Extra-Systolic.pptx
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This document discusses extra systolic heartbeats, which are abnormal heartbeats that disrupt the normal rhythm. It covers the causes of extra systolics such as stress, caffeine, and underlying heart conditions. Symptoms include a skipped heartbeat sensation, palpitations, and dizziness. Diagnosis involves a medical history, electrocardiogram, and heart monitoring. Treatment may include medication, lifestyle modifications, and relaxation techniques. Complications can include arrhythmias, fainting, and reduced cardiac output. Prevention focuses on lifestyle changes, regular checkups, and medication adherence if prescribed.
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Welcome to our discussion on the fascinating topic of the difference between cardiac arrest and a heart attack.
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This document discusses the management of gastrointestinal bleeding. It covers the clinical presentation and definitions of acute upper and lower GI bleeding. The core principles of GI bleeding management are outlined as assessing and stabilizing hemodynamic status, determining the source of bleeding, stopping active bleeding, treating any underlying abnormalities, and preventing recurrent bleeding. Specific causes, diagnostic evaluations, endoscopic and surgical treatments are described for various types of acute GI bleeding.
elective-neurosurgery.pptx
This document discusses intracranial pressure (ICP) and its physiology. It aims to understand CSF production and the signs and symptoms of raised ICP. The pathophysiology of hydrocephalus and its treatment are also covered. The document explains that ICP is normally 5-15 mmHg in adults but lower in children. The major causes of raised ICP are hematomas, tumors and hydrocephalus. The Monroe-Kellie hypothesis states that the cranium volume is fixed, so an increase in mass initially causes CSF and blood to egress, but beyond a point ICP rises rapidly causing brain compression and herniation. Raised ICP impacts cerebral perfusion pressure and blood flow, which relies on autoregulation
pneumonia.pptx
This document discusses pneumonia pathology and clinical manifestations. It begins by defining pneumonia and differentiating between pneumonia, pneumonitis, bronchitis, empyema and abscess. It then covers factors that can disrupt the lungs' defenses against microbial colonization and infection. The document describes community-acquired pneumonia and the differences between typical and atypical presentations. Typical pneumonia involves sudden onset of fever and breathing issues while atypical pneumonia has a more sub-acute course. Finally, it briefly outlines potential complications of pneumonia like empyema, pleural adhesions and abscesses.
ovarian cancer.pptx
This document summarizes key information about ovarian cancer, including:
- It is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in women in developed countries.
- Most women are diagnosed at an advanced stage when symptoms appear.
- Surgery is the initial treatment to obtain a diagnosis, perform staging, and attempt to debulk the tumor.
- Platinum-based chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel is the standard first-line treatment, though some studies show improved outcomes with dose-dense regimens.
Ovarian Cancer[1].ppt
This document provides an overview of ovarian cancer, including:
- It is the fifth most common cancer in women and the fifth leading cause of cancer death.
- The cause is largely unknown. Risk factors include repeated ovulation, infertility treatment, high intake of animal fats, and genetic predispositions.
- Histopathological types include epithelial, germ cell, and sex cord-stromal tumors. Epithelial tumors are the most common and aggressive.
- Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like ultrasound and CT, and tumor markers like CA-125.
- Treatment involves surgical staging and debulking. Chemotherapy is also used and involves agents like cisplatin, carbop
Ovarian cancer .pptx
This document summarizes key information about ovarian cancer, including epidemiology, risk factors, screening, staging, treatment with surgery and chemotherapy. It notes that ovarian cancer incidence is stable worldwide, with most women diagnosed at advanced stage. Screening with CA125 and ultrasound has not proven mortality benefit. Surgical staging and optimal debulking improves outcomes, while platinum-based chemotherapy is standard first-line treatment and improves survival. Ongoing research focuses on maintenance therapies and intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration.
Ovarian cancer .pptx
This document summarizes key information about ovarian cancer, including epidemiology, risk factors, screening, staging, treatment with surgery and chemotherapy. It notes that ovarian cancer incidence is stable worldwide, with most women diagnosed at advanced stage. Screening with CA125 and ultrasound has not proven mortality benefit. Surgical staging and optimal debulking improves outcomes, while platinum-based chemotherapy is standard first-line treatment and improves survival. Ongoing research evaluates incorporating targeted therapies and intraperitoneal chemotherapy administration.
document.pptx
1. Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecological cancer in postmenopausal women, with risk factors including obesity, late menopause, and exposure to unopposed estrogen.
2. Diagnosis involves endometrial biopsy and staging involves assessing the extent of spread. Surgery is the primary treatment and radiation is added for more advanced cases.
3. Prognosis depends on staging, grade, and extent of invasion, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 85% for stage 1 to 42% for stage 3. Recurrence within 5 years occurs in about 30% of cases.
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Extra-Systolic.pptx
- 1. Extra Systolic Discover the world of extra systolic heartbeats and how they can affect our health. Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatments, and more.
- 2. What is an Extra Systolic? An extra systolic is an abnormal heartbeat that occurs outside of the normal rhythm. It can cause a pause or a premature beat, disrupting the regular flow of the heart.
- 3. Causes of Extra Systolic 1 Stress and Anxiety Elevated stress levels can trigger extra systolic heartbeats in some individuals. 2 Caffeine and Stimulants Excessive consumption of caffeine or other stimulants can disrupt the heart's rhythm. 3 Heart Conditions Underlying heart conditions such as coronary artery disease can lead to extra systolic beats.
- 4. Symptoms of Extra Systolic 1 Skip or Fluttering Sensation Some people may experience a sensation of skipped or fluttering beats in their chest. 2 Palpitations Palpitations, which can feel like a pounding or racing heart, may occur during extra systolic beats. 3 Dizziness or Lightheadedness Feeling dizzy or lightheaded can be a symptom of extra systolic heartbeats.
- 5. Diagnosis of Extra Systolic 1 Medical History The healthcare professional will ask about your symptoms and medical history. 2 Electrocardiogram (ECG) An ECG records the electrical signals of your heart to detect any abnormalities in the rhythm. 3 Monitoring Devices Wearable devices or Holter monitors may be used to track your heart's electrical activity over a longer period.
- 6. Treatment Options for Extra Systolic Medication In some cases, medication may be prescribed to regulate the heart's rhythm and reduce extra systolic beats. Lifestyle Modifications Adopting a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and stress management, can help alleviate symptoms. Relaxation Techniques Practicing relaxation techniques, such as deep breathing and meditation, can help reduce stress and promote heart health.
- 7. Complications of Extra Systolic Arrhythmias Untreated or severe extra systolic beats can increase the risk of developing other types of arrhythmias. Fainting or Syncope In rare cases, extra systolic heartbeats can cause fainting or loss of consciousness. Decreased Cardiac Output The irregular rhythm of extra systolic beats can reduce the heart's pumping efficiency.
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