Extended Reality (XR) has transformed the way we interact with digital content, blending the physical and virtual worlds seamlessly. This presentation delves into the evolution of XR technologies, including Augmented Reality (AR), Virtual Reality (VR), Mixed Reality (MR), and their integration into the web through WebXR, as well as the underlying graphics technologies such as WebGPU and WebGL. Additionally, we will explore the importance of Zone certification in ensuring safety and reliability within XR experiences.

1. eXtended
Reality
Prepared by: Elanthirayan M, XR Specialist

2. HISTORY
XR(eXtended Reality), refers to the combination of virtual, augmented, mixed and assisted reality
technologies. The origins of XR date back to the 1960s, when computer scientist Ivan Sutherland developed the
first head-mounted display (HMD), called The Sword of Damocles, which used a computer-generated display to
create a rudimentary form of VR. In the 1990s, companies like Sega and Nintendo introduced gaming consoles
with VR capabilities, but the technology was still too expensive and bulky for widespread use.
In the early 2000s, AR technologies began to emerge with the development of marker-based AR, which used a
camera and a visual marker to overlay virtual objects onto the real world. The launch of smartphones in the late
2000s led to a surge in AR development, with companies like Apple and Google releasing AR software
development kits (SDKs) for their platforms.
More recently, advances in VR and AR hardware, such as the Quest 3 and Apple vision pro, have made XR more
immersive and accessible, leading to a growing number of applications in fields such as gaming, education,
and healthcare.

3. TYPES OF XR
• Virtual Reality
• Augmented Reality
• Mixed Reality
• Assisted Reality

4. VIRTUAL REALITY
VR immerses users in a purely virtual
world. Users can interact with the
digital environment, but they cannot
interact with the real world.

5. EVOLUTION OF VR
https://vr-compare.com
For More information about devices
Image source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Evolution-of-modern-VR-headsets-177_fig1_349077963

6. TYPES OF VR
• Tethered
• Standalone (Untethered)
• Game console
• Mobile

7. MOBILE BASED VR
Cardboard

8. TETHERED DEVICE
HTC Vive

9. TETHERED DEVICE
Oculus Rift

10. TETHERED DEVICE
Oculus Rift Oculus Rift S

11. STANDALONE DEVICE
Quest devices

12. AUGMENTED REALITY
AR expands on the real world by
inserting virtual objects and
information into the real world. Users
perceive virtual objects as an
extension of the real world, but they
can only interact with virtual objects
to a limited extent.

13. AR DEVICES
Mobiles & Tablets Magic Leap

14. MIXED REALITY
MR overlays virtual objects onto
physical surroundings. Virtual objects
are anchored to the real world and
can interact with it.

15. ASSISTED REALITY
Assisted Reality allows a person to
view a screen within their immediate
field of vision, hands-free.
These are helmets that incorporate AR
displays to provide workers with real-time
information and instructions while they
perform their job.

16. WEB XR
WebXR (Web Extended Reality) is an API
standard that enables immersive virtual and
augmented reality experiences to be delivered
through web browsers. It allows developers to
create cross-platform XR applications that can be
accessed and experienced directly in web
browsers, without the need for additional
installations or downloads.

17. WEBGL VS WEBGPU
WebGL is a JavaScript API for rendering
2D and 3D graphics in web browsers,
providing a high-level interface based on
OpenGL ES.
WebGPU is a modern, low-level graphics
API for the web, offering explicit control
over GPU resources and improved
performance compared to WebGL.

18. PASSTHROUGH VS MR
• AR Passthrough, the device uses
cameras to capture the surrounding
environment and then displays it to
the user in real-time.
• MR anchors virtual elements to the
real world and allows them to
interact with it.

19. Zone 2
Explosive gas-air mixture is not likely to
be present, or present for short periods.
Explosive gas-air mixture is likely to be
present in normal operation.
WHAT IS ZONE?
Zones are classified based on the probability of the
presence of an explosive gas-air mixture.
Zone 0
Explosive gas-air mixture is continuously
present, or present for long periods.
Zone 1

20. ZONE CERTIFIED
"Zone Certification" in the energy industry
typically refers to the certification of equipment
for use in hazardous locations, particularly in
areas where there is a risk of explosive
atmospheres. This concept is commonly
associated with the ATEX (Atmosphères
Explosibles) directive in Europe, which regulates
equipment intended for use in potentially
explosive atmospheres.
ATEX
In Europe, the ATEX directive (Atmosphères
Explosibles) sets the standards for equipment
used in potentially explosive atmospheres.
IECEx
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)
provides standards and certifications for electrical
equipment and systems used in explosive atmospheres.

21. LET'S
CONNECT !
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