The document discusses ExpressJS, the most popular Node.js web application framework. It describes how ExpressJS uses routing and middleware as its default architecture. It then discusses problems that can arise from overusing controllers in ExpressJS and proposes different patterns and schemas for cleaning out controllers, including using entity loaders, data mappers, validators, and middleware to separate concerns. These proposed patterns include loading data from a source before modifying requests, assigning data to access from the controller, and using events to handle background functionality between modules.