
participants, better ability to express complex ideas and
to understand others’ opinions in both elicitations and
negotiations
– CMC was more comfortable during both elicitations and
negotiations to better participate and openly discuss
conflicting issues more openly with group members
– Stakeholders more satisfied with the performance in the
F2F negotiations than in the CMC negotiations
– No differences in the perceived satisfaction with
performance between F2F and CMC elicitations
28
22. Summary of study
findings (3/3)
• Group performance not affected by
communication medium
– No significant differences in the number of defects
found in the final RS docs produced at the end of the
process
• Computer-Mediated Elicitations Offer Support
to Achieving Shared Understanding
– Data on grounding chains did not allow to draw
conclusions about support given by CMC elicitations
as compared to the CMC negotiations
– CMC elicitations had less negative evidence than
the CMC negotiations
29
23. OVERCOMING LANGUAGE BARRIERS
WITH MACHINE TRANSLATION
Research Partners:
Tayana Conte (UFAM), Filippo Lanubile (Univ. of Bari),
Rafael Prikladnicki (PUCRS)
30
24. Motivation
• Global software projects challenged by
language differences
– Especially requirements meetings
• Machine translation technology for remote
meetings in countries with
– Opportunities for global projects
– Lack of English speaking professionals
• Example: Brazil
– Large pool of IT professionals
– Only 10M speaking English (< 6% of the population)
31
25. Research questions
• RQ1: Can MT services be used in distributed
multilingual requirements meetings?
(instead of English)
• RQ2: How does the adoption of MT affect
group interaction?
(in distributed multilingual requirements
meetings)
• RQ3: Do individuals with a low English
proficiency level benefit more than individuals
with a high level from MT?
32
26. 1st study: Simulation
• Simulation
– Requirements meetings logs as data source
• Assessment of time performance:
– Delay is negligible
• Assessment of translation quality:
– Google Translate (corpus-based) more accurate
than Apertium (rule-based)
33
F. Calefato, F. Lanubile, and P. Minervini. “Can Real-Time Machine Translation Overcome
Language Barriers in Distributed Requirements Engineering?”, ICGSE 2010.
27. 2nd study: Controlled experiment
• 32 participants: 16 students from Bari (IT)
8 from PUCRS, Porto Alegre (BR)
8 from Fed. Univ. of Amazonas, Manaus (BR)
• Multilingual groups arranged by proficiency
level of English (high vs. low)
F. Calefato, F. Lanubile, T. Conte and R. Prikladnicki, "Assessing the Impact of Real-Time
Machine Translation on Requirements Meetings: A Replicated Experiment", ESEM’12
34
28. Experimental tasks
T1 – requirements
prioritization (30 min.)
– Customer’s perspective
1. Assign 16 mobile phone
features to 3 piles:
very important,
important, less important
2. Rank the features within
piles
T2 – release planning
(60 min.)
– Developer’s perspective
1. Distribute 1000 story
points to each feature as
an estimate of
implementation costs
2. Plan 3 releases based
on priorities (T1) and
cost estimates
35
29. Experimental design*
Data sources:
• post-task questionnaires
• meeting logs
Original experiment
(high proficiency)
Replicated experiment
(low proficiency)
MT EN MT EN
Run 1
Gr1, Gr3
execute T1
Gr2, Gr4
execute T1
Gr6, Gr8
execute T1
Gr5, Gr7
execute T1
Run 2
Gr2, Gr4
execute T2
Gr1, Gr3
execute T2
Gr5, Gr7
execute T2
Gr6, Gr8
execute T2
36
* We have doubled the # of groups to 16, new data still to be analyzed
31. Findings
38
• RQ1 - Can MT services be used in distributed
multilingual requirements meetings?
– Machine translation is not disruptive of the conversation
flow and is accepted with favor
• RQ2 - How does the adoption of MT affect group
interaction?
– More balanced discussions when using native language
with MT
• RQ3 - Do individuals with a low English proficiency
level benefit more than individuals with a high level
from MT?
– So far NO, although people with low English skills are
more prone to use MT again
32. However…
• Messaging is easier than talking for a non-
native English speaker
• Therefore, as future work we should:
– Replicate with voice conferences
– Compare with groups including native English
speakers
– Replicate with more distant languages couples
(e.g., Chinese, Russian)
39
34. Challenges of distributed
software development
Adapted from: Ågerfalk, P.J., and Fitzgerald, B. Flexible and Distributed Software Processes: Old Petunias in New Bowls?, CACM, 49(10), 2006
Geographical
Distance
Temporal
Distance
Sociocultural
Distance
Communication Decreased frequency of
communication
Lack of informal
exchange
Providing right technical
infrastructure
Delay in
responses
Language
differences and
misunderstandings
Coordination Lack of awareness
Reduced trust
Reduced hours
for same time
collaboration
Doubtful of others’
capabilities
Control Push for heavy-weight
processes
Management of
project artifacts
subject to delays
Jobs perceived as
under threat
Different perceptions
of authority
35. Group awareness
“An understanding of the activities of others
which provides a context for your own activity” *
• Informal awareness
• Group-structural awareness
• Workspace awareness
• Social awareness
* Dourish, P. and Bellotti, V. Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces. Proc. CSCW '92.
36. Meeting Room
How to increase awareness &
build trust in distributed teams?
≈
≈
Informal Communication
??
Remote Conferencing
Social Networks
37. How can social software mitigate the
negative effects of distance in globally
distributed development?
• Current approach: Have all team members use a
single, project-oriented, social networking site
• Problems
– Project-oriented networking sites do not capture the full
social identity of a software engineer
– On the other hand, nobody would like to get project news
feeds into the personal timelines of Facebook or Twitter
– In large global teams, you might do not know people you
should be aware of (awareness network)
– The awareness network can be very dynamic*
* de Souza, C.R.B., Redmiles, D.F. The Awareness Network, To Whom Should I Display My Actions? And,
Whose Actions Should I Monitor?, IEEE Trans. on Sw Eng, 37(3), 2011.
38. Is social awareness
needed?
• Previous research
– J. M. Costa, M. Cataldo, C. R.B. de Souza. The
scale and evolution of coordination needs in large-
scale distributed projects: implications for the future
generation of collaborative tools. CHI '11, 2011.
– Bradner, E. , Mark, G. Why distance matters: effects
on cooperation, persuasion and deception. CSCW
'02, New Orleans, USA, 2002
– Shami, N.S. et al. Making sense of strangers'
expertise from signals in digital artifacts. CHI
'09, Boston, USA
– DiMicco, J. et al. Motivations for Social Networking
at Work. CSCW’08, San Diego, CA, 2008
45
39. Theoretical Model
INTEGRITY
The adherence to intrinsic moral
norms which makes a trustee
reliable
BENEVOLENCE
The perceived level of
courtesy and positive
attitude
ABILITY
Capability of a trustee
(based on knowledge,
competence, skills) to
perform tasks within a
specific domain
PREDICTABILITY
The degree to which a person
is liable and accountable and
meets the expectation of
another person
Cognitive Trust
Affective Trust
Trustee’s
antecedents to trust
Trustor’s
antecedent to trust
PROPENSITY TO TRUST
A general, not experience-based inclination
to display faith and adopt a trusting attitude
toward others
40. So, is social awareness
needed???
YES!
We are in the social era of software engineering
where social media ecosystems are an integral
component of software repositories, and vice
versa
– M.A. Storey, MSR’12 Keynote
47
41. Our approach
• Information shared on social media can surrogate
the social awareness on which affective trust grows
– Developers’ personal content from social media
aggregated and made it contextually available into the
shared workspace
• Great impact of social software on collaborative
development environments
– How to provide social awareness?
• Challenge for empirical studies
– How can we measure the actual benefit of being
personally connected to other developers, wherever they
are located?
43. Group awareness in
Collaborative Development Environments
Informal
awareness
Group-
structural
awareness
Workspace
awareness
Social
awareness
Trac YES YES
Google Code YES YES
Assembla YES YES
Jazz YES YES YES partial
(IBM Connections)
TFS YES YES YES
CodePlex YES YES
GitHub YES YES partial
(view developers’
connections and
@mentions)
Lanubile F., Calefato F., Ebert C. Group Awareness in Global Software Engineering. IEEE Software, 30(2), 2013
44. Research Model &
Hypotheses
• H1 - There is a positive relationship between the
amount of social awareness gained through social
media and the level of affective trust mutually
established among distant teams
• H2 - There is a positive relationship between the level of
affective trust mutually established among distant
teams and project performance
H1 H2 Project
Performance
Trust
Antecedents
Affective
Trust
Social
Awareness
46. Conclusions
Finding best fitting media for communication-intensive
tasks
• Lean media can be effectively used instead of F2F for
communication-intensive tasks
• Tasks mostly involving idea generation (divergent thinking)
Overcoming language barriers with machine translation
• State-of-the-art MT solutions still far from perfect
• Can be used to complete communication-intensive tasks
with some delay due to mistranslations
Establishing personal, trust-based connections in
distributed teams
• The actual benefit of being personally connected to other
developers still under investigation
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47. Facing communication
issues takeaway
• Communication, coordination and control are all
equally important to collaboration within (virtual)
teams
• Communication should be first among equals!
– Avoiding communication
disruption and breakdowns
is paramount
– Any effort put to resolve
coordination and control
issues is ineffective otherwise
57
YET
48. Thanks for your attention!
Questions & comments
58
Contacts:
• fabio.calefato@uniba.it
• http://cdg.di.uniba.it/calefato
• https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Fabio_Calefato
49. References
[ESEJ12] F. Calefato, D. Damian, and F. Lanubile, "Computer-
Mediated Communication to Support Distributed Requirements
Elicitations and Negotiations Tasks", Empirical Software Engineering
Journal, Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 640-674, 2012.
[ESEM12] F. Calefato, F. Lanubile, T. Conte and R. Prikladnicki,
"Assessing the Impact of Real-Time Machine Translation on
Requirements Meetings: A Replicated Experiment", ESEM’12, Lund,
Sweden, Sep. 19–20, 2012.
[IEEESW13] F. Lanubile, F. Calefato, and C. Ebert, "Group
Awareness in Global Software Engineering", IEEE Software 2013.
[ESEC13] F. Calefato and F. Lanubile, "SocialCDE: A Social
Awareness Tool for Global Software Teams", ESEC/FSE'13, St.
Petersburg, Russia, 18-26 Aug. 2013.
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