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Fab Labs
Véronique Routin/Fing
vroutin@fing.org
@veroniqueroutin
Fab Lab concept
Neil Gershenfeld
(Center for Bits
and Atoms, MIT)
1998 - Course « How to make
(almost) anything »
2002 – 1st Fab Lab built at MIT
Was made possible through:
• the standardization and democratization of design tools, rapid
prototyping
• digital networking
• the dissemination of digital practices and uses
Fab Lab (fabrication laboratory)
3 keywords : Make, Share, Learn
Access: you can use the fab lab to make almost anything, you must learn to do
it yourself, and you must share use of the lab with other users.
Education : training in the fab lab is project-based, and delivered by peers;
users are expected to contribute to project instruction and documentation.
Mutual responsibility: users are responsible for security/cleanliness/day-to-day
operations
Openness: designs and processes developed in fab labs must remain available
for individual use, although intellectual property can be protected however
members choose.
Business activity: commercial activities can be incubated in fab labs, but they
must not conflict with open access, they should grow beyond rather than within
the lab, and they are expected to be of benefit to the inventors, labs, and
networks that contribute to their success.
Fab Lab Charter
What is a Fab Lab ?
Fab Lab - Fabrication Laboratory : a worldwide netwok of local labs, where
anyone can gain access to digital fabrication tools.
A platform for the rapid prototyping of physical objects that might
also be ”smart”.
A physical space, open to everyone : 50-100 m2.
A site containing several pieces of professional-grade, numerically-controlled
machinery: laser cutters, vinyl cutters, milling machines, etc.
Fab Labs support user innovation and facilitate bottom-up, open innovation
An emerging ecosystem
Web platforms: etsy.com, instructables, thingiverse, etc.
Media and events: Make / Maker Faire
For whom?
Designers, hackers, engineers, artists, «pro-ams», makers
Tools and Machines
small electronics
3D printer
laser cutter
vinyl machine
CNC milling machine
computers and open source software
CAD/CAM (Kokompe / Cad.py etc.)
2D / 3D (Blender, Inkscape, Gimp, etc.)
Programmation (Python, Tkinter, etc.)$30k / $90k
Fab Lab pourquoi faire?To do what?
Rapid prototyping
Small
production
runs
Individual piece production
(tinkering, personnalisation)
Training
Repairs, recycling, DIY…
Artistic projects
Research
The Fab Lab Network
«Open Lab»days
- free access
- orientation/ improved
understanding
Training workshops
- machine usage, introduction to
electronic,…
- Advanced courses : machine
skills, bootcamps, circuit bending,
etc.
Rental by appointment
- booking entire space, specific
machines, hiring the services of a
tutor
Services Offered
Director
- Imparts overall Fab Lab strategy
- Fundraising
- Partner relations
Fab Manager
- Day-to-day lab management
- Greets and informs public
- Project support
- Machine repair and maintenance
- Workshop and training support
Intern(s)
- Helps the Fab manager with
ongoing tasks
- Greets the public
The Fab Lab team
Ecosystem and Network
Fab (X) conference
innovative globetrotters
Individual projects
A mix of the physical and digital
Niche-market projects...
…and large-scale projects
Taxonomy
• Fab Labs supported by a school or
university
• Foster learning by doing, allow students
to produce prototypes
• Transdisciplinary projects
Educational Fab Labs
• Laboratory providing rapid prototyping
facilities, machines for hire, consulting
services, training and customized
services
• Businesses , entrepreneurs, ”pro-ams”
Private Fab Lab
• Open to all, with the aim of
providing access to the
tools, practices and a
culture of digital fabrication
• User profile: public first-
timers who want to
complete small projects,
pro-ams who want to
develop their concepts
• Projects : based on local
demand and that foster
local skills
General Access Fab Lab
Fab Lab Goals
Educational: learning by doing, the right to fail, transdisciplinarity
Empowerment: create rather than consume technology
Respond to local needs: relocalised or niche market
Bottom-up innovation: tinker, invent, recycle, "garage"…
New kingdom for incubators?
Thank you !
Véronique Routin / Fing
vroutin@fing.org
@veroniqueroutin
Fab Labs : a overall idea of what a Fab Lab is

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Fab Labs : a overall idea of what a Fab Lab is

  • 2. Fab Lab concept Neil Gershenfeld (Center for Bits and Atoms, MIT) 1998 - Course « How to make (almost) anything » 2002 – 1st Fab Lab built at MIT Was made possible through: • the standardization and democratization of design tools, rapid prototyping • digital networking • the dissemination of digital practices and uses
  • 3. Fab Lab (fabrication laboratory) 3 keywords : Make, Share, Learn
  • 4. Access: you can use the fab lab to make almost anything, you must learn to do it yourself, and you must share use of the lab with other users. Education : training in the fab lab is project-based, and delivered by peers; users are expected to contribute to project instruction and documentation. Mutual responsibility: users are responsible for security/cleanliness/day-to-day operations Openness: designs and processes developed in fab labs must remain available for individual use, although intellectual property can be protected however members choose. Business activity: commercial activities can be incubated in fab labs, but they must not conflict with open access, they should grow beyond rather than within the lab, and they are expected to be of benefit to the inventors, labs, and networks that contribute to their success. Fab Lab Charter
  • 5. What is a Fab Lab ? Fab Lab - Fabrication Laboratory : a worldwide netwok of local labs, where anyone can gain access to digital fabrication tools. A platform for the rapid prototyping of physical objects that might also be ”smart”. A physical space, open to everyone : 50-100 m2. A site containing several pieces of professional-grade, numerically-controlled machinery: laser cutters, vinyl cutters, milling machines, etc.
  • 6. Fab Labs support user innovation and facilitate bottom-up, open innovation An emerging ecosystem Web platforms: etsy.com, instructables, thingiverse, etc. Media and events: Make / Maker Faire For whom? Designers, hackers, engineers, artists, «pro-ams», makers
  • 7. Tools and Machines small electronics 3D printer laser cutter vinyl machine CNC milling machine computers and open source software CAD/CAM (Kokompe / Cad.py etc.) 2D / 3D (Blender, Inkscape, Gimp, etc.) Programmation (Python, Tkinter, etc.)$30k / $90k
  • 8. Fab Lab pourquoi faire?To do what? Rapid prototyping Small production runs Individual piece production (tinkering, personnalisation) Training Repairs, recycling, DIY… Artistic projects Research
  • 9. The Fab Lab Network
  • 10. «Open Lab»days - free access - orientation/ improved understanding Training workshops - machine usage, introduction to electronic,… - Advanced courses : machine skills, bootcamps, circuit bending, etc. Rental by appointment - booking entire space, specific machines, hiring the services of a tutor Services Offered
  • 11. Director - Imparts overall Fab Lab strategy - Fundraising - Partner relations Fab Manager - Day-to-day lab management - Greets and informs public - Project support - Machine repair and maintenance - Workshop and training support Intern(s) - Helps the Fab manager with ongoing tasks - Greets the public The Fab Lab team
  • 12. Ecosystem and Network Fab (X) conference innovative globetrotters
  • 14.
  • 15. A mix of the physical and digital
  • 19. • Fab Labs supported by a school or university • Foster learning by doing, allow students to produce prototypes • Transdisciplinary projects Educational Fab Labs
  • 20. • Laboratory providing rapid prototyping facilities, machines for hire, consulting services, training and customized services • Businesses , entrepreneurs, ”pro-ams” Private Fab Lab
  • 21. • Open to all, with the aim of providing access to the tools, practices and a culture of digital fabrication • User profile: public first- timers who want to complete small projects, pro-ams who want to develop their concepts • Projects : based on local demand and that foster local skills General Access Fab Lab
  • 22. Fab Lab Goals Educational: learning by doing, the right to fail, transdisciplinarity Empowerment: create rather than consume technology Respond to local needs: relocalised or niche market Bottom-up innovation: tinker, invent, recycle, "garage"… New kingdom for incubators?
  • 23. Thank you ! Véronique Routin / Fing vroutin@fing.org @veroniqueroutin

Editor's Notes

  1. Un Fab Lab (abréviation de Fabrication laboratory) est une plate-forme de prototypage rapide d'objets physiques, "intelligents" ou non. Il s'adresse aux entrepreneurs qui veulent passer plus vite du concept au prototype ; aux designers et aux artistes ; aux étudiants désireux d'expérimenter et d'enrichir leurs connaissances pratiques en électronique, en CFAO, en design ; aux bricoleurs du XXIe siècle…
  2. En 98 Neil Gershenfeld est professeur du cours « how to make almost anything» dans lequel il explique aux étudiants du MIT comment utiliser les différentes machines (taille industrielle) dont dispose le MIT. Les étudiants rapidement s’approprient les machines pour réaliser des projets personnels (artistique, d’architecture, etc.), en phase (ou pas) avec leurs études. Il se rend compte que les étudiants créent des objets sans forcement de marché mais qui répondent à leurs propres besoins. For Gershenfeld, Fablab is an extension of internet similar way web 2.0 plateforme democratization the tools to create, edit and share info le fablab vient à la suite de la révolution numérique, un peu comme les ordis, le web, et le web communautaire a permis de décupler la créativité des internautes avec de nouveaux usages, de nouveaux services, les fablabs doivent permettre à leurs utilisateurs de créer de nouveaux objets = de créer plutôt que consommer les technologies. On voit clairement que dans l’esprit de Gershenfeld les fablabs sont un vecteur d’empowerment comme l’est le web. Les fablabs ont été pensés dès le début sous la forme d’un réseau de lieux, pour que les utilisateurs puissent échanger leurs connaissances, partager et faire bénéficier les autres fablabs.
  3. Afin de faire parti des fablabs, il faut respecter une charte. En plus de cette charte, pour Gershenfeld, les fablabs répondent à cette chaîne logique : capacitation -> éducation/formation -> répondre aux problèmes -> création d’emplois -> invention.
  4. Un Fab Lab (abréviation de Fabrication laboratory) est une plate-forme de prototypage rapide d'objets physiques, qui inclut une notion de partage et d’ouverture Il s'adresse aux entrepreneurs qui veulent passer plus vite du concept au prototype ; aux designers et aux artistes ; aux étudiants désireux d'expérimenter et d'enrichir leurs connaissances pratiques en électronique, en CFAO, en design ; aux bricoleurs du XXIe siècle… Des ateliers de «presque tout» : des ateliers équipés d’une chaîne de conception et de fabrication assistée par ordinateur, en réseau localement et mondialement, ouverts à des non spécialistes, dans des écoles et universités, des lieux associatifs, des incubateurs
  5. Le numérique rend possible le partage et les rend visible. pour dale dougherty, «we are all makers» il y a une floraison de sites qui se revendiquent du DIY etsy.com, instructables, thingiverse, ... des événements qui fleurissent : les makers faire je viens dans le fab lab parce que je rencontre d’autres individus, spécialisés dans des disciplines différentes de la mienne
  6. Qu-est ce que l’on retrouve dans un fablab comme matériel. Un Fab Lab regroupe un ensemble de machines à commande numérique de niveau professionnel, mais standard et peu coûteuses : une machine à découpe laser capable de produire des structure en 2D et 3D, une machine à sérigraphie qui fabrique des antennes et des circuits flexibles, une fraiseuse à haute résolution pour fabriquer des circuits imprimés et des moules, une autre plus importante pour créer des pièces volumineuses. On y trouve également des composants électroniques standards, ainsi que des outils de programmation associés à des microcontrôleurs ouverts, peu coûteux et performants. L'ensemble de ces dispositifs est contrôlé à l'aide de logiciels communs de conception et fabrication assistés par ordinateur. D'autres équipements plus avancés, tels que des imprimantes 3D, peuvent également équiper certains Fab Labs. CAD computer aid design (CAO, Conception assistée par ordinateur) CAM (Computer aid manufacturing) Et ceci dans une fourchette de 25 à 50k $
  7. http://www.fabfoundation.org/fab-labs/ Almost 500 fab labs
  8. prices vary from from lab to lab
  9. Learning by doing / sharing and documenting/ fab x weeklong series of meetings to exchange uses and techniques, present practices and projects, Fabfolk provide training and support communities/ fabacademy = online distributed learning modules Enfin pour conclure les fablabs s’inscrivent dans un réseau mondial, on en recense aujourd’hui près de 500 Tous les fablabs sont équipés d’un système de vidéoconférence qui les relie entre eux, afin de pouvoir échanger ou s’aider sur des projets. Depuis septembre 2008, le cours du MIT how to make almost anything adapté aux machines commerciales des fablabs est donné en cours par correspondance à travers différent module pour former des étudiants à l’usage des machines. Cette formation sera sanctionnée par un diplôme en septembre 2009. La Norvège qui a été un des premiers pays à accueillir un fablab hors des USA a mis en place la fondation des fablabs, dotée d’un fab fund qui permet de 1 apporter une partie des financements pour la création d’un fablab, mais qui aussi aide à aller démarcher des VC autant pour la création d’un fablab que des projets qui peuvent en sortir. Enfin il y a les fabfolks, des étudiants formés aux MIT qui se rendent dans les autres fablabs autant pour travailler sur leur projet que pour aider à monter des ateliers, des workshops dans les fablabs. Généralement ils apportent des compétences dans les fablabs du SUD.
  10. Kit Kitesurf
  11. http://amsterdam.fablab.nl/node/2401
  12. Pomme de purification de l’eau, robot arduino, vêtement
  13. http://amsterdam.fablab.nl/node/2401 Open pro-STHE-sis (Prothèse open source) Communty project
  14. Maison Post Katrina entièrement construite avec une shopbot coût de la maison plus bas car 1/ très peu d’erreur, 2/ moins de main d’oeuvre. Concept intéressant pour haiti par exemple Maison solaire Fab House faites dans un fablab.entièrement réalisée dans le Fab Lab de Barcelone et transportée dans 6 semi remorques. What I want you to remember, is that projects start from local needs and use LOCAL expertise, and can be scaled up inside the network.
  15. Le concept des fablabs est assez protéiforme bien qu’ils suivent la même charte d’utilisation. Par exemple dans le fablab Afghan et plus généralement les fablabs dans les pays du Sud, l’accent est mis sur la résolution des problèmes locaux avec du matériel local. Ce sont des étudiants du MIT qui jouent les professeurs et experts. Un des projets du fablab afghan est la création d’un amplificateur Wifi avec du matériel acheté sur place. Mais c’est aussi un lieu de formation, et de découverte des technologies, les OLPC ont été distribués dans le fablab. Au fablab Kenyan, l’idée était de créer des sortes de panneaux solaires pour faire de l’électricité, c’est vraiment l’idée de répondre à des problèmes locaux avec les étudiants du MIT. What I want you to remember is that : « The organisation plays a pivotal role in the directions the fab lab takes and determines the character or specific character of each fab lab. Each fab lab is unique, and colored by its local environment. La Waag Society a un vrai historique de Do tank, lors de la présentation de Frank Kresin à Lift on pouvait lire publish or perish, avec à la suite do or die. Ils portent de nombreux projets avec des réalisations physiques. Les membres de la waag utilisent pour leurs propres projets et en font bénéficier ses partenaires. Deux jours sont tout de même ouvert pour utiliser les machines le mardi et jeudi (Openlab) La fablab Newyorkais a fait le choix d’être mobile, pour aller à l’image des bibliothèque de rue développée par ATD quart Monde, pour amener et faire découvrir les technologies dans les milieux défavorisés, et vraiment les démystifier. Ce fablab mobile n’est pas resté que dans les grandes villes mais traverse les états unis et en particulier les Enfin le fablab Barcelonais a une forte activité de conseil en particulier architecturaux. Il faut dire que le fablab a été créé et est hébergé par l’institut avancé d’architecture de Barcelone.
  16. Educ : host mostly student projects Fab lab @school : Paulo Blikstein offers a series of workshops for high school students to put « fun » into science! The objective is to use the fab lab as an educational tool : experiments, robototic
  17. the organisation plays a pivotal role in the orientation of fab lab and imparts the general color of the lab. private business fab lab : manchester, tech shop services : everything to bring a project from conception to realization project types : most project with a commercial application / test market rapid prototyping / limited edition for niche market penetration staff is generally highly qualified and salaried exemples: manchester, Utrecht -protospace, tech shop
  18. the organisation plays a pivotal role in the orientation of fab lab and imparts the general color of the lab. majority of southern hemisphere fab labs (afganistan, kenya, ghana,…/ certain fab labs in the northern hemisphere that present a hybridization of the first two categories supported by local and national gov
  19. enjeu local (nouvelle zelande, tracker les colliers pour les troupeaux), enjeu de niche : prothèse opensource (lift 2011) innovation ascendante : il y a 2à 3 fois plus d’innovations de la part des consommateurs qu’il n’y en a dans l’industrie (medecine, kayak) notamment dans les marchés en émergence
  20. Since 2000 Fing has built a new kind of think tank that helps businesses, public sector, institutions, local communities - to anticipate changes inspired by technology and its uses, - to open up innovation processes.  Fing explores new continent of innovations, it identifies and produces strong ideas.