Expanding Content of an Outline

1. SYNTHESIZING
INFORMATION USING
VARIOUS SOURCES

2. WHAT I KNOW
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1. You are tasked to synthesize information from a given text, which will be your first step?
A. Organize the ideas of the text C. Synthesize the information
B. Read the text several times D. Identify relevant information
2. Ana gathered details for her paper mostly from the internet. Which of the following should she
consider?
A. The content of the text C. The time the text was published
B. The length of the text D. The name of the author
3. Student A is done gathering information from different sources. What would be the next step?
A. Cite the sources C. Organize the ideas
B. Synthesize the text D. Review the content
D
A
D

3. WHAT I KNOW
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4. Why is there a need to note important details?
A. To help you remember things that could help you for future reference.
B. To help you build up vocabulary on the process.
C. To help you select the ideas and concepts needed for your paper.
D. To help you read and review the content before submission.
5. Your teacher in Arts gave you an assignment to synthesize the information with the topic
‘Kulintang in The Philippines.’You then resorted to search on the internet and found
multiple responses. Do you think you are doing the process of synthesis correctly?
A. Yes, because the first step in synthesis is to search the net for information.
B. Yes, because the first step in synthesis is to gather information from sources.
C. No, because the first step in synthesis is to gather a summary of the information needed.
D. No, because the first step in synthesis is to acknowledge the authors properly.
A
D

4. WORD PUZZLE
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5. WORD PUZZLE
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MOST EXPENSIVE HOUSE

7. 7
MOST EXPENSIVE HOUSE

8. OPEN ENDED QUESTION
⊡Based on the information in
the passage and what you
already know, write a few
sentences about your
understanding of living in the
International Space Station.
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9. Could the Futuristic Traveling Tube
Become a Reality?
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10. Could the Futuristic Traveling Tube
Become a Reality?
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11. Could the Futuristic Traveling Tube
Become a Reality?
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1. An idea emphasized throughout the selection is that Musk’s hyperloop
a. Would replace cars b. Would reduce travel time between major cities
c. Would be difficult to construct d. Might be too expensive for the average
passenger
2. Elon Musk came up with the hyperloop because
a. He is a billionaire and is looking to invest in a new company
b. He is an inventor and wants to create the hyperloop before China
c. He is an inventor and realized he could make travel faster when he was taking a slow train
d. He loves technology, and the hyperloop would be his greatest accomplishment
3. The author suggests that Musk’s tube is futuristic. What is an example of this idea —
e. Musk believes the Hyperloop could be completely powered by the sun-making it more environmentally
friendly than cars, airplanes, or train systems.”
f. “People could show up at the Hyperloop station whenever they want and be quickly sent on their way.”
g. “The Hyperloop would have the power to cut back on travel time between major cities like Los Angeles
and San Francisco, which is what inspired Musk to design the Hyperloop in the first place.”
h. “Someday it could possibly move people between the East and West Coasts of the United States in
less than an hour, which is faster than any other mode of transportation that exists.”

12. CHECK ME
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Directions: Write (✓) on the space provided if it is a source of information and ()
if it is not.
_________1. Magazines _________6. Imaginations/Infatuation
_________2. Your own senses _________7. Paper and pen
_________3. Television/Radio _________8. Pamphlets
_________4. Internet _________9. Monographs
_________5. Articles _________10. The people around you
/
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/

13. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
SYNTHESIZING
putting multiple sources together to make a cohesive argument, or to
create a new one. Changes in our ways of thinking take place as we read
and synthesize.
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How do we synthesize?
 Know what your sources are saying.
 Identify how sources are similar.
 Bridge the gap between them.
Ask yourself these questions:
 What is the main claim and evidence used in the
source?
 How do the sources connect and/or conflict with
each other?
 How can I combine the ideas of both to say
something completely new?

14. Main idea vs. Significant details
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• The main idea is the topic of the
paragraph and answers the Wh-
questions.
• It controls all other sentences in the
paragraph.
• It is often found at the beginning of the
paragraph. It could also be found in the
concluding part of the paragraph.
• The significant details are the facts,
examples, incidents, reasons, procedures or
other specific points that back up or
elaborate the main idea.
• They are considered to be supporting details
or body of the story.
The paragraphs in a selection or composition present ideas that can be
considered either as main ideas or significant details.

15. Noting details
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• It is a brief record of something.
• written down in a paper.
• It could be a statement, a quote or anything that one may
have written down in order to remember.
• The details noted may be used for any future reference.
• It could later be used for speech, to write an essay, to
deliver a news report or any other type in oral or written
form.
Noting details is a skill that a learner should develop. It is an important reading,
writing and study skill. When a learner masters noting details, he/she can
perform more difficult comprehension skill like summarizing and synthesizing.

16. Noting details
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Study the news report below then note the important details you will find.
When: October 7, 2007
Who: Manny Pacquiao
What: Best in the world
Where: Las Vegas
How: superior hand speed and hard punches

17. Summarizing a text
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• Summary is a brief paragraph and is a surface level explanation of what is happening in a
text.
• It uses sentences which are rewritten in your own words.
• Retell what has been said and not put your opinion nor make a judgment.
• A summary is not as long as the original text.
• It uses keywords from the text showing the understanding of the subject.

18. Summarizing a text
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Last month, Karen gave her younger sister a smartphone for her online
classes. And all applications needed for her assignments were already
installed so that she can browse anytime, anywhere.
SUMMARY

19. Synthesizing Essential Information
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 Find suitable sources, and then select the relevant parts in those sources.
 Use your paraphrasing and summarizing skills to write the information in your
own words.
 The information from all other sources has to fit together into one continuous
text.
 Remember, though, that when you synthesize work from different people, you
must acknowledge it.
4 Steps to synthesize information from different sources
Step 1: Organize your sources
Step 2: Outline your structure
Step 3: Write paragraphs with topic
sentences
Step 4: Revise, edit and proofread
Checklist for Synthesis
✓ Do I introduce the paragraph with a clear, focused
topic sentence?
✓ Do I discuss more than one source in the
paragraph?
✓ Do I mention only the most relevant findings, rather
than describing every part of the studies?
✓ Do I discuss the similarities or differences between
the sources, rather than summarizing each source in
turn?

20. EXAMPLE:
Synthesizing information on
bullying using two sources.
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21. STEP 1
Activate your prior knowledge about the topic
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To check your own understanding of the topic, consider the following questions and
possible answers:
 How do you define bullying?
Bullying means having fun at the expense of others.
 What can you say about bullying?
It is an unpleasant experience anyone could ever experience especially in school
and at a young age. Usually, it is done by insensitive people who find joy in hurting
others.

22. STEP 2
Begin to read selection 1.
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MANILA, 6 September 2019—
Violence against children, in all forms including online bullying or cyberbullying, has
devastating effects on the physical and emotional wellbeing of young people. This can create
lasting emotional and psychological scars, even physical harm. It is particularly challenging to
address since children are vulnerable and have easy access to the internet, making them easy
targets of online violence.
In the UNICEF U-Report poll conducted in June 2019, almost three-quarters of young people
from 30 countries said that social networks including Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, and
Twitter are the most common platforms for online bullying. Being connected online means that
school no longer ends once a student leaves class, and neither does bullying.
https://www.unicef.org/philippines/press-releases/online-bullying-remains-prevalent-philippines-other-countries

23. STEP 2
CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS
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 Does bullying affect a person’s well-being?
Bullying in all forms has a long-lasting and devastating effect on the person
bullied.
 Is bullying only limited to face-to-face encounter?
Children nowadays are prone to such especially now that bullying happens
not just through face-to-face encounters, but also through social media sites,
called “cyber-bullying”.
 Why is cyber-bullying worse than physical/ face-to-face bullying?
Cyber-bullying is worse because it has no boundaries, it could happen
24/7, and it has a greater audience.

24. STEP 3
READ ANOTHER SELECTION: Based on speech of Angelina Dukic about
bullying
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Instead of focusing on their actions focus on their feelings says Angelina Duki
Bullying is a topic that has been exercised and entertained millions of times yet remains a hot topic and causes death among
teenagers, depression in the workplace, it has even been pinpointed as a cause for wars and genocides.
While the bullying definition is broad and can occur in a variety of environments it usually is a relationship problem and requires
relationship-based solutions. Those who bully are more likely to feel like their friendships and family relationships aren’t very secure.
They are more likely to feel like those who are closest to them make them do things that they don’t feel comfortable doing and aren’t
very supportive or loving.
Let’s look at some hard facts that occur as a result of bullying.
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people, resulting in about 4,400 deaths per year, according to Canada
statistics. For every suicide among young people, there are at least 100 suicide attempts. Over 14 per cent of high school students
have considered suicide, and almost seven per cent have attempted it.
Bullying victims are between two to nine times more likely to consider suicide than non-victims, according to studies by Yale
University.
Our research shows that those who have experienced bullying are twice as likely to go on and bully others. Often, it’s used as a
defense mechanism and people tend to believe that by bullying others, they will become immune to being bullied themselves. In fact, it
just becomes a vicious cycle of negative behavior.
https://www.caledonenterprise.com/opinion-story/8634614-10-year-old-s-speech-on-bullying-wins-king-s-college-competition/

25. STEP 4
Combine prior knowledge with the other
sources
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When we synthesize, we say what we think and
not just retell. Synthesizing has its formula, my
thinking + my reading = changed thinking.

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An Essay on Bullying
Bullying is an act of satisfying your feeling of superiority at the expense of others. It is done in so many ways and on
different channels. It has been one of the main causes of death among teenagers and even adults. It could happen
anywhere such as schools, and even workplaces. Bullying is perceived to be a relationship problem wherein the bully
doesn’t feel a sense of belongingness, thus resorts to seeking attention through bothering others. Children nowadays are
prone to such especially now that bullying happens not just through face-to-face encounters, but also through social media
sites called “cyber-bullying”. Cyberbullying is worse because it has no boundaries, it could happen 24/7, and it has a
greater audience.
Bullying in all forms has a long-lasting and devastating effect on the person bullied. It is an unpleasant experience
anyone could ever experience especially in school and at a young age. Usually, it is done by insensitive people who find
joy in hurting others. However, research shows that bullied individuals are more likely to be bullies to feel superior over
others and to avoid being bullied. That means, they might have experienced being bullied or they have a great fear of
being a victim, so they play the role of being a bully instead of a victim. One author recommended that, since it is a
relationship problem, it requires relationship-based solutions.
Bullying is a rampant issue, especially among students. Policies against bullying were released to be implemented
in schools and other institutions, but still, cases continue to emerge. As a simple individual who can’t influence the world to
fight against bullying, I believe that in my own simple ways, I could somehow be a good example to people around me. Be
a blessing, not a disaster to one another. Build relationships. After all, it is a relationship problem that requires a
relationship-based solution. Simple act of kindness matters.

27. ACTIVITY A
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28. Activate your prior knowledge about the topic.
How do you define harassment?
What can you say about harassment?
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TASK 1

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TASK 2
The ever-lasting effects of street harassment
As I entered my teenage years, I found myself revisiting this situation repeatedly. Although it seemed
unimportant as time went by. I still remembered it vividly as ever. Their faces may have faded, but the words
remained echoing in my memory. In fact, over the next couple of years, several day-to-day decisions I made were
driven by this one single occurrence. I carefully considered every outfit I wore, wondering if perhaps it was too
tight—if perhaps it was too short—if perhaps it may attract the attention I so desperately wish to avoid.
I used to wonder why I no longer felt safe when walking past the group of men or while using public
transportation or staying out past dark. But the more I dwell, the clearer it becomes.
We say that women are freer than ever to make their own decisions about what they do, where they go,
and who they talk to. And yet, we see our fellow mothers, daughters, and sisters going through great lengths to
avoid such confrontation.
We see them turning up their collars on public, hiding behind a curtain of hair, avoiding eye contact with
strangers on the metro, putting bags between them and a passenger on the bus to avoid any sort of physical
contact. Are we truly living in a free society where every single choice a girl makes is based upon the possible
actions or attitude of men?
Adapted from a speech delivered by Shilp Burman Roy, a sixteen-year-old student
and proponent of women’s rights in India.

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 Does the harassment have long-term effect to a victim?
 What does women do to avoid street harassment?
 What are the effects of street harassment to women?
Develop a paragraph by answering the
following questions:

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According to a Hollaback survey, 60 percent of reported incidents of sexual
harassment happen on the street and 22 percent happen on public transport.
"Comments from You'd look good on me' to groping, flashing, and assault are a daily, global reality for women, but
street harassment is rarely reported, and culturally accepted as the price you pay for being a woman or for being gay,"
Hollaback reports.
In view of this, Holly Kearl, founder of the website Stop Street Harassment, believes that sharing stories and
exposing just how often it happens, and the negative impact it has on our lives, is the key to ending street harassment.
"We can read other people's stories and see that we are not alone; we can find ideas for standing up to
harassers," she explained to CNN.
Consequently, while safety is vital, many women who have shared their stories also believe it is important to feel
empowered in the face of street harassment.
"What makes me sad is how many women begin their catcalling stories by saying what they were wearing, as
though if you're dressed nicely, you're really asking for it," writes one woman on STFU Catcallers.
"We shouldn't face a battle when we go out in public, hiding our bodies and averting our eyes.... I wish I could
understand why these men feel we would respond to their attention."
"It's important to be safe. But at the same time, it's important to feel empowered to stand up for our boundaries
and know our rights.
Adapted from: How many women find street harassment flattering?
By Olivia Fleming (July 2013)
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2358515/How-women-
street-harassment-flattering-None-New-wave-websites-reveal-
terrifying-reality-catcalling.html

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 Where does sexual harassment usually happen?
 Who are the common victims of street harassment?
 What is the key to stop or end street harassment?
Develop a paragraph by answering the
following questions:

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